Access Technologies Research Articles

Holistic exploration of reading comprehension skills, technology and socioeconomic factors in Spanish teenagers

The intricate relationship between teenagers' literacy and technology underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding, particularly in the Spanish context. This study employs explainable artificial intelligence (AI) to delve into this complex interplay, focusing on the pivotal role of reading comprehension skills in the personal and career development of Spanish teenagers. With a sample of 22,400 15-year-olds from the PISA dataset, we investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors, technology habits, parental education, residential location, and school type on reading comprehension skills. Utilizing machine learning techniques, our analysis reveals a nuanced connection between autonomy, technological proficiency, and academic performance. Notably, family oversight of technology use emerges as a crucial factor in managing the impact of digital technology and the Internet on reading comprehension skills. The study emphasizes the necessity for a balanced and supervised introduction to technology from an early age. Contrary to current trends, our findings indicate that online gaming may not contribute positively to reading comprehension skills, while moderate daily Internet use (1–4 h) proves beneficial. Furthermore, the study underscores the ongoing nature of acquiring reading comprehension and technological skills, emphasizing the need for continuous attention and guidance from childhood. Parental education levels are identified as partial predictors of children's performance, emphasizing the importance of a holistic educational approach that considers autonomy and technological literacy. This study advocates for addressing socio-economic and gender inequalities in education and highlights the crucial role of cooperation between schools and families, particularly those with lower educational levels.

New haptic systems for elicit emotions in audio-visual events for hearing impaired people.

In this research we have developed devices for hearing impaired people that can transmit the emotions evoked by music. In this way, we will all achieve the full inclusion of impairment people in all social activities. As this is an issue that goes beyond pure engineering research, it has been necessary to create a multidisciplinary group within the Spanish Centre for Captioning and Audio Description (CESyA), in direct collaboration with the Display and Photonic Applications Research Group (GDAF) and the Human Language and Accessibility Technologies Group (HULAT) of the Carlos III University (UC3M) and the Psychiatry and Applied Communication Departments of the Complutense University of Madrid. For this research, a pair of haptic gloves were developed, which transmit different characteristics extracted from music by means of vibrational sequences, intended to drive an emotional reinforcement. Another device, a “music box”, a vibration box, was also developed from the idea of using vibration as an instrument.Overall, the acceptance of the glove was positive, with an 80% of users accepting the negative video, repeatedly stating in the surveys that they "felt more when the glove vibrated". The music box was also well received. Volunteers felt that the system gave them a pleasant sensation and that they could feel the music. However, some participants associated the vibration with the sensation of an alarm clock, which was expectedly negative.Considering the obtained EEG results, we can conclude that the integration of simple multimodal stimuli, visual and vibrotactile, helps to enhance the activation of emotional processes linked with musical stimulation. It can also be concluded that multimodal visual and vibrotactile stimulation enhances both attentional and emotional processes. These results pave the way for future developments that will allow a hearing-impaired person to fully enjoy an audiovisual event, which will have a great impact on this group.

Development and Validation of Research Training Manual for Tertiary Education Faculty

This study explores literacy competence (LC) in elementary schools, emphasizing its importance while revealing its current deficiencies. The primary goal is to examine LC through the lens of the Guided Reading (GR) Model and its sociocultural influences. Using an Explanatory Sequential design as part of a mixed-method approach, the research included 200 fourth-grade students from six elementary schools, comprising 94 males and 106 females. Research tools such as pre-tests and post-tests, observations, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews with students, parents, and teachers were utilized. Data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. The study's findings reveal that the GR model effectively elevates LC from a low to medium level. Literacy comprehension advanced from a factual literal understanding to an interpretive one. However, sociocultural elements, such as book reading facilities, parental guidance, and technology use, were found to affect LC, with inappropriate technology usage having a negative impact. This research underscores the importance of meaningful teacher guidance via the GR model in developing literacy skills, emphasizing the significant role sociocultural factors play. Further investigation into the effects of technology on learning and other sociocultural factors not covered in this study is crucial.

Empowering Literacy Through Sociocultural Lenses: The Impact of Guided Reading on Student Learning

This study explores literacy competence (LC) in elementary schools, emphasizing its importance while revealing its current deficiencies. The primary goal is to examine LC through the lens of the Guided Reading (GR) Model and its sociocultural influences. Using an Explanatory Sequential design as part of a mixed-method approach, the research included 200 fourth-grade students from six elementary schools, comprising 94 males and 106 females. Research tools such as pre-tests and post-tests, observations, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews with students, parents, and teachers were utilized. Data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. The study's findings reveal that the GR model effectively elevates LC from a low to medium level. Literacy comprehension advanced from a factual literal understanding to an interpretive one. However, sociocultural elements, such as book reading facilities, parental guidance, and technology use, were found to affect LC, with inappropriate technology usage having a negative impact. This research underscores the importance of meaningful teacher guidance via the GR model in developing literacy skills, emphasizing the significant role sociocultural factors play. Further investigation into the effects of technology on learning and other sociocultural factors not covered in this study is crucial.

Cache content placement in the presence of fictitious requests in mmWave 5G IAB networks

Caching popular content at the edge of wireless networks leads to backhaul congestion mitigation. To come up with an effective caching policy, content popularity distribution should be taken into account, which is not accurately known in most practical scenarios. Moreover, the mobile users’ (MU) request pattern may not always follow a well-defined distribution since some malicious MUs may deliberately issue their requests incompatible with the content popularity statistics. In this paper, we consider the problem of cache content placement in a 5G mmWave small cell network that relies on integrated access and backhaul (IAB) technology for pushing contents to MUs. We assume that the IAB node is equipped with a cache and has no prior knowledge about the content popularity profiles; instead, it only relies on the observation of the instantaneous demands to shape its caching policy. Also, malicious MUs may exist whose goals are to increase cache miss by issuing fictitious requests. The IAB node decides on which contents to cache and for how long, given that frequently replacing contents incurs administrative costs. We model the content placement problem as an ”adversarial combinatorial multi-armed bandit process with switching costs (ACMAB-SC)” and present an online learning algorithm for shaping the caching policy. We conduct extensive simulation experiments to evaluate the convergence property and assess the performance of our algorithm in terms of backhaul congestion, delay, and cache hit ratio. We also compare against two baseline online learning schemes, including a CMAB-based approach and a generic caching policy based on the ”Follow the Perturbed Leader (FPL)” algorithm.

Stakeholder Perception's of Cybersecurity for Welfare Technology and Remote Care Devices.

In healthcare, there are various stakeholders who hold different understandings of technology. Cybersecurity risks may also be something these stakeholder have varying perceptions of. This papers explores how cybersecurity risks are understood by two key stakeholder groups in the Norwegian healthcare sector related to welfare technology and personal healthcare devices. Two stakeholder groups (healthcare workers and technology vendors) have been interviewed to gather data on this topic. Key findings highlight that there are differences in how risks are perceived, both in terms of likelihood and in consequence. We apply risk perception theory to analyze these findings and provide suggestions for further research within this topic.

Australia’s 2024 decommissioning landscape

Australia’s decommissioning workload has continued to grow at a pace in the past year, several scopes are now awarded, and significant progress is being achieved on a number of studies. However, there is still a lot to do for Australia to deliver its decommissioning outcomes efficiently, safely and to best achievable standards. This paper will provide an update on decommissioning developments across Australia as well as highlighting some key activities helping grow a sustainable local industry. Coming off a low historic volume of activity of the previous decade, Australia’s decommissioning industry has had to rapidly scale and skill-up to address the significant volume of activity anticipated for the remainder of the decade. This increase has impacted the entire value chain, with everyone struggling to find experienced staff, access technologies and secure the all-important vessels to execute the work. Government is moving to support local companies grow into the industry. Regulators are working to balance societal expectations and industry plans. The service sector is mobilising into Australia, and everyone is looking for access to facilities to land equipment and to understand recycling and disposal chains. Meanwhile the workforce, keen to understand where to position themselves for the energy transition, are looking for opportunities. CODA has continued to work strategically to build the local industry. In the past 12 months, CODA has been developing a new online lookahead, completed several port studies, started to map industry skills needs and looked deeper into materials disposal and recycling.

Deep Learning Based Lipreading for Video Captioning

Visual speech recognition, often referred to as lipreading, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential applications in various fields such as human-computer interaction, accessibility technology, and biometric security systems. This paper explores the challenges and advancements in the field of lipreading, which involves deciphering speech from visual cues, primarily movements of the lips, tongue, and teeth. Despite being an essential aspect of human communication, lipreading presents inherent difficulties, especially in noisy environments or when contextual information is limited. The McGurk effect, where conflicting audio and visual cues lead to perceptual illusions, highlights the complexity of lipreading. Human lipreading performance varies widely, with hearing-impaired individuals achieving relatively low accuracy rates. Automating lipreading using machine learning techniques has emerged as a promising solution, with potential applications ranging from silent dictation in public spaces to biometric authentication systems. Visual speech recognition methods can be broadly categorized into those that focus on mimicking words and those that model visemes, visually distinguishable phonemes. While word-based approaches are suitable for isolated word recognition, viseme-based techniques are better suited for continuous speech recognition tasks. This study proposes a novel deep learning architecture for lipreading, leveraging Conv3D layers for spatiotemporal feature extraction and bidirectional LSTM layers for sequence modelling. The proposed model demonstrates significant improvements in lipreading accuracy, outperforming traditional methods on benchmark datasets. The practical implications of automated lipreading extend beyond accessibility technology to include biometric identity verification, security surveillance, and enhanced communication aids for individuals with hearing impairments. This paper provides insights into the advancements, challenges, and future directions of visual speech recognition research, paving the way for innovative applications in diverse domains.

Concerns regarding the accessibility of self-service interactive devices for people with disabilities.

Self-service interactive devices allow users to access information or services without directly interacting with service personnel. As the prevalence of disability increases, it is important to consider the barriers individuals face in using these devices and explore opportunities to increase accessibility through assistive and adaptive technologies. This study aimed to establish recommendations to enhance the accessibility of self-service interactive devices, with the objective of understanding users' experiences with these devices. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were held with stakeholders focusing on accessible design for people with disabilities, categorized as (a) persons with lived experiences with disability, (b) disability advocates, or (c) assistive technology industry experts. The study used content analysis to identify recurring concepts and opportunities to improve accessibility. Participants discussed the potential benefits of updating or incorporating additional accessibility technologies into self-service devices and proposed solutions to existing deficiencies. Common concerns expressed among participants included the privacy and security of self-service devices, protection of personal information, and the consistency and usability of devices. Participants also suggested how this inconsistency could be mitigated and how to improve existing accessibility functionalities. Accessible functionalities in self-service devices have the potential to help address the unmet needs of Canadians with disabilities. With the breadth of available accessible and adaptive technologies, the study concludes that it is imperative to understand (1) what technologies are useful to people with disabilities, (2) whether the inclusion of these technologies is feasible in self-service devices, and (3) how user experience can be improved.

Technology Introduction in the Health Sector Through Learning and Innovation-Oriented Work Processes

Due to rising expectations and, at the same time, increasingly scarce resources, the health care system is also forced to constantly work on its efficiency. One possible solution is the introduction of innovative welfare technologies, but this requires the adaptation of work processes. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of knowledge management (KM) mechanisms for learning and innovation in work processes of health organizations that increasingly use welfare technologies. The study extends existing knowledge on relevant KM mechanisms for learning and innovation in the work processes of healthcare organizations using welfare technologies. Five different KM mechanisms are suggested and discussed.

The impact of credit accessibility and information communication technology on the income of small-scale sugarcane farmers in Ndwedwe Local Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.

Access to credit and information and communication technology (ICT) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the practices of small-scale sugarcane farmers, impacting their financial, social, and economic wellbeing. However, many small-scale farmers need help accessing these resources, thereby affecting their ability to generate sustainable income. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing the adoption of ICT and access to credit and their subsequent impact on small-scale farmers' income. Employing a multistage sampling technique, 300 small-scale farmers were selected as participants in the study. The recursive bivariate probit regression model was used to assess the factors affecting adoption ICT and a selectivity-corrected ordinary least square regression model was utilized to estimate the synergistic effect of ICT adoption and access to credit on the income of small-scale sugarcane farmers. The findings revealed that approximately 77% of small-scale farmers had access to credit, while more than 80% had adopted ICT. The results derived from the recursive bivariate probit (RBP) regression model indicated that access to credit, education, and extension support positively and significantly influenced the adoption of ICT. Conversely, marital status and non-farm income exhibited a negative and significant influence on the adoption of ICT. Gender and marital status were positively and significantly associated with access to credit, whereas age, education, and non-farm income showed a negative and significant relationship on access to credit. Subsequently, a selectivity-corrected ordinary least square regression model analysis revealed that factors such as gender, marital status, extension, government support, and transportation costs positively and significantly influenced farmer's income. In contrast, education, employment status, and non-farm income exhibited a negative and significant influence on income. The study concludes that socio-demographic factors, such as gender, marital status, extension support, government support, and transportation costs, positively contribute to farmers' income. Small-scale sugarcane farmer involvement in other non-farm activities is associated with reduced farm income. This implies that farmers' livelihoods options are reduced as they can only focus on sugarcane development as a source of income. There is a pressing need to educate small-scale farmers on ICT and provide them with access to agricultural credit. Additionally, extension workers should offer advisory support to small-scale farmers requiring assistance in accessing agricultural credit. There is a need to train sugarcane farmers on different agricultural income generating activities to reduce their over-reliance on sugarcane development. By addressing the identified socio-demographic factors and implementing targeted policy interventions, stakeholders can foster an enabling environment for small-scale farmers to thrive, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of the sugarcane sector and the broader agricultural landscape in South Africa.

Leaders’ experiences of successfully implementing health and welfare technology in sparsely populated Nordic areas

Purpose This study examines the effective implementation of health and welfare technology (HWT) in sparsely populated Nordic regions within healthcare and social care settings. Materials and methods Through re-analysing 12 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2020 across three successfully implementing Nordic regions, the research utilised inductive thematic analysis with a reflexive approach to uncover key experiences. Results It identifies five critical success factors: Positive attitudes towards and understanding of digital transformation, Consensus on changing care delivery through HWT, Leadership and organisational readiness for change, Effective feedback mechanisms, and Trust and engagement in the learning process. Highlighting the significance of positive mindsets, leadership, collaboration, and adaptability, the findings underscore the theoretical underpinnings of Weiner’s organisational readiness for change and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory for planning and understanding HWT implementation. Addressing challenges of adapting to HWT necessitates a comprehensive approach, including tailored training, robust support systems, strategic user engagement, feedback integration, and fostering open communication, ultimately ensuring technology serves the user’s needs effectively. Conclusion In conclusion, successful HWT adoption in these areas hinges on fostering a culture of learning, strong leadership, and collaborative efforts. It suggests further research with a larger cohort to validate these insights, offering vital considerations for organisations navigating digital transformation in healthcare and social services.

Embracing mindful reading: leveraging technology to soothe sensory stress

In an increasingly digitized world, technological advancements have transformed information consumption, introducing sensory stress. This review explores mindful reading as a strategy to alleviate this stress and enhance digital reading experiences by integrating technology and mindfulness practices. Mindful reading involves deliberate engagement, derived from mindfulness techniques, offering improved concentration and emotional regulation. Tools like Reader View and digital annotation features can help to reduce sensory strain and enhance readability. Educators play a vital role in supporting mindful reading by providing tailored resources for navigating digital formats and fostering reflective learning approaches. This review calls for further research on this topic to build our understanding of how to create a balanced coexistence between technology and human well-being in reading.

Criterion of construction and strategy of functioning of information and telecommunication system with protection against destructive effects

The creation of information and telecommunication systems with the integration of information transmission, reception and processing functions determines the need to find technical solutions to ensure its security and protection while increasing the intensity of information processes, improving technologies for unauthorized access to information areas and creating destructive effects. Joint fulfillment of requirements for information security and maintaining operational properties of the system, which regulate efficiency, efficiency and resource intensity of information exchange, is achieved in accordance with a minimum-margin rule, the essence of which is to find the maximum possible information losses and determine a strategy for achieving minimum values of these losses. Within the framework of the used approach, the best solution is to establish a set of parameters of transmitting and receiving devices and information processing means with the lowest loss value of the target function of information exchange under the most dangerous and effective destructive effects. Goal – justification of the criterion for construction and strategy of functioning of the information and telecommunication system with protection against destructive effects. The criterion of construction and strategy of operation of the information and telecommunication system are justified in order to achieve the best probabilistic-time indicators of information exchange with a balanced set of measures to ensure security and information protection in case of destructive impacts. Due to the variety and variability of the conditions for the manifestation of destabilizing factors, the parameters and reconfiguration schemes of telecommunication channels, as well as the operating modes of information processing devices, were established while achieving the effectiveness of meeting the information needs of subscribers according to the optimality criterion and setting indicators of the efficiency and resource consumption of the system according to the suitability criterion. Possibilities and options for adaptive, situational and reflective control of the information and telecommunication system in the interests of rational distribution of the information resource to achieve target functions and the use of technologies for ensuring security and protecting information from destructive influences are investigated. Automatic control of the system is at the stage of prohibiting destructive effects on the information area by maintaining components in states that most fully correspond to the goals and objectives of information exchange. Situational control of information security during transmission and reception, used, as a rule, at an early stage of implementation of the conflict component in the information process, is based on the identification of destabilizing factors based on the results of classification of current states and neutralization of threats due to the restructuring of the system operation regulations carried out. Reflexive control, the strategy of which is based on prediction and evaluation of changes in the parameters of information processes under destructive effects, is in the form of transferring components of the information and telecommunication system to the state of its own information equilibrium, which helps to maximize the target function of information exchange while minimizing the performance indicators of destructive effects carried out. Due to the expediency of consistent implementation of the above control strategies in assessing the degree of occurrence of threats to the information process, the vector of parameters of information objects and telecommunication channels must from the conditions for neutralizing the full set of predicted destabilizing factors be determined. A reasonable criterion for building an information and telecommunication system makes it possible to jointly search for technical solutions for creating receiving and transmitting devices and information processing means in order to achieve maximum performance indicators of information exchange under established limitations of efficiency and resource intensity. The developed rule for selecting the strategy for controlling components of the information and telecommunication system establishes time-frequency and space-energy distributions of information processes necessary to meet the information needs of subscribers when transmitting, receiving and processing information in different conditions for the manifestation of destructive threats. The obtained results form a methodological basis for building information and telecommunication systems with protection of information coming through their channels with increasing requirements for target functions of information exchange and strengthening system restrictions due to improvement of technologies for unauthorized access to information areas and creation of destructive effects.

Affordances of Using Educational Technology in Teaching Critical Reading: Insights from an Action Research Study in a Ugandan University

The rapid increase in student enrolment and/or massification, also implicated in large class sizes, has been problematised for compromising quality education. Institutions of higher learning in Africa have embraced the use of ICT as one of the approaches to cope with the challenges of massification. The purpose of this study was to provide an examplar on how teachers can use ICTs to optimise learning from higher-order to lower-order thinking skills. The study uses action research methodology, undertaken with undergraduate students in a Ugandan university, to illuminate the researchers’ experiences in using educational technologies to support the teaching of critical reading. Firstly, we demonstrate how learning progressed from lower-order to higher-order thinking skills as informed by Bloom’s taxonomy. We also show how we optimised the use of technology from the dominant simple substitution, which was also teacher-centred, to a more complex redefinition, which is also learner-centred, as informed by the SAMR model. Finally, we highlight the affordances of using emerging technologies to support transformative learning. These include ongoing learning, monitoring/feedback, research, deeper interaction, peer-review, creativity, and reflection. The study has implications for in-service as well as pre-service teacher education programs which should integrate relevant theoretical frameworks in equipping teachers to optimise the use of technology in supporting teaching and learning.

Transformational Healthcare Leadership in Improving Tele-Health System and Safety Performance Sustainability in University Teaching Hospitals

In developed countries, telehealth system applications are available in hospitals, hospital-based telemedicine centers, and rehabilitation centers. However, in contrast to developing countries, the telehealth system has not been implemented properly. Countries that implement telehealth systems experience different benefits, especially in developed countries. In developing countries, implementation remains challenging due to the requirement for literacy about the telehealth system itself in addition to using smartphone and tablet cellular technology for access. This research is motivated by concerns about the role of transformational leadership in providing a telehealth system to ensure the safety of medical personnel. The study adopts a quantitative approach with primary data collected at three major Indonesian university teaching hospitals—Gajah Mada Hospital, Diponegoro National Hospital, and Sebelas Maret Hospital—with medical personnel and administrative staff as the observation units. Hypothesis testing is conducted using Smart PLS 3.0. The study’s results reveal that traditional health services remain problematic despite efforts to make long-term changes. This study aligns with previous research, emphasizing that strategic flexibility serves as a proactive and reactive strategy for effecting long-term changes in key aspects of a company fostering innovation processes that contribute to sustainable business growth. Received: 21 November 2023 / Accepted: 12 March 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Mapping of school teachers’ digital competency in the context of digital infrastructure: a systematic review and empirical study of India

PurposeThis research paper investigates the theoretical frameworks encompassing a nuanced analysis of the digital divide in the Indian educational context, recognising that it is not merely a matter of technology access but also the ability to effectively use the resource for enhancing learning outcomes. This research provides valuable insights for fostering a more equitable and digitally inclusive learning environment by integrating conceptual insights with empirical evidence. The New Education Policy (NEP), India 2020 firmly emphasises the appropriate integration of technology into the teaching-learning process to develop relevant competencies. The pertinent question is, for India to conquer the second digital divide challenge, is the pace of technology accessibility and skill development sufficient?Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a desk research, using secondary data from the Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE+), the Indian Government database of schools. A structured dataset has been created for all years, where states are grouped in descending ranking order of availability of infrastructure and teachers trained. A colour key segregates the States into three zones demonstrating their different levels of performance – high (green), moderate (blue) and low (yellow). The purpose is to identify state/s that have moved from one zone to another and, thereafter, analyse the reasons behind the movement.FindingsAlmost all states remained in the same digital resource availability zone for the four years studied, except for a limited few. Despite government interventions through higher budget allocation and targeted policies, growth rates of teacher training in computer usage slowed down post-COVID-19. A high positive correlation between Teachers' training in computer usage and the availability of computer and Internet facilities in schools indicates that an increase in digital infrastructure in schools is highly linked to teachers' training in computer usage and would ultimately translate into better use of digital resources to impart equitable education opportunities.Research limitations/implicationsPrimary data collection through interviews might have added to the critical findings. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further on a case-by-case basis for any state under consideration.Practical implicationsEnhancing digital infrastructure in schools and building digital competence in teachers must be understood in the context of the learning organisation and the beneficiaries' attitudes at the meso-level to expand stakeholder motivation towards digital internalisation. This requires continuous engagement with education institutions as professional learning organisations, which will thereby help develop a decentralised context for teacher competency building. Collaboration, continuous monitoring of the outcomes of professional development programs, and sharing best practices are crucial in improving teacher readiness for digital education.Social implicationsAccess to tangible resources, such as computers, Internet connectivity and educational software, and developing intangible resources, such as teacher digital competencies, will play a pivotal role in shaping students' learning experiences. By studying the discrepancies in digital resource accessibility and teacher technology adoption, this research endeavours to add to the efforts towards enhancing the educational landscape.Originality/valueThis paper seeks to address a critical issue in the Indian education system and contribute to the ongoing effort to prevent the widening of the second and third digital divide in schools, and help achieve UN SDG Goals 4 and 10.

Optimal sizing of standalone hybrid renewable energy system based on reliability indicator: A case study

The economical electrification of rural settlements extensively utilizes renewable energy sources. In recent years, the deployment of solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, and biomass gasifier-based power generation technologies for electricity accessibility in remote regions has received greater prominence. This paper presents an optimal component design of a hybrid solar PV-wind and battery system along with a biomass gasifier to provide continuous electricity for rural communities of Uttarakhand, India. In this study, a recently developed population-based giza pyramids construction (GPC) methodology is applied to determine the optimal component sizing. The findings of the GPC method are contrasted with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) methodology to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. The annualized system cost and levelized cost of energy of the hybrid renewable energy system have been minimized subject to technical reliability indicators such as loss of power supply probability and renewable fraction.Moreover, a systematic exploration of the system has been conducted to assess its optimal feasibility across different values of power loss probability ranging from (0% to 4%). The simulation indicates that the proposed method adeptly identifies globally optimal values, leading to a $177 decrease in annual cost and 8% reduction in average simulation time compared to PSO. The research reveals that the balanced point (relative attainment), where system reliability and cost-effectiveness intersect optimally, is achieved at a 3% power loss level, resulting in the most significant cost reduction of $199 compared to other probability levels.

Iot Based Electric Meter Tampering Detector

Abstract: IoT based smart and multifunctional energy meter reading of automatic meter using ATmegha kit. It has the ability to connect to the public database maintained by the energy supplier through computing and energy meter tamper detection. It can prevent theft detection for unregistered users and save losses as a result. A unique feature of this meter is its Internet of Things based functionality. Metmegha. In this case, the system will use the wireless system communication protocol. Wireless is used because the application requires high data rate, low power consumption and low cost. This article shows the ATmegha remote meter reading system. This is to solve the shortcomings of traditional ATmega Meter Reading technology by combining the features of wireless technology with Microcontroller ATMega16. The hardware design was implemented and then the usage of the ATmegha meter was analyzed. There are many opportunities for errors, processing delays, meter confusion, and misuse of electricity and other resources. More than one worker is needed; One group of workers must record the readings, and others must reduce electricity if payment is not made on time.

Wireless Temperature Measurement for Curved Surfaces Based on AlN Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators.

In this paper, we propose a novel method for temperature measurement using surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensors on curved or irregular surfaces. We integrate SAW resonators onto flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) to ensure better conformity of the temperature sensor with the surface of the object under test. Compared to traditional rigid PCBs, FPCBs offer greater dynamic flexibility, lighter weight, and thinner thickness, which make them an ideal choice for making SAW devices working for temperature measurements under curved surfaces. We design a temperature sensor array consisting of three devices with different operating frequencies to measure the temperature at multiple points on the surface of the object. To distinguish between different target points in the sensor array, each sensor operates at a different frequency, and the operating frequency bands do not overlap. This differentiation is achieved using Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology. Experimental results indicate that the frequency temperature coefficients of these sensors are -30.248 ppm/°C, -30.195 ppm/°C, and -30.115 ppm/°C, respectively. In addition, the sensor array enables wireless communication via antenna and transceiver circuits. This innovation heralds enhanced adaptability and applicability for SAW temperature sensor applications.