The Boder Test of Reading-Spelling Patterns (BTRSP) purports to classify underachieving readers into categories of nonspecific reading retardation or one of three dyslexia subtypes that indicate problems in processing phonics and analytic-sequential stimuli (dysphonetic), problems learning sight-words and in processing simultaneous-gestalt stimuli (dyseidetic), or a third subtype with mixed processing difficulties. This study compared the performance of dysphonetics, nonspecifics, and normal readers on “gestalt” tasks of facial memory, tactile-visual recognition, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, and Benton Visual Retention test, and on “analytic-sequential” tasks of auditory sequential memory, visual sequential memory, sound blending, and Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test. The construct validity of the dysphonetic and nonspecific categories received support; however, a large proportion of cases consisting of classification error, “false negatives,” was suspected. The BTRSP classification criteria of reading level, spelling level, and application of phonics were judged useful dimensions in distinguishing two subtypes of disabled readers and reflective of other cognitive abilities.