Readiness Index Research Articles

Correlation among components of the Indonesian industry readiness index 4.0 and its implementation on socioeconomic along with the demographic aspects

PurposeThis study aims to analyze how ready a firm is to transform into Industry 4.0 using the Readiness Index (INDI 4.0) assessment. It also investigates the differences (before and after) of the program “Making Indonesia 4.0” in 2018 in socioeconomic and demographic aspects.Design/methodology/approachThe INDI 4.0 assessment involved a self-evaluation by 622 companies across 13 industry sectors, subsequently verified by the Ministry of Industry. This study incorporates discussions with industry experts to enhance the interpretation of the analytical findings.FindingsThis study explores the interrelation among the components of INDI 4.0 across different levels, assessing the readiness of each sector for Industry 4.0. The findings reveal the diverse impact of implementing Industry 4.0 in Indonesia on socioeconomic and demographic aspects. Furthermore, the study proposes several policy recommendations for the Indonesian government’s consideration.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s scope is confined to the industrial context of Indonesia, as the assessment components are tailored to the specific characteristics and culture of the country’s industry. Subsequent research endeavors can leverage this study as a foundational reference, adapting the components to align with the particular interests of other nations.Practical implicationsBusinesses, especially those in Indonesia, can employ these findings to evaluate their position in the context of Industry 4.0 transformation compared to their industry. Simultaneously, the Indonesian government can use these results as a starting point to evaluate and potentially enhance their policies related to Industry 4.0. We recommend five policy proposals for the Indonesian government: diversifying measurement models, shifting terminology, emphasizing soft skills, promoting continuous learning and implementing Center of Digital Industry Indonesia 4.0 (PIDI 4.0) initiatives.Social implicationsThis study offers a broad impact of Industry 4.0 implementation in socioeconomic and demographic aspects in Indonesia, such as income, job-shifting, age, educational background and gender.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, no prior research has explored the repercussions of industrial implementation on socioeconomic and demographic facets.

Sme’s Readiness To Adopt Technology: A Systematic Literature Review And Future Research Directions

The aim of this research is to identify the influence of optimism and innovation on the intention to use technology in SMEs. In addition, this research also explains existing gaps in the literature with a special focus on the SME context. A search for relevant literature was carried out using the main search terms,“Technology Readiness Index”, “SME’s”, “Technology Acceptance Model” and “e-commerce”. The study results show that there is a positive relationship between intention to use technology and positive TR constructs (optimism, innovation), perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Apart from that, there are moderating variables, namely gender and generation, as well as mediating variables: performance expectations, effort expectations, condition of facilities, quality of trust. education, age, income. The limitation of this research is that the researcher missed information related to the theory of readiness and acceptance of technology other than TR and TAM, so it had to be usedkeyword additions to make the research more comprehensive. This research provides practical implications, namely that it can contribute and evaluate in increasing readiness for technology adoption. This research also provides information and contributions in developing theories about TRI (Technology Readiness Index) and TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). This systematic literature review highlights important knowledge gaps that need to be explored especially in the context of technology adoption readiness for SMEs.

Methodology for selecting the method of mirror antenna protection in SHF-EHF bands from meteorological precipitations

Exhaustion of SHF band capabilities in the organization of space communication channels necessitated the transition to the lower part of the EHF band (up to 95 GHz). At the transition stage space channel antennas function in the dual frequency range. This leads to the fact that the methods of protection of ground sector mirror antennas from the impact of meteorological factors should take into account the peculiarities of propagation of millimeter-wave radio waves in the layer of precipitation that can occur in the antenna reflector. For a scientifically justified choice of the method of protection there should be a methodology that allows taking into account both electrodynamic peculiarities of propagation of radio waves of SHF and EHF ranges, and meteorological peculiarities of the antenna location. The latter determines the relevance of the proposed research topic. The objective of the article is ensuring minimum power losses and fulfillment of the rain unavailability index of the mirror antenna of the SHF-EHF wavelength bands of space communication channels by means of a reasonable choice of the method of protection against the impact of meteorological precipitation characteristic of the antenna location. It has been shown that the functioning of mirror antennas of satellite ground stations in the dual frequency range of SHF-EHF makes it obligatory to take into account the peculiarities of propagation of millimeter-wave range waves in water formations when choosing methods of protection from the effects of meteorological precipitation. The most important of these features is the increase in energy losses of millimeter-wave radio waves in the layer of water formations, the thickness of which becomes comparable to the wavelength. In addition, the methods of antenna protection should also take into account the peculiarities of digital communication lines, in particular, the fulfillment of an additional requirement (rain readiness index), assuming the restoration of the operating state of the reflector within a time of up to 10 s. The above features allowed us to formulate a criterion for a scientifically justified choice of the method of protection of the antenna of dual frequency range. The developed methodology for selecting the method of protection of the mirror antenna of the dual wavelength range is based on the theory of meteorological electromagnetism. This allows not only modeling the radio wave energy losses in the layer of precipitation taking into account strict electrodynamic models, but also assigning the parameters of the layer of water formations (thickness, type of precipitation) taking into account the climatic features of the location of the mirror antenna. Thus, the developed method provides the following algorithm for selecting the method of protection. By geographic coordinates the climatic region of antenna location is determined. For abnormal climatic regions (temperature from ‑60° to +50°, wind force up to 70 m/s, snow load up to 250 kg/m3) the application of radio transparent shelter (radome) is an alternative protection method. For other climatic regions the choice of the method of protection of the mirror antenna implies three steps: 1) estimation of energy losses in the precipitation layer on the antenna reflector at refusal of protection methods (maximum possible losses); 2) calculation of the complex criterion; 3) selection from the proposed table of the method that most fully satisfies the criterion and is the most effective for the climatic region of antenna placement. The proposed methodology allows on a scientific basis to choose the method of protection of mirror antennas of the dual frequency SHF-EHF range taking into account the meteorological features of the climatic region of its location.

COVID-19 pandemic and Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR): Reflection on the challenges and opportunities in South Africa.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has changed people's interactions dramatically, be it with the government, the outside world, or one another. It has compelled society to change the standards for decision-making in areas such as health and education, and how people live, work, play, and do business. As a result of the new behavioral patterns imposed by governments around the world, including the South African government, there has been technological advancement through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). In South Africa, key economic sectors such as healthcare, education, and finance have served as digital change engines. Without a doubt, technology has been able to halt the spread of the virus. The main objective of this paper is to raise awareness of 4IR and to identify opportunities presented by 4IR for South Africa and the challenges presented by 4IR in resolving COVID-19 issues. It examines the relationship between evolving technological advances brought about by 4IR and COVID-19. Following a review of the relevant literature, the study's findings revealed that prior to the pandemic, several sectors were wary of, and slow to accept, 4IR. Despite the benefits of 4IR, many African countries face difficulties across various sectors. Almost all African countries are unprepared for 4IR, with the exception of South Africa, which is considered partially ready and ranks 22nd on the automation readiness index. African countries that have embraced digital transformation have cited South Africa as a case study due to its adoption of 4IR. Despite the benefits, several barriers to the adoption and use of 4IR technologies have been identified in developing countries, including South Africa, which has the opportunity to adopt consistent 4IR.

Craft Product Development to Overcome Business Challenges in Eastern Indonesia

In the pursuit of Indonesia's ambitious "Indonesia 2045 Vision," this comprehensive research initiative focuses on empowering craft artisans and micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Eastern Indonesia through design innovation. The region, with its vast natural beauty and cultural heritage, is earmarked for development to contribute more significantly to the nation's economy. This study examines the challenges and opportunities in Eastern Indonesia's craft sector and outlines a structured approach to enhance it. Traditional crafts, particularly weaving and handwoven fabric, play a crucial role in sustaining local livelihoods. However, a balance must be struck between production efforts and economic returns, given varying selling prices. Handwoven fabric exhibits higher adaptability to market demand. The research underscores the importance of product direction, sample creation, and quality control in the iterative design process, emphasizing the need for regular communication with artisans. To streamline support, a Product Development Readiness Index is proposed, allowing designers to allocate resources effectively based on artisans' capabilities. In conclusion, this research lays the foundation for enhancing Eastern Indonesia's craft industry through design innovation, aligning with the country's long-term vision. Future research opportunities encompass interdisciplinary collaboration, market diversification, sustainability, and policy analysis to further enrich the craft sector's development.

Searching for complexity. Application of the set-theory to the analysis of urban mobility readiness index

Numerous initiatives have been developed to monitor the sustainability performance of cities, with rankings and indicators emerging as crucial tools for understanding complex urban phenomena. However, these indices require deeper analytical methods to fully interpret their results. This study highlights the application of Set-Theory methods, specifically Qualitative Comparative Analysis with process-tracing in analyzing the Urban Mobility Readiness Index (UMR) across 60 cities for 2021 and 2022. Our primary achievement is the demonstration of Set-Theory´s ability to unravel the causal complexity in urban dynamics. We find that urban mobility readiness and its negation are not determined by singular conditions but by a combination of conditions. Necessary conditions such as infrastructure and socioeconomic factors have been identified, which are critical for achieving a higher level of readiness in the UMR, and its negation. Cities lacking these conditions are less likely to reach the desired level for sustainable development. Additionally, we reveal that certain conditions serve beyond scope definitions, actively triggering causal mechanisms for both readiness and its negation. This insight underscores the multifaceted nature of urban sustainability, guiding cities towards effective strategies for sustainable development. Our study thus contributes a nuanced understanding of urban mobility, essential for policymakers and urban planners.

Self-care and minor ailments: The view from Canada

This manuscript offers a glimpse into the Canadian healthcare system, emphasizing the prevalence and management of minor ailments through self-care practices. The first section outlines the strengths and challenges of the healthcare system, including access issues and escalating costs. The second section explores self-care in Canada, outlines the Self-Care Readiness Index, and Canadians' proactive management of common conditions through self-care activities, including the use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. Consumer behaviors, preferences, and the thriving OTC market are discussed. It also discusses existing programs and initiatives encouraging self-care. While lacking a coordinated national strategy, various organizations, including Health Canada, have taken steps to regulate and promote self-care products. The role of pharmacies, industry groups, and public health campaigns in fostering self-care is explored, along with public access to OTC medicines, Rx-to-OTC switching, and consumer expectations related to such medicines. Factors influencing self-care and self-medication are explored, focusing on access to medical care, public perceptions of OTC medicines, and the public's ability to engage in appropriate actions. The crucial role of pharmacists in minor ailment care is examined. Insights are provided into Canada's healthcare landscape, emphasizing the significance of self-care in managing minor ailments. The public has access to many resources on how to engage in self-care and deal with minor ailments, but a formal system to promote them is lacking. The findings prompt considerations for future healthcare policies and public health campaigns, highlighting the evolving nature of healthcare practices in the nation.

Changes in health facility readiness for obstetric and neonatal care services in Nepal: an analysis of cross-sectional health facility survey data in 2015 and 2021

BackgroundNepal is committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030 target 3.1 of reducing the maternal mortality ratio to 70 deaths per 100,000 live births. Along with increasing access to health facility (HF)-based delivery services, improving HF readiness is critically important. The majority of births in Nepal are normal low-risk births and most of them take place in public HFs, as does the majority of maternal deaths. This study aims to assess changes in HF readiness in Nepal between 2015 and 2021, notably, if HF readiness for providing high-quality services for normal low-risk deliveries improved; if the functionality of basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care (BEmONC) services increased; and if infection prevention and control improved.MethodsCross-sectional data from two nationally representative HF-based surveys in 2015 and 2021 were analyzed. This included 457 HFs in 2015 and 804 HFs in 2021, providing normal low-risk delivery services. Indices for HF readiness for normal low-risk delivery services, BEmONC service functionality, and infection prevention and control were computed. Independent sample T-test was used to measure changes over time. The results were stratified by public versus private HFs.ResultsDespite a statistically significant increase in the overall HF readiness index for normal low-risk delivery services, from 37.9% in 2015 to 43.7%, in 2021, HF readiness in 2021 remained inadequate. The availability of trained providers, essential medicines for mothers, and basic equipment and supplies was high, while that of essential medicines for newborns was moderate; availability of delivery care guidelines was low. BEmONC service functionality did not improve and remained below five percent facility coverage at both time points. In private HFs, readiness for good quality obstetrical care was higher than in public HFs at both time points. The infection prevention and control index improved over time; however, facility coverage in 2021 remained below ten percent.ConclusionsThe slow progress and sub-optimal readiness for normal, low-risk deliveries and infection prevention and control, along with declining and low BEmONC service functionality in 2021 is reflective of poor quality of care and provides some proximate explanation for the moderately high maternal mortality and the stagnation of neonatal mortality in Nepal. To reach the SDG 2030 target of reducing maternal deaths, Nepal must hasten its efforts to strengthen supply chain systems to enhance the availability and utilization of essential medicines, equipment, and supplies, along with guidelines, to bolster the human resource capacity, and to implement mechanisms to monitor quality of care. In general, the capacity of local governments to deliver basic healthcare services needs to be increased.

Evaluasi Kesiapan Dan Penerimaan Pengguna Sistem Informasi Management Tugas Akhir (SIMTEKNIK) Menggunakan Metode TRAM (Technology Readiness Acceptance Model)

SIMTEKNIK is an information system used by students of the Faculty of Engineering of the poor university of Muhammadiyah University which is usually used for activities related to the demands of the final project or thesis. SIMTEKNIK itself is a new information system that is used so that where there are found a number of system-related problems such as interface the existingthat is not yetenough friendly, and is less comfortable with the display of color writing to the system design, difficulty finding multiple menus when first used up to the waiting time when uploading files including long. Based on these problems, it is necessary to do an analysis to find out how user acceptance and readiness of SIMTEKNIK. Analysis of user readiness and acceptance needs to be done because the first step that must be done in implementing technology is knowing the user's readiness in accepting the technology. As for the model used in this study is the TRAM method (Technology Readiness Acceptance Model) The TRAM method is a combination of the Technology Readiness Index and the Technology Acceptance Model that was first proposed by Lin et al in 2005. The results found that from 9 hypotheses there were 5 hypotheses that were accepted and 4 others were rejected. accepted hypothesis namely, OPT-> PEU, INN-> PEU, DIS-> PU, DIS-> PEU and PEU-> PU .

Impact of digitalization and e-government on good governance: achievements and challenges in Kazakhstan

The article examines the achievements and challenges, goals, and objectives of e-government and digitalization within the framework of the theory of information society. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of digitalization and e-government on good governance in Kazakhstan. Namely, it examines how the economy, social relations, management, public service, politics, and democracy based on new electronic information and communication technologies can change governance for the better. Special attention is paid to the modern problems of digitalization in Kazakhstan, key indicators are compared to digital development, such as the e–government Readiness Index (EGDI – e-Government Readiness Index), an indicator of Internet penetration and Internet speed. The article used methods of content analysis of regulatory documents, Internet resources, media materials, and the method of SWOT analysis. The result of the SWOT analysis indicates the strengths and weaknesses of digitalization, as well as challenges dictated by the geopolitical features of Kazakhstan, such as digital inequality, low speed of "Internet penetration", lack of high-quality domestic platforms, and corruption in the implementation of state programs. As a result, we recommend creating new parameters, indicators that will measure the impact of electronic public services on corruption risks in Kazakhstan.

A SEM Approach to Assess M-Learning Intentions Among Students of Design: An Empirical Analysis Using the TRUTAUT Model

Aim/Purpose: This research aims to examine the mobile learning (m-learning) intentions of students pursuing design courses at graduate and undergraduate levels in higher education institutions in a developing country like India. This study integrated the Technology Readiness Index (TRI 2.0) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to examine students’ intentions. Background: Teaching-learning in design programs at institutions predominantly takes place in design studios. Studios are the place where the constant presence of the educator, along with peers, guides the students in all aspects of creative solutions. This interaction has been hindered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the last decade, m-learning has grown in popularity among professionals and students. However, the intentions of students pursuing design courses still need to be evaluated. Methodology: Using a quantitative approach, a survey of 334 graduate and postgraduate students was held in the National Capital Region of Delhi, India. The students were approached based on a convenience sampling strategy. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was carried out to test the formulated hypotheses. Contribution: This is one of the first studies that empirically measured m-learning intentions of design students in the Indian context using TRUTAUT scales. The study will motivate educators to identify and integrate online content into the design curriculum. This will also help eliminate students’ insecurity related to performance in online learning. Findings: The study found that the technology readiness (TRI) variables (optimism, innovativeness, and discomfort) had no significant relationship with the UTAUT variables. Design students also exhibited some insecurity about performance in their creative field, which is traditionally conducted face-to-face. But all variables of UTAUT had a significant influence, and the model explains 41% of the variance in m-learning intention. Recommendations for Practitioners: Teachers, as content creators in design education, need to suitably add online content to their subject that facilitates m-learning among students. Institutional administrators should provide adequate infrastructural facilities like stable internet connectivity, computer labs, and technical staff who can help the students with technical issues. Recommendation for Researchers: The outcome of this TRUTAUT research among design students can be studied in other developing countries to examine design students’ intention to adopt m-learning. Researchers can examine the effectiveness of learning through online platforms in design programs. Future Research: Future studies could improve the model by extending it appropriately and conducting a longitudinal study with interviews and focus group discussions. Also, including teachers’ opinions and attitudes toward online learning in design programs is worth exploring.

Influence of Technology Readiness and Flow Theory toward the Acceptance of Augmented Reality among Students in Private University in Jakarta, Indonesia

Augmented Reality has recently gained popularity in the sphere of education. Unfortunately, most augmented reality research in private university in Indonesia is focused solely on software development. This will affect how ready and willing the student is to implement augmented reality. This research investigated the impact of readiness attitude and flow theory on augmented reality acceptance in a private university in Jakarta, Indonesia. This research was founded upon the Technology Acceptance Model and modified by adding the technology readiness index and flow to measure the influence of the readiness and the motivation among students’ acceptance of augmented reality technology. A quantitative methodology utilizing online questionnaire for data collection was designed to capture a wide range of responses efficiently, allowing for comprehensive analysis using SmartPLS3 by employing purposive sampling with 602 student respondents located in Jakarta. The results show that in terms of Technology Readiness, two variables, Innovativeness toward Perceived Usefulness (t = 5, p = 0) and Perceived Ease of Use (t = 3.613, p = 0) Insecurity toward Perceived Usefulness (t = 9.9, p = 0) and Perceived Ease of Use (t = 10.298, p = 0) ) are accepted and two variables Optimism toward Perceived Usefulness (t = 0.475, p = 0.635) and Perceived Ease of Use (t = 0.260, p = 0.795), Discomfort toward Perceived Usefulness (t = 0.050, p = 0.960) are rejected; In terms of Flow Theory and Technology Acceptance, all items were accepted. It is concluded that students are ready and accept augmented reality and showed no significant issues. However, there remains a lack of optimism among students regarding the feasibility of implementing AR and its benefits in classroom.

Dental Students’ Perceptions of the Current Educational Environment and Readiness for the Simulation-based Teaching Model: A Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study from Malaysia

Introduction: To facilitate the advancement of dental education in Malaysia, it is imperative to get insight into the perceptions held by dental students towards the current situation of the Educational Environment (EE). Moreover, in the current evolution of the educational framework, a shift is occurring from the conventional pedagogical approach to the implementation of simulation-based experiences. For a better understanding of virtual learning, it is crucial to determine students’ level of technology readiness. Aim: To identify the students’ perceptions regarding the present dental EE in Malaysia and their technology readiness for a simulation-based teaching and learning model and to verify whether technology readiness influences students’ perceptions of the present EE. Materials and Methods: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 146 dental students enrolled in year 4 and year 5 of three dental faculties in Malaysia were invited to this study from May to June 2023. The survey used the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Scale (DREEM) and the modified Technology Readiness Index (TRI) to measure students’ perceptions of EE and readiness for the new educational model. Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to explore the differences among different demographic information for both DREEM and modified TRI. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to determine associated factors with the TRI score. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation between DREEM and modified TRI. All tests for statistical significance were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26.0. Results: The overall global score of DREEM was 127.74/200. Comparing the subscale and global DREEM scores between public and private universities, significant differences were found in all dimensions and global DREEM scores except for students’ Social Self-Perception (SSP). Year four Undergraduate (UG) students showed more positivity in Students’ Perception of Learning (SPL) (p=0.020) and Students’ Perception of Teachers (SPT) (p=0.031) than year five students. While the overall mean score of the modified TRI was 3.08/5. The level of technology readiness would not affect the overall global DREEM score. Conclusion: Dental UGs’ perception of the EE is considered to be “more positive than negative.” However, improvements are needed in SPL and SPT. Generally, dental UGs in Malaysia have reached an adequate technology readiness level toward simulation-based teaching and learning.

Technology readiness index and related customer segmentation: a study of conflict zones

Technology readiness index and related customer segmentation: a study of conflict zones

Adoption of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Philippine Construction Industry: A Review of Literature

This review explores the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the Philippine construction industry, focusing on the extent and scope of adoption, influencing factors, readiness, and associated benefits and challenges. Utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, Technology Readiness Index (TRI), and diffusion of innovation theory, the study synthesizes findings from 20 articles published between 2014 and 2024. Findings reveal a promising yet varied landscape of AI integration, driven by the need for improved cost management, enhanced decision-making, and higher quality standards. Successful AI adoption involves digital readiness, robust data management, and stakeholder engagement. Benefits include enhanced productivity, cost-efficiency, decision-making capabilities, sustainability, and safety. However, significant challenges such as data quality, technological complexity, ethical concerns, and the need for a skilled workforce remain. Overcoming these challenges through strategic planning and investment is crucial for the growth of AI adoption in the Philippine construction industry.

PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

The article examines the state of Ukraine’s military economy and forecasts of its reconstruction. It is noted that one of the ways for a country to survive is to maintain the productive capacity of its economy, which reflects the efficient use of all resources, the quality of human capital and sustainable development. The essence and approaches to assessing the productive capacity of Ukraine, in particular according to the Productive Capacities Index (PCI), have been revealed. For the development of the European KLEMS productive capacity model, a formalized model and an approach to deepening its informational component are proposed. The factors of the “technological leap” that can be drivers of the development of productive capacity have been highlighted. The authors have proposed to consider productive capacity through the prism of sustainable development and its goals (SDGs). The “ecological footprint” has been described, which as of 2021 is 73% higher than the possibility of renewing the world’s ecosystems. The paper also covers a comprehensive approach to overcoming this risk (Twin-strategy) based on a combination of economic (but only within ecological) and social determinants of sustainable development. It has been noted that a bilateral “green” and “digital” strategy for the transition to the next stage of sustainable development (Twin Transitions for Global Value Chains) is relevant. A foresight approach to reducing gaps in the development of countries’ economies using advanced “green” technologies has been described.” It is summarized that in order to increase the productive capacity, Ukraine needs to rebuild the economy on the principles of Industry 4.0 with robotized production at “smart” factories. It has been studied that according to the Frontier Technologies Readiness Index, Ukraine belongs to the group of countries with an above-average level of the index. Recommendations on research and management of production potential for the reconstruction of Ukraine’s economy and its growth in the context of a bilateral “green” and “digital” strategy of sustainable development are given.

Assessment by Lean Modified Manufacturing Maturity Model for Industry 4.0: A Case Study of Pakistan's Manufacturing Sector

Developing countries are facing challenges to adopt the Industry 4.0 in their manufacturing sector. One of the reasons is lacking technological and maturity models’ compatibility to assess the current state of maturity and readiness level. This empirical research has presented a maturity model based on the IMPULS models developed by the German Association of Mechanical Engineers and the Singapore Smart Industry Readiness Index with some modifications. A comprehensive and compatible lean modified manufacturing maturity model for Industry 4.0 (LM4I4.0) has been developed and validated. The proposed model has add-on dimension of the lean philosophy. This modification provides the facility to integrate the two main manufacturing paradigms of lean and Industry 4.0. The developed LM4I4.0 has been validated in fifty manufacturing industries of Pakistan and results have been presented in the data analysis format. The data mining, dimension cluster analysis, and computation of data shows that the proposed model is compatible for the developing country. Moreover, the results and analysis show that the maturity level of Pakistani manufacturing is 3.39, which means companies are immature in context of Industry 4.0. The proposed methodology may be used to conduct self-evaluations and enable businesses to undertake self-assessments in order to align themselves with Industry 4.0 in a systematic way. It will, therefore, provide a direction to formulate the enterprise transformation strategies in Industry 4.0 paradigm.

Assessment of Factors for Blockchain Adoption Readiness in Tanzanian Public Healthcare Insurance Sectors: A Case Study of National Health Insurance Fund

Blockchain technology offers various benefits, including efficient and verified record keeping, transparency and tracking, and cost optimization. This article assesses factors that impact adoption readiness of blockchain technology by 106 public health insurance sectors (PHISs) in Tanzania. The study examined integrated technology adoption frameworks, including Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), Technology Readiness Index (TRI), and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE). Using this integrated TOE-DOI-TRI framework, the study proposed nine hypotheses related to adoption readiness of blockchain technology. The study also proposes an integrated technology adoption framework that can be used for future studies. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypotheses. Results demonstrate that relative advantage, technology compatibility, data security, government support, competitive pressures, top management commitment, partnerships and collaboration with experts as well as employee engagement have a positive influence on the adoption readiness of blockchain technology by Tanzanian PHISs. However, technological complexity hinders PHIS's adoption of the technology. This study reveals a paucity of literature that have attempted to identify the factors of PHIS technology adoption in Tanzania. The results will enable PHIS stakeholders to understand important factors in adopting blockchain technology. Additionally, our results can assist developers of this promising technology to generate customized solutions.

To diagnose industry 4.0 by maturity model: the case of Moroccan clothing industry

In 2011, the German government launched the visionary initiative known as Industry 4.0, with the goal of positioning itself at the forefront of cutting-edge manufacturing and the shift towards digital transformation. In the wake of this transformative wave, numerous manufacturers are continuously exploring avenues to bolster their capabilities and remain competitive in the market. This empirical study adopts a maturity model inspired by the Economic Development Board's Singapore Smart Industry Readiness Index. The model empowers companies to perform self-assessments, facilitating a systematic and comprehensive alignment with the principles of Industry 4.0. The research delves into the assessment of Industry 4.0 maturity within the Moroccan clothing industry, examining clustering index factors and the influence of key factors on companies' self-assessment. The results classify 252 Moroccan Clothing enterprises into three distinct categories, highlighting a strong positive correlation among process, technology, and organization. Significantly, a majority of the 252 companies evaluated using the maturity model still appear to be in early stages or partially mature, necessitating significant improvements and a reevaluation of their Industry 4.0 transformation strategies. Conclusively, the Singapore Smart Industry Readiness Index proves to be a valuable tool for conducting self-assessments within Moroccan-based enterprises. These findings offer practical guidance for both industry practitioners and researchers seeking to navigate the complexities of Industry 4.0 maturity and grouping.

Digital Intensity and Technology Adoption in European Enterprises: Comparative Analysis Using NRI and DESI 2023 Data

A number of targets aimed at promoting digital transformation have been set up within the framework of the 2020-2030 Digital Decade. An abundance of scientific research has shown the importance of digital technologies and the impact they have on the competitiveness of businesses. The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the digital technology applications used by European Union enterprises in an effort to identify any potential linkages. This study primarily analyses the use of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud services, and Big Data, as well as the current level of digital intensity and skills. In addition, the research evaluates the extent to which the strategy document 2030 Digital Compass of the European Union, which delineated the goals pertaining to technology applications, has been achieved so far. The purpose of this assessment is to provide guidance for the subsequent seven years of the development stage. The evaluation is conducted with data acquired from the Network Readiness Index (NRI) and the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) for the year 2022.