Reading Position Research Articles

Trans, Feminism:Or, Reading like a Depressed Transsexual: Winner of the 2017 Catharine Stimpson Prize for Outstanding Feminist Scholarship

Trans and feminism, it seems, are caught in a continually reiterated conflict. Reading this conflict as being motivated by the desire for an integrated theory of gender that is undermined by the perhaps irresolvable political desires of each field, this essay is interested in how the expression of this failure of integration is articulated (on both “sides”) as a feeling of being annihilated and the displacement of these bad feelings onto the other. Rather than seeking new terms of resolution—and focusing, in particular, on how transmasculinity has increasingly posed an un- or misrecognized problem for imagining trans-inclusive feminisms—I excavate the “depressed transsexual” and develop this as a reading position from which to think through the possibility of living with the lack of integration, even if it does not feel good.

Characterization of three solid state dosimetry systems for use in high energy photon dosimetry audits in radiotherapy

The IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory (DOL) aims to improve the accuracy of clinical dosimetry in hospitals world-wide by providing independent remote audits for high energy photon beams. A thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) system has been used by the DOL to provide audit services for over 47 years. Two additional systems: an optically stimulated luminescent dosimetry (OSLD) system and a radiophoto luminescent dosimetry (RPLD) system underwent a commissioning process. The systems’ parameters, reading methodology and the dosimetric characteristics were investigated and compared.The read-out procedure for each system was established and optimized. Dosimetric characteristics such as reproducibility, signal fading with time after irradiation, signal per dose dependence and energy response were investigated. Additional tests to check signal depletion per readout and individual sensitivities of dosimeters were performed for RPLDs and OSLDs and also reading position dependence for the RPLD system was checked.The reproducibility of 4 readings of one dosimeter is 0.48% for TLDs, 0.16% for OSLDs and 0.15% for RPLDs. The fading effect after 100 days was 4% for TLD, 2% for OSLD and 0.4% for RPLD. Energy response of TLDs and RPLDs is comparable, higher corrections were found for OSLDs. The RPLD dose-response is sub-linear whereas TLD and OSLD response is supra-linear at the dose range under study (1–4 Gy). The TLD reading procedure is destructive but OSLDs and RPLDs can be read repeatedly and the signal depletion per reading is 0.036% for OSLDs and 0.017% for RPLDs. The sensitivity correction factors for RPLDs and OSLDs were determined with the standard deviation in response of 1000 dosimeters of 2.2% for OSLD and 0.9% for RPLD. The combined standard uncertainties (k = 1) are 1.60% for TLDs, 1.46% for OSLDs and 1.51% for RPLDs.All three systems can be successfully used for auditing purposes if corrections for all described effects are applied.

Optimal Block-Based Trimming for Next Generation Sequencing.

Read trimming is a fundamental first step of the analysis of next generation sequencing (NGS) data. Traditionally, it is performed heuristically, and algorithmic work in this area has been neglected. Here, we address this topic and formulate three optimization problems for block-based trimming (truncating the same low-quality positions at both ends for all reads and removing low-quality truncated reads). We find that all problems are NP-hard. Hence, we investigate the approximability of the problems. Two of them are NP-hard to approximate. However, the non-random distribution of quality scores in NGS data sets makes it tempting to speculate that quality constraints for read positions are typically satisfied by fulfilling quality constraints for reads. Thus, we propose three relaxed problems and develop efficient polynomial-time algorithms for them including heuristic speed-up techniques and parallelizations. We apply these optimized block trimming algorithms to 12 data sets from three species, four sequencers, and read lengths ranging from 36 to 101 bp and find that (i) the omitted constraints are indeed almost always satisfied, (ii) the optimized read trimming algorithms typically yield a higher number of untrimmed bases than traditional heuristics, and (iii) these results can be generalized to alternative objective functions beyond counting the number of untrimmed bases.

Movement Intention Prediction By Superficial Magnetic and Pressure Sensor

This paper presents a discussion about the implementation of superficial magnetic sensor and pressure sensor to find patterns and parameters in order to predicting the intention of movement for people with musculoskeletal system problem in lower limbs. The information is obtained through reading position and movement by magnetic and pressure sensor installed in different parts of the body. The advantage of this sensor is the reference of the position of the every part of the body. Using the sensor in some parts of the body is possible to calculate the muscle contraction for the prediction of intended movement.

The role of rectus muscle myectomy in the management of large-angle strabismus for Graves' ophthalmopathy.

PurposeRetrospective noncomparative case series to investigate the role of rectus muscle myectomy for the treatment of large-angle strabismus in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.Patients and methodsData from 47 consecutive patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy who underwent complete myectomy for large-angle strabismus (strabismus greater than 25 prism diopters (PDs)) were collected retrospectively. Pre- and postoperative deviations in primary and reading position were measured in PDs. Postoperative deviation of <5 diopters in primary gaze and functional binocular vision in central 30° field were considered as successful surgical outcomes.ResultsPatients undergoing complete myectomy of the restricted muscles in large-angle strabismus achieved a 78.7% success rate after the first surgery. Reoperation performed on seven patients resulted in 85.7% success rate in reoperation group. The overall success rate was 91.5%. The mean efficacy of the isolated rectus muscle myectomy was 34.3±7.7 PDs.ConclusionsThe complete rectus muscle myectomy technique is effective and predictable in the treatment of large-angle strabismus in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Encoding and decoding affordances: Stuart Hall and interactive media technologies

This essay addresses how digital and interactive media scholars might adapt the concept of affordances in relation to Stuart Hall’s canonical ‘Encoding/Decoding’ model to better account for how certain types of interactivity are promoted or discouraged by new technologies and platforms. In particular, Shaw looks at how the perceptible, hidden, and false affordances of designed objects intersect with Hall’s dominant/hegemonic, negotiated, and oppositional reading positions. Merging these theories allows scholars to approach the political implications of audience activities with these technologies in new and more nuanced ways.

Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd and the foundation of his hermeneutics: A critical review of the attitude that the Quran is the product of culture

In the cognitive stage of religious traditions, science, in the light of the authority of religious revelation and reason, was dominant in relation to culture, which means that it was possible to determine the true value of different cultures using scientific knowledge. Nowadays, the completely opposite approach is gaining in popularity. Namely, when they discovered the fundamental weaknesses of empiristic definition of science, postmodern philosophers started more vocally saying that culture actually has a crucial influence on the method and internal science structure. Thus, science loses its cognitive independence and becomes the product of culture. In other words, each culture creates a separate scientific knowledge in accordance with its other cognitive layers and needs of the members of that culture. Among the Muslim reformist thinkers, influential Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd wrote in a most comprehensive and thorough manner about the text of the Quran undergoing the influence of culture from the time of life of t he Prophet Muhammad. He explained that the interpreter necessarily has a crucial role in forming the meaning of a text and that the meaning of the text will not be determined on its own until the hermeneutical position of the person reading and interpreting it is taken into consideration. Abu Zayd believed that the primal meaning of the Quran was conditioned by cultural and historic contexts of the time when the Quran appeared and that meaning was no longer credible. However, according to his opinion, the essence of the Quran message will be discovered using hermeneutics, when we harmonize the text with our contemporary cultural realities. With his pioneering attitude, Abu Zayd broke all ontological and metaphysical principles of mystical hermeneutics in the traditional cognitive environment of Islam. The renowned representatives of Islamic mystical heritage insisted that essential and inner meanings of the Quran text are in no way opposing its outer meaning. Using various methods, they uncovered sophisticated secrets of the Quran teachings in the heart of outer layer of the words of God and, in that manner, they ascended to the heaven of metaphysical realities of the Quran and the whole universe.

Some pictures of the history of automotive instrumentation

AbstractThe first in vehicle instrument was the speedometer. It was invented by Otto Schulze in 1902. Until then, drivers had to estimate their speed. The speedometer was followed by an alcohol temperature gauge. A few warning lamps surveyed the most important vehicle functions. Later, single gauges like radiator temperature, fuel gauge, and revolution counter were added to the instrumentation. They were superseded by instrument clusters combining several instruments in one housing. Even though the appearance of the instrument cluster did not change significantly from the early days, there was a steady development of the intelligence behind the panel. This huge amount of information could only be handled by graphic displays. When navigation systems came into our cars, a larger graphic display was needed. It found place in the center console. In parallel, the price decline in the computer market and the availability of high‐performing graphic hardware and software made it possible to enhance the classical functions of the instrument board to an interactive multifunctional information panel, with the dashboard being the main interface between car and driver. The windshield was the third zone where information could be placed in a favorable reading position minimizing eyes off the road time. As a consequent evolution step, augmented reality head‐up displays will soon dominate the information center of premium‐class vehicles.

Diplopia in Medically and Surgically Treated Patients with Glaucoma

To report the prevalence, type, and cause of diplopia in medically and surgically treated patients with glaucoma. Cohort study. A total of 195 adult patients with glaucoma treated in a glaucoma referral practice. A total of 195 adult patients with glaucoma who had undergone surgical or medical management were prospectively enrolled. Forty-seven patients had undergone glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery (Baerveldt 350, Baerveldt 250 [Abbott Medical Optics, Abbott Park, IL], or Ahmed FP7 [New World Medical Inc, Rancho Cucamonga, CA]), 61 patients had undergone trabeculectomy, and 87 patients were medically treated. All patients completed the Diplopia Questionnaire to assess diplopia. We defined the presence of diplopia as "sometimes," "often," or "always" in distance straight ahead or reading positions on the Diplopia Questionnaire. A chart review was performed jointly by a strabismus specialist and a glaucoma subspecialist to characterize the type and cause of the diplopia. Frequency, type, and cause of diplopia. Diplopia was reported in 41 of 195 medically and surgically treated patients (21%) with glaucoma. Binocular diplopia due to the glaucoma procedure was present in 11 of 47 patients (23%) after GDD (95% confidence interval, 12-38), which was significantly greater than in patients after trabeculectomy (2/61 [3%]; 95% confidence interval, 0.4-11; P= 0.002). The most common type of strabismus associated with binocular diplopia due to glaucoma surgery was hypertropia (10/11 GDD cases, 2/2 trabeculectomy cases). Monocular diplopia was found in a similar proportion of medically treated, post-trabeculectomy, and post-GDD cases (4/87 [5%], 4/61 [7%], and 2/47 [4%], respectively). Binocular diplopia not due to surgery was found in similar proportions of GDD, trabeculectomy, and medically treated cases (3/47 [6%], 5/61 [8%], and 10/87 [11%], respectively). Diplopia may be under-recognized in medically and surgically treated patients with glaucoma, and standardization of ascertaining patient symptoms using the Diplopia Questionnaire may be useful in these patients. Diplopia was more commonly seen after GDD than trabeculectomy, typically a noncomitant restrictive hypertropia. The prevalence of monocular diplopia and binocular diplopia unrelated to glaucoma surgery was similar among medical and surgical groups. It is important to counsel patients on the higher occurrence of diplopia associated with GDD surgery.

Examining multiple readings of popular culture by ESL students in Hong Kong

ABSTRACTThe integration of popular culture into English language learning has recently been formalised in the Hong Kong New Senior Secondary curriculum, with the development of critical reading indicated as one of the key objectives. Whether and how students respond to popular culture texts is, however, under-researched. The present paper reports findings from a study that investigated how a group of 33 senior secondary (Grade 11) students from three schools representing different levels of academic performance in Hong Kong conducted reading of an authentic print English advertisement. In small groups, the students articulated in Cantonese, their first language, an analysis of the text including its purpose, target audience, and intended impacts. Insights from Stuart Hall’s three major decoder positions (dominant reading, oppositional reading, and negotiated reading) were drawn on to conduct a qualitative content analysis of the students’ reading. The findings showed that three-quarters of the students irrespective of their English proficiency levels displayed evidence of critical consumption of the text, but many seemed to have constructed oppositional or negotiated reading positions due to their failure to appreciate linguistic creativity, and spontaneous evaluation of the visual images. The authors argue that language curricula in schools should strengthen students’ critical multimodal literacies.

Ambient electromagnetic energy harvesting system for on‐body sensors

An ambient electromagnetic energy harvesting system for on-body sensors is presented. Specifically, a smart contact lens that monitors the glucose level in the tear fluid of a user is demonstrated. The energy harvesting system rectifies a portion of a cell phone/smartphone-emitted uplink signal into DC power for the operations of on-lens sensors and components. An actual cow eye is used to assist in various measurements of the proposed energy harvester. Ultimately, a power of 1 mW at about 1 V is harvested and delivered to a resistive load of 2 KΩ when a cell phone is held in a typical reading position. This harvested power level is more than adequate to enable numerous possible on-body sensors.

Trunk Posture Influences Neck Angle When Reading A Tablet Computer

In 2013, 64% of American households owned a handheld computer device (e-reader, tablet, smartphones, etc.). The presence of these devices has grown more quickly than our understanding of their effects on musculoskeletal disorders. Their use on a tabletop or a person’s lap causes increased head and neck flexion, as well as an inreased gravitational moment produced by the weight of the head (Straker et al., 2009, Young et al., 2012, Vasavada et al., 2015). A limitation to these studies is that they keep a standard trunk position throughout all tasks; however, people can also assume a semi-reclined position when reading a tablet. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a semi-reclined trunk position on neck and head flexion angle, and cervical erector spinae muscle activity. Nineteen participants (10 male, 9 female) read off of a tablet in four postures: with the tablet in their lap, on a tabletop, off of a standard computer monitor, and semi-reclined to an angle of 30 degrees from the vertical. Having the tablet on the lap ( M=16%MVC, SD=8%MVC) significantly increased muscle activity of the cervical erector spinae ( p=.0023) compared to reading off of a monitor or in the semi-reclined position (approximately 10%MVC). Neck and head flexion angles significantly increased ( p&lt;.001) when reading the tablet off the lap (neck M=56.8o, SD=17.3o; head M=53.4o, SD=12.9o) versus the computer (neck M=6.4o, SD=6.4o; head M=8.2o, SD=7.4o), however, the head angle during semi-reclined reading stayed more vertical despite having the highest increase in neck flexion angle (neck M=71.6o, SD=14.0o; head M=19.7o, SD=9.2o). In the semi-reclined position, the gravitational moment of the head is second smallest for the four reading positions. In theory, this is desired as the moment that must be produced by the musculature and surround tissues would be less. The downside to this posture is that many of the neck extensor muscles may still not be in optimal force and moment production position. Many of the neck muscles that assist with extension originate from C5 to T5 and insert on C5 and above (Vasavada et al., 1998). At 30 degrees of neck flexion, the moment generating capability of the spenius and semispinalis muscles are decreased compared to when at a neutral position and fascicle length of splenius cervicis, capitis, and semispinalis capitis muscles experience changes of more than 70% of optimal length (Vasavada et al., 1998). While many of the extensor muscles only show moment arms that vary by 1 cm or less, for some there can be about a 2-3 cm changes as one goes from a flexed to extended neck posture (Vasavada et al., 1998). These combined changes mean that the force producing capabilities of the neck extensor muscles may be compromised a semi-reclined position. Future studies should report torso angle to properly analyze biomechanical risk factors during handheld computer use and compare results between studies.

Effectiveness of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Resection for Residual Esotropia in Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy

To report one surgeon's experiences with bilateral lateral rectus resections in dysthyroid ophthalmopathy patients with residual esotropia after initial bilateral medial rectus recession. Retrospective interventional case series evaluating outcomes. Medical records for patients with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy who underwent bilateral lateral rectus resections for persistent esotropia by a single surgeon from June 2012 to June 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had residual esodeviations following initial bilateral medial rectus recession. The goal of surgery was to obtain fusion in primary gaze and the reading position without prism, with a postoperative deviation equal to or less than 8Δ at distance and a phoria at near without diplopia. Seven of the 9 patients were successful in achieving this goal. Preoperative esotropia before resection ranged from 12Δ to 30Δ (23.1Δ ± 10.3Δ) at distance and-2Δ to 40Δ (14.9Δ ± 12.3Δ) at near. No exodeviation was created at near by the resections, but 1 patient had an asymptomatic exophoria both pre- and postoperatively. Patients with large horizontal misalignment may have residual esodeviations that are too large for correction with recession alone. Given our findings, we believe resection may be an effective tool in resolving esotropia in certain patients with restrictive strabismus.

PREVALENSI PENURUNAN TAJAM PENGLIHATAN PADA SISWA KELAS 3-6 SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 1 MANGGIS, KARANGASEM BALI TAHUN 2014

Background: Visual disturbance in school children can have impacts on long term health status, school performance, and emotional and social development of those children. Despite these facts, there are only few eye examinations performed to assess disturbance of visual acuity in elementary school children. This research aims to observe the prevalence of decreased visual acuity in 3rd-6th grade students of Manggis 1 State Elementary School, District of Manggis, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province year 2014.Method:This Study is a descriptive cross-sectional study with the sample of 120 school children from 3rd – 6th grade students of Manggis I State Elementary School. Data were collected from visual acuity examination using Snellen Chart at the distance of 6 metres and from interview guided by questionnaire form. Result:The prevalence of decreased visual acuity in both right and left eyes of 3rd–6th grade students of Manggis 1 State Elementary School is 70%. The values of decreased visual acuity of the subjects studied vary in the range of 6/30 up to 6/9. The majority of students found to have decreased visual acuity have a mild decreased visual acuity, and are found in the right eyes of 46 students (38,3%) and in the left eyes of 47 students (39,2%). There are some factors that tend to influence the value of visual acuity, they are duration of watching television, reading position, and duration of playing outdoor.Conclusion: There are some students of manggis 1 elementary school who suffer from unrecognized decreased visual acuity. Their parents are advised to bring their children to the nearest eye health care center to examine the visual acuity in order to acquire proper management regarding their decreased visual acuity.

The clinical characteristics and therapeutic effect of "white-eyed" blowout orbital fracture in children

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical efficacy of ( without obvious ecchymosis of conjunctiva and eyelid) blowout fracture in children. Methods The clinical data of 59 patients with blowout orbital fractures, aging 3-18 years old, were retrospectively analyzed. The follow-up time was 6-9 months after the repair surgery for fracture. Results Fifty-nine (54.1%) cases had blowout orbital fracture in 109 children with orbital fractures. The main causes were accidental tumble, assault and car accident. Diplopia was noted in 56 patients accounting for 94.9%, ocular-heart reflex including nausea and vomiting was in 30 patients accounting for 50.1% and ocular motility muscle limitation was in all the patients. There were statistically significant differences in the grading constituent ratios of ocular dyskinesia between the primary position and different scales of ocular motilities (P=0.00). Proved by CT scan, the inferior orbital wall fracture was the most type and occurred in 45 cases (76.3%). Children aging less than 14 years old were more likely to have the inferior orbital wall fracture accounting for 85.0%, which was more than that 57.9% of children aging 14-18 years old (P=0.02). The final visiting was at 6-9 months after the surgery. Twenty-five cases (42.4%) had full ocular motilities and no diplopia. Twenty-four cases (40.7%) had residual diplopia only in peripheral visual field. Ten cases (16.9%) remained diplopia in the primary and reading position though ocular movements improved a lot. There were statistically significant differences in the constituent ratios of binocular single vision among the cases who underwent the surgery at different surgical time (P=0.03). The patients (71.4%) who underwent prompt orbital surgeries within 5 days after initial trauma appeared to have better ocular movement and binocular single vision. Conclusion White-eyed blowout orbital fracture frequently occurs in children and mainly involves the inferior orbital floor. The most important characteristics of white-eyed blowout orbital fracture include symptomatic diplopia with restricted ocular movement, ocular-heart reflex and soft tissue entrapment confirmed by CT scan. The patients who underwent prompt surgeries within 5 days had better ocular movement and binocular single vision. Key words: Orbital fracture, blowout, white-eyed, children; Ocular-heart reflex; Ocular movement; Diplopia

Embodiment in the Museum – What is a Museum?

Challenges to museum curatorial control of meaning, combined with interest in the reading positions of visitors, have led to the growth of interactive interpretation strategies. Such strategies, however, often privilege curatorial pre-determined responses and presuppose that visitors are disembodied, that actual bodies moving through exhibition spaces are not, in fact, the palpable reality of a museum experience. Visitors have a kind of textual invisibility. Consideration of visitor performativity and embodiment in museums poses an exhilarating museological challenge. Museums need to come to terms with the bodily aspects of a museum visit, understanding that visitors enact their narrations of the museum as they walk through it. This paper argues that, by textually denying the corporeal presence of visitors, museums continually misrecognise their own institutional identity as they theorize themselves as separate from the visitor. Examination of the walking visitor shows that a museum is not separate from the visitor, but comes into being through her or his walking presence. What impact does this have on the definition of a museum?

Narrating a Different (Hi)Story

This essay looks at historical, ethical and epistemological counter-discourses in Doris Pilkington's Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence and seeks to establish its ideological implications and political ramifications. This essay's premise is that Aboriginal life-narratives function on two levels, an informative and an affective one. To read these texts as alternative (hi)stories that counter or complement the dominant view on Australian history requires a reading position that is sensitive to their cultural particularities. At the same time, the issue of narrativity in Monika Fludernik's sense, i.e. the representation of experientiality, which distinguishes them from historiographic accounts of the past, needs to be addressed to explain the emotional responses they evoke. This essay therefore argues that a ‘bottom-up’ approach is best suited to capture this dual nature because it allows for an analysis of the ways in which readers are encouraged to identify with the Aboriginal perspective offered by these texts. Through close reading, this essay furthermore seeks to demonstrate how the narrative attempts to expose the ideological underpinnings of white Australian historiography and in particular the hypocrisy of governmental assimilationist policies of the twentieth century. These ideological implications are inextricably linked to the political ramifications Aboriginal life-narratives can have as important interventions, not only in writings about the past, but indirectly also in contemporary politics.

“A Vast ‘Network of Transversals’”: Labyrinthine Aesthetics in Fun Home

Taking a cue from recent Fun Home scholarship, the present study examines the ways in the which the formal and generic conventions of the graphic novel, the autobiography, and the memoir conflict and complement Fun Home ’s consideration of multiple competing ideological, aesthetic, artistic, linguistic, and psychological positions. It ultimately concludes that the formal and generic discrepancies and mutations reify Valerie Rohy’s contention that Fun Home is an example of the “queer archive” by arguing that its purposefully labyrinthian aesthetic encourages a reading position and practice that replicate’s Bechdel’s own act of archival. In other words, the work drops readers in the middle of a labyrinth of references, texts, images, individuals, monsters, and madmen and seals up the door, leaving the smallest of “clews” to aid the reader in reorienting him or herself and finding a way out of the maze. At the same time, however, the work implies a yearning to return and stay, to forego the exit, turn back around and get lost once more, marking it as celebrated labyrinth and feverish queer archive, a source of both indescribable joy and absolute destruction: both Fun Home and Fun.(eral) Home.

Abstract 4872: Improving bioinformatic analysis pipelines for calling somatic mutations in tumors and tumor derived cell lines

Abstract The use of massively parallel sequencing data (MPS) is a common technique for identifying genetic alterations in disease. A number of tools and resources have been developed to assist in variant identification, but most are not specifically designed for somatic cancer studies. Tumor samples often suffer from admixture and heterogeneity, and tumor DNA often is derived from formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples rather than fresh samples, which introduces artificial bias. These confounders require adjustments to variant quality filtering to ensure a confident call set, but no universal guidelines exist for bioinformatics analyses. In addition, no single tool characterizes the spectrum of possible DNA-based alterations in tumors, specifically single nucleotide variants, small to medium sized indels, large genomic rearrangements and copy number alterations. To address these issues, we compared several methods of bioinformatic analysis using whole exome and targeted high-throughput sequencing data from various tumor and tumor-derived cell line studies. Using a data sets with known somatic alterations, we developed modifications to best practices guidelines for the publically available Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) for use in tumor and cell line variant calling. The haplotype score annotation was removed from all filtering consideration due to its expectance of no more than two segregating haplotypes at a given site, which, for example, caused all known BRAF V600 mutations to be removed. Scores from the read position rank sum test required a reduced filter threshold due to presence of high alternate allele fractions, which may contribute an artificial bias for this annotation value. Where applicable, we combined GATK results with calls from MuTect to increase specificity of the somatic changes identified as well as further increase sensitivity to singleton mutations. Finally, we have analyzed three methods to detect large genomic rearrangements and copy number changes (Pindel, ngCGH, and Sequenza) from MPS data, and found inconsistent results which require further scrutiny. In conclusion, we have developed a somatic variant calling pipeline which includes several modifications to the best practices in standard variant calling algorithms to enhance the sensitivity and specificity for somatic variant calling of the entire range of DNA-based alterations in tumors. Citation Format: Bradley Wubbenhorst. Improving bioinformatic analysis pipelines for calling somatic mutations in tumors and tumor derived cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4872. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4872

Young children talk about their popular cartoon and TV heroes' speech styles: media reception and language attitudes

Considering the role of popular cultural texts in shaping sociolinguistic reality, it makes sense to explore how children actually receive those texts and what conceptualisations of sociolinguistic diversity they form through those texts. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine Greek young children's views on sociolinguistic diversity in popular cartoons and TV series. Drawing upon a framework of media reception, we explored how attention to the ways children at age six interpret mediated representations of sociolinguistic difference might provide a methodological addition to tools used for investigating language attitudes and ideologies. From the analysis of children's interviews, it was found that they can easily distinguish between different dimensions of sociolinguistic difference, showing an enhanced sociolinguistic awareness. On the other hand, their reading positions seemed to be in acceptance with the meanings conveyed in the texts. Moreover, our findings suggest that children tended to make hegemonic readings of popular cultural texts, premising many of their evaluations on the ways in which sociolinguistic diversity was represented in the text (e.g. plot, characterisation). The implications of these findings for the role of popular culture in the shaping of children's language attitudes are discussed.