Letter Reading Research Articles

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Literasi Dasar Membaca dan Minat Baca Siswa dengan Metode Adaptasi PRAHTAM-TARL

Based on PISA’s data, Indonesia's level of literacy is currently low, especially among elementary students because teachers’ media and method are outdated. This problem is occuring at SDN Bandar Kidul 2. Based on the observation, many students are still unable to read and known the letter. The number of students who visit the school library is low. The government has advised teachers to learn by using a variety of teaching techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of Pratham-TaRL method in improving reading comprehension and interest among students in 2nd grade at SDN Bandar Kidul 2. The research used a descriptive with qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through oral tests using initial literacy assessment instruments to determine students' comprehension. Questionnaires and document data were collected to assess students' reading interests. The results of the study suggest that implementing this model will increase student’s reading comprehension. The participants have shown promising reading comprehension ranging from reading letters to words 29%, words to paragraphs 11%, and paragraphs to texts 45%. It has influenced the students' reading interest, by measuring the increasing 37% number of students who visit the school library each week.

「曠野」에 나타난 시적 주체와 노래의 장소성

This paper examined the poetic subject and the placeness of the song revealed in 「曠野」[Gwangya] from the perspective of readers who read Lee Yuk-sa's poem 「曠野」 aloud. Rhythm is also essential in modern poetry as a verse. Therefore, we have to read modern poetry aloud as well as with our eyes. Readers could sense voice text 「Gwangya」 by reading letter text 「Gwangya」 aloud. Letter text 「Gwangya」 is a seed of voice text 「Gwangya」 that is a song. The poem 「曠野」[Gwangya] is “the seed of the song” and the song 「광야」[Gwangya] makes a sound and disappears for a certain period of time. That certain time is important. When the reader sings 「광야」, 「曠野」 collects songs with centripetal force or scatters songs with centrifugal force as the place of the poetic subject. 「曠野」, an empty place where nothing can be heard, moves freely as various meanings in space and time of readers by driving readers to make a voice.

Identifying students with dyslexia: exploration of current assessment methods.

Early identification plays a crucial role in providing timely support to students with learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, in order to overcome their reading difficulties. However, there is significant variability in the methods used for identifying dyslexia. This study aimed to explore and understand the practices of dyslexia identification in the UK. A survey was conducted among 274 dyslexia professionals, including educational psychologists and dyslexia specialists, to investigate the types of assessments they employ, their approach to utilizing assessment data, their decision-making processes, and their conceptualization of dyslexia. Additionally, the study examined whether these professionals held any misconceptions or myths associated with dyslexia. Analysis of the survey data revealed substantial variability in how professionals conceptualize dyslexia, as well as variations in assessment methods. Furthermore, a significant proportion of the survey respondents subscribed to one or more misconceptions regarding dyslexia; the most common misconception identified among professionals was the belief that children with dyslexia read letters in reverse order. The findings highlight the need for standardized approaches to dyslexia identification and debunking prevailing misconceptions. The implications of these findings are discussed, emphasizing the importance of informed policy and practice in supporting students with dyslexia. Recommendations are provided to enhance consistency and accuracy in dyslexia identification, with the aim of facilitating early intervention and support for affected students.

Erotic Black Diaspora

“The Erotic Black Diaspora: From Your Hands to Mine” is a theoretical exploration of how the erotic informs Black feminist politics, kinship, love, and spirituality throughout the African diaspora. Through an interdisciplinary approach rooted in literary studies, history, African and African diaspora studies, women’s and gender studies, and Black queer studies, as well as archival research, a close reading of letters sent to Black feminist, writer, and poet Audre Lorde reveals how the erotic functions within Black feminist spaces, particularly in the late 1970s–mid 1980s. In using Audre Lorde’s definition of the erotic, as she defines it in “Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power,” this paper argues that the Erotic Black Diaspora is a way of reading Black feminist love, language, and action. Recognizing the diversity within Afro-diasporic experiences, the Erotic Black Diaspora privileges the erotic (platonic and/or romantic) feelings and expressions across continents cultivated between same-sex-loving and queer individuals throughout the African diaspora. Positioning Black feminist archives, in particular correspondence sent between Black feminist foremothers, as a counter-archive to institutions of oppression informs one’s understanding of the ethics of Black feminist politics, love, spirituality, and community building.

Improving Al-Qur'an Literacy: CTL Model, Digital Al-Qur'an, and Short Surah Reading Skills in PAI Learning

The purpose of this study was to improve the Short Letter Reading Skills through Digital Qur'an and overall student learning outcomes. The role of PAI teachers in the use of the CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) model shows the importance of the real context according to the situation in the environment by the students themselves in identifying problems in life so that the concepts received by students are more meaningful. This research is in the form of a quantitative experiment with the research subjects of 8th grade students of MINQU Gumukmas Junior High School in Gumukmas-Jember, academic year 2023/2024. The data in this study are quantitative data obtained from tests of students' knowledge and understanding through questionnaire tests. The results of the percentage of success of this study show: (1) the effect of the CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) Model on improving students' Short Letter Reading Skills through Digital Al Qur'an was 83.2%, (2) the effect of the CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) Model on improving students' PAI Learning Outcomes was 72.5%, and (3) the effect of the CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) Model on improving Short Letter Reading Skills through Digital Al Qur'an and students' Learning Outcomes together was 84.2%. This means that the application of the CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) Model in improving Short Letter Reading Skills through Digital Al Qur'an and Student Learning Outcomes has a significant effect

Point/counterpoint: Should we stop writing and reading letters of recommendation for residency selection?

Point/counterpoint: Should we stop writing and reading letters of recommendation for residency selection?

An Investigation of the Cross-Language Transfer of Reading Skills: Evidence from a Study in Nigerian Government Primary Schools

This paper investigates the linguistic interdependence of Grade 3 children studying in government primary schools in northern Nigeria who are learning to read in Hausa (L1) and English (L2) simultaneously. There are few studies in the African context that consider linguistic interdependence and the bidirectional influences of literacy skills in multilingual contexts. A total of 2328 Grade 3 children were tested on their Hausa and English letter sound knowledge (phonemes) and reading decoding skills (word) after participating in a two-year English structured reading intervention programme as part of their school day. In Grade 4, these children will become English immersion learners, with English becoming the medium of instruction. Carrying out bivariate correlations, we find a large and strongly positively significant correlation between L1 and L2 test scores. Concerning bidirectionality, a feedback path model illustrates that the L1 word score predicts the L2 word score and vice versa. Multi-level modelling is then used to consider the variation in test scores. Almost two thirds of the variation in the word score is attributable to the pupil level and one third to the school level. The Hausa word score is significantly predicted through Hausa sound and English word score. English word score is significantly predicted through Hausa word and English sound score. The findings have implications for language policy and classroom instruction, showing the importance of cross-language transfer between reading skills. The overall results support bidirectionality and linguistic interdependence.

Pearls and pitfalls in letters of recommendation for neurology residency applications

Letters of recommendation are a cornerstone of residency applications. Variability and bias in letters exists across specialties, neurology being no exception. Studies done in other specialty fields assessing nuanced language uncovered key attention points for improvement and mitigation of bias, lessons from which should be applied in the field of neurology. We review common pearls and pitfalls in the letter solicitation, writing and reading process, with suggested best-practices for residency applicants, letter writers, and program faculty reviewers. We advocate for the thoughtful selection of writers, emphasis on highlighting professional skills, and attention to implicit bias. This discussion focuses on recommendations for US advanced or categorical neurology programs, but elements of this guidance may apply more broadly to fellowship and faculty promotion letters as well.

Augmented Reality Based Personalized Learning in Autism Spectrum Disorder Reading Skills

Reading can be a way to increase students’ social interaction and writing, especially for those continuing to a higher level of education. More recent research shows that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have a variety of reading profiles that differ across a range of reading sub-skills. Meanwhile, the school teaching system provides one-size-fits-all learning for students with different abilities. This study aimed to test the use of personalized learning model-based Augmented Reality (AR) in supporting the learning of early reading skills in aspects of reading words, syllables, and letters. Four students with ASD participated in various cross-behavioral investigations. Data was collected based on early reading skills in words, syllables, and letters using the Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) instrument, which had been adjusted according to the children’s abilities (three groups of children). Participants went through baseline-1 sessions, AR interventions, and baseline-2. The results show increased student learning outcomes in reading words and syllables. However, there was no significant increase in learning outcomes regarding recognizing letters.

Implementasi Tradisi Wirid Yasin (Yasinan) di Desa Kota Bangun Sebagai Kajian Living Al-Qur’an

This study aims to find out what is the basis for Kota Bangun Village to carry out this routine activity. Can it be said as an effort to revive the Qur'an or not. The results of this journal are that the implementation of Yasin’s wirid activities which are carried out every Friday night in Kota Bangun village includes efforts to revive the Qur’an among the local communicaty. This is also called the study of living Al-Qur’an. This study uses a cumulative research method, which is a study that focuses on observations that produce data in the form of sentences and words and seeks to explain and interpret the objects of observation according to the data produced. Based on the results of the data, it was stated that the Yasin wirid activity was carried out to spread the religion of Islam, as a means of inviting residents to goodness, getting closer to Allah, and establishing friendship between residents of Kota Bangun Village. This activity was also carried out on the basis of several hadiths which predict the reading of Yasin's letter on Friday nights. Even though these hadiths are weak in quality, there is nothing wrong with being used as a basis for doing something good.

The dynamics of multiword sequence extraction.

Being able to process multiword sequences is central for both language comprehension and production. Numerous studies support this claim, but less is known about the way multiword sequences are acquired, and more specifically how associations between their constituents are established over time. Here we adapted the Hebb naming task into a Hebb lexical decision task to study the dynamics of multiword sequence extraction. Participants had to read letter strings presented on a computer screen and were required to classify them as words or pseudowords. Unknown to the participants, a triplet of words or pseudowords systematically appeared in the same order and random words or pseudowords were inserted between two repetitions of the triplet. We found that response times (RTs) for the unpredictable first position in the triplet decreased over repetitions (i.e., indicating the presence of a repetition effect) but more slowly and with a different dynamic compared with items appearing at the predictable second and third positions in the repeated triplet (i.e., showing a slightly different predictability effect). Implicit and explicit learning also varied as a function of the nature of the triplet (i.e., unrelated words, pseudowords, semantically related words, or idioms). Overall, these results provide new empirical evidence about the dynamics of multiword sequence extraction, and more generally about the role of statistical learning in language acquisition.

Implementation of the Calistung Program in Phase A at the Sekolah Penggerak Program and the Sekolah Pengimbas Program

<em>This research was conducted at SDN Balerejo 02 Madiun as a Driving School and SDN Garon 02 Madiun as a Driving School. The research approach applied is qualitative research with a case study design. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by applying a descriptive qualitative interactive model approach through the steps of data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion: drawing/verifying. The research results show that the implementation of the Calistung program in phase A at Driving Schools and Imposing Schools is carried out by providing additional hours after teaching and learning activities on certain days. The implementation of the Calistung program uses contextual/real learning methods accompanied by several reading books, letter cards and number cards. The teacher also provides books that students are interested in as reading sources, introducing numbers using basic arithmetic operations. The obstacles to implementing the Calistung are difficulties in providing learning media, the use of inappropriate methods, and various types of assessments. Another obstacle is the lack of availability of suitable books.</em>

ADAB AHLUL QUR’AN PERSPEKTIF IMAM NAWAWI

The Qur'an is the book of the best morals and adab of all time. The ultimate miracle, the noblest reading, a manual that will guide us in our daily life until the end of the world. Imam Nawawi is a pious and pious scholar, he is also referred to as a scholar who is very productive in terms of writing. So it is not surprising that his works are numerous, popular, printed continuously and used as the main source in religious studies (Islamic studies). One of his works is the Book of Tibyan Fii Adabi Hamalatil Qur'an as the main reference in this research. This paper aims to reveal how Adab Ahlu Al-Qur'an is from Imam Nawawi's perspective and how Imam Nawawi narrates the contents of his book. This research is included in library research (library research). With data collection techniques using documentation studies of books and texts from the Book of Tibyan Fii Adabi Hamalatil Qur'an and content analysis. It turns out that as a whole the book talks about the manners and morals of a teacher, student, lover and practitioner of the Qur'an (ahlul qur’an). Imam Nawawi's perspective between teachers and students must have adab and morals when interacting with the Qur'an. The contents of the book include: the virtue of reading and memorizing it, the virtue of qira’ah and ahlul qira’ah, the obligation to glorify the ahlul qur'an, adab for teachers, students, and memorizing of the Qur'an, adab of reading the Qur'an, adab towards the Al-Qur'an 'an, recommendations for reading verses and letters at certain times, writing and ennobling the Al-Qur'an mushaf.

The Donati-Ardinghelli Wedding of 1465: A Closer Reading of Braccio Martelli's Letter of April 27 to Lorenzo de’ Medici

This article offers an intensive—although still not exhaustive—reading of a letter written to the adolescent Lorenzo de’ Medici by Braccio Martelli, a member of his brigata. It is a document that focuses on the celebrations accompanying the wedding of Lucrezia Donati, the object of Lorenzo's affections, to Niccolò Ardinghelli, an anti-Medicean living in exile. I examine some of the letter's multiple overlapping topics and contexts, including private sociability (wedding practices, music, dance, dress), the trophy status of Lucrezia, sexual and political tensions, and the ties between the letter writer and his addressee in terms of client/patron and homosocial relations.

A Proposed Reading of Lachish Letter 4

Lachish Letter 4 is mostly legible and understandable, save one word, וידע, the punctuation and object of which are still controversial. Here, I suggest it should be read וְיָדַע and that its object is Šemaʻyāhū, a high-ranking army officer who came from Jerusalem to the Maresha Fortress in order to study Judah’s western defense lines. This proposition is supported by syntactical analogies with contemporaneous biblical verses. Thus interpreted, I propose that Lachish Letter 4 is not an alarming note on the fall of the Azekah Fortress, as some scholars argue, but a routine progress report on orders issued by the regional commander in Lachish.

Assessment and Integrated Model of Language Components: Implications for Basic and Special Education Services in Mexico

VALUTAZIONE E MODELLO INTEGRATO DI COMPONENTI DEL LINGUAGGIO: IMPLICAZIONI PER I SERVIZI DI EDUCAZIONE BASICA E SPECIALE IN MESSICO Abstract Language development is important in a person’s life because it is the basis for some learning processes; failure to achieve optimal levels of language development can result in problems related to reading. The present study had two main objectives: first, to assess the communication skills corresponding to the different language components, as well as their relationship with the literacy learning process in children; and second, to explain the relationship between oral communication skills, letter knowledge and reading ability. To achieve this goal, we examined reading ability, letter knowledge, and oral communication skills through three different instruments. We evaluated total of 121 children enrolled in three different elementary in Hermosillo, Mexico schools were evaluated. Among the findings, 54.5% of the participants scored less than one standard deviation below the mean in language development, indicating a possible delay in the reading skills. The results of our model also confirmed that reading ability is predicted by letter knowledge and oral communication skills. The model suggests that letter knowledge has an indirect effect on the relationship between oral communication skills and reading ability.

Laiškai iš praeities: Justino Marcinkevičiaus laiškai mokytojai Genovaitei Andrašiūnienei

Nowadays, the long-standing communication by letters has changed a lot. A couple of decades ago, writing letters to another city, country or simply to someone who lives further away was a completely normal activity. Today, paper letters are usually only documents or postcards. Thus, it is interesting and meaningful to study letters as a disappearing form of communication. Researching letters is interesting for representatives of various branches of science. Investigating ego documents, especially letters, gives us an opportunity to find out more about the past communication, sender and receiver of the letter and the general discourse of the researched period. Reading letters, especially letters written by famous public figures, is interesting not only for the scientists, but also for the regular readers. Furthermore, it justifies the taboo set by social norms – prohibited reading of stranger’s letters.
 The subject of this article are the letters of the Lithuanian poet Justinas Marcinkevičius to his teacher Andrašiūnienė, written in 1949–1961, after leaving Prienai to study at Vilnius University. Andrašiūnienė was a famous intelligent of Prienai district, a teacher of the Lithuanian language, who financially and morally supported her talented students, including famous poet Marcinkevičius and linguist Jonas Kazlauskas. The leads of the existence of these letters circulated among the people of Prienai for many years, until a few years ago they accidentally came into poet’s family hands (Marcinkevičius himself did not know about the existence of these letters). There are 44 letters of Marcinkevičius to teacher Andrašiūnienė, which were written while he was studying at Vilnius University. 43 letters are perfectly preserved, but one is no longer legible, because a third of the text is damaged.
 The research of the letters reveals a close relationship between young poet Marcinkevičius and his teacher: a son-mother relationship. Marcinkevičius’ choice to call the teacher mother, mommy, confirms the fact that he is missing for mother’s care and attention (he lost his real mother in his early adolescence). Andrašiūnienė was not only a financial supporter, guardian, but also the first critic of the young poet’s writing. This critique significantly formed poets’ personality.
 The young poet’s letters reveal his talent for writing: the texts are fluent and literary. Also, there are a lot of stories about his achievements and creative downfalls. Marcinkevičius is carefully writing about his negative position towards the ideology of the time. It is interesting to read letters where Marcinkevičius is arguing and getting angry with his teacher. These letters reveal the rebellious side of the poet, which is completely unexpected. The opportunity to look at Marcinkevičius’ youth by reading his letters deepens the knowledge of the change of the poet’s work and the formation of his personality.

Evaluasi Pembelajaran Tahsin di Ma’had Al-Jami’ah UIN Ar-Raniry

The taḥsin program is a program that focuses on reading the AlQuran that is good and correct, as well as motivating it to always read it, providing an understanding of the explanations of the laws contained in the science of tajwid both in terms of letter makharijul, ṣifatul huruf, reading law, fashahah and direction. mahasantri to memorize juz 30. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the implementation of the evaluation of the taḥsin program at the Mahasantri Ma'had Al-Jami'ah UIN Ar-Raniry, (2) to analyze the results of the achievement of the taḥsin program on the mahasantri Ma'had Al -Jami'ah UIN Ar-Raniry, (3) to analyze the difficulties experienced by students in learning taḥsin at Ma'had Al-Jami'ah UIN Ar-Raniry. This research method uses qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach. Data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The results showed that the evaluation was carried out in 2 ways, namely theory and practice (tilawah), for the theory test which included questions related to Tajweed science, while for practice (recitation) was given maqra' for the Al-Qur'an reading test with an assessment including makharijul huruf, punctuation marks,mad, ghunnah and others. (2) The results of the evaluation of the mahasantri taḥsin learning at Ma'had Al-Jami'ah UIN Ar-Raniry, the number of mahasantri graduations was 773 out of 1266 students, 492 (3) The difficulty is in terms of the learning media used considering the conditions and situations in the COVID-19 state that are not possible in the learning process. Examples of internet networks, limitations and psychological closeness between teachers and students, not focusing on learning, not being serious in learning and triggering students to not be able to understand learning as a whole and making students often forget the material that has been studied.

IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN AL-QUR’AN DI SD IT KARAKTER ANAK SHALEH KOTA PADANG

One of the advantages of technological progress is that it facilitates the rapid dissemination of new information. The availability of detrimental information has a negative impact on children's growth and development. Many videos depict violent and immoral acts, as well as teenagers' social interactions that are contrary to the values of Indonesian society and its culture. The focus of the research is how to incorporate the study of the Koran into the character education program at SD IT Character for Children of Saleh, Padang City. The implementation of character education at SD IT Shaleh Children's Character in Padang City is described using a qualitative research approach. Location in Padang City, West Sumatra, with a sample size of 47 students at the Shaleh Children's Character IT Elementary School. Data collection was carried out through careful observation, in-depth interviews and thorough documentation. Activities at SD IT which aim to instill the values of the Koran in children include teaching the ethics of reading prayers and letters, encouraging five daily prayers, and modeling the life of Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam on how to do it. they must behave well, and reward good behavior and punish bad. Targhib and tarhib methods as well as dialogue and stories are used in forming Al-Qur'an characters for early childhood at SD IT.

Chief Manuel's 1651 Timucua Letter: The Oldest Letter in a Native Language of the United States

Abstract: In 1651, Don Manuel wrote a letter. There was nothing remarkable about that feat, except that now his words are considered noteworthy because he was a Timucua chief, writing in the Timucua language from his Timucua town. But his actions at the time drew no special attention. After all, he was not the only Timucua chief to engage in an epistolary exchange; Timucua leaders often corresponded with Spanish officials and even with other Native peoples via letters. Perhaps then what is most remarkable about this text is that it has survived. The 1651 Timucua letter is not an unknown source, but any examination or analysis of this epistle has relied almost exclusively on the Spanish translation that accompanied it. This article offers a new reading and translation of Don Manuel's letter, allowing the 1651 text to be accessed in its original form for the first time in close to 400 years. Combining two methodologies, linguistic anthropology and history, helps center the role that literacy played in Timucua society and transforms Don Manuel's epistolary discourse into an innovative lens from which to examine Timucua words, syntax, and grammar, as well as Spanish-Timucua interactions. The 1651 Timucua letter is thus a testament to both the destructive effects of colonialism and the enduring power of Native languages, epistemologies, and politics.