Readability Of Information Research Articles

Engaging but inaccurate: A cross-sectional analysis of acne videos on social media from non–health care sources

Engaging but inaccurate: A cross-sectional analysis of acne videos on social media from non–health care sources

Use of Semantic Segmentation for Increasing the Throughput of Digitisation Workflows for Natural History Collections

The need to increase global accessibility to specimens while preserving the physical specimens by reducing their handling motivates digitisation. Digitisation of natural history collections has evolved from recording of specimens’ catalogue data to including digital images and 3D models of specimens. The sheer size of the collections requires developing high throughput digitisation workflows, as well as novel acquisition systems, image standardisation, curation, preservation, and publishing. For instance, herbarium sheet digitisation workflows (and fast digitisation stations) can digitise up to 6,000 specimens per day; operating digitisation stations in parallel can increase that capacity. However, other activities of digitisation workflows still rely on manual processes which throttle the speed with which images can be published. Image quality control and information extraction from images can benefit from greater automation. This presentation explores the advantages of applying semantic segmentation (Fig. 1) to improve and automate image quality management (IQM) and information extraction from images (IEFI) of physical specimens. Two experiments were designed to determine if IQM and IEFI activities can be improved by using segments instead of full images. The time for segmenting full images needs to be considered for both IQM and IEFI. A semantic segmentation method developed by the Natural History Museum (Durrant and Livermore 2018) adapted for segmenting herbarium sheet images (Dillen et al. 2019) can process 50 images in 12 minutes. The IQM experiments evaluated the application of three quality attributes to full images and to image segments: colourfulness (Fig. 2), contrast (Fig. 3) and sharpness (Fig. 4). Evaluating colourfulness is an alternative to colour quantization algorithms such as RMSE and Delta E (Hasler and Suesstrunk 2003, Palus 2006), the method produces a value indicating if the image degrades after processing. Contrast measures the difference in luminance or colour that makes an object distinguishable. Contrast is determined by the difference in colour and brightness of the object and other objects within the same field of view (Matkovic et al. 2005, Präkel 2010). Sharpness encompasses the concepts of resolution and acutance (Bahrami and Kot 2014, Präkel 2010). Sharpness influences specimen appearance and readability of information from labels and barcodes. Evaluating the criteria on 56 barcodes and 50 colour charts segments extracted from fifty images took 34 minutes (8 minutes for the barcodes and 26 minutes for colour charts). The evaluation on the corresponding full images took 100 minutes. The processing of individual segments and full images provided results equivalent to subjective manual quality management. The IEFI experiments compared the performance of four optical character recognition (OCR) programs applied to full images (Drinkwater et al. 2014) against individual segments. The four OCR programs evaluated were Tesseract 4.X, Tesseract 3.X, Abby FineReader Engine 12, and Microsoft OneNote 2013. The test was based on a set of 250 herbarium sheet images and 1,837 segments extracted from them. The results from the experiments show that there is an average OCR speed-up of 49% when using segmented images when compared to processing times for full images (Table 1). Similarly, there was an average increase of 13% in line correctness (information from lines is ordered and not fragmented (Fig. 5, Table 2 ). Additionally, the results are useful for comparing the four OCR programs, with Tesseract 3.x offering shortest processing time, while Tesseract 4.X achieving the highest scores for line accuracy (including hand written text recognition). The results suggest that IEFI could be improved by performing OCR using segments rather than whole images, leading to faster processing and more accurate outputs. The findings support the feasibility of further automation of digitisation workflows for natural history collections. In addition to increasing the accuracy and speed of IQM and IEFI activities, the explored approaches can be packaged and published, enabling automated quality management and information extraction to be offered as a service, taking advantage of cloud platforms and workflow engines.

Readability of Information on Smartphone Apps for Total Hip Replacement and Total Knee Replacement Surgery Patients.

Background:Readability is a vital component of health information and providing this material at an appropriate literacy level may positively influence patient experience.Objective:To assess the readability of the information provided within total hip replacement and total knee replacement apps to understand more about the impact this could have on patients.Method:A systematic search was conducted across the 5 most popular smartphone app stores: iTunes, Google Play, Windows Mobile, Blackberry App World, and Nokia Ovi. Apps were identified for screening if they: targeted total hip replacement or total knee replacement patients; were free of charge; and were in English. App readability assessment was conducted independently by 3 reviewers using the Gunning Fog Index, the Flesch Reading Ease Score, and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level.Results:Fifteen apps met the inclusion criteria. Only one app was found “easy to read” (My THR).Conclusion:Findings suggest that the overall readability of information provided is written at a level which is difficult for patients to comprehend. App developers should engage patients in the design process of their apps, in order to enhance patient experience and for the potential impact of these innovative health technologies to be truly realized.

Evaluating the Quality, Content, and Readability of Online Resources for Failed Back Spinal Surgery.

An Internet-based assessment of websites using recognized score systems. To assess the quality, content, and readability of online information for failed back spinal surgery (FBSS). A significant amount of patients still suffer from chronic or recurrent back pain with or without radicular symptoms after spinal surgery. More and more patients use the Internet to find health-related information. Low-quality or inaccurate information may not only misleading patients but also have a negative impact on the trust between patients and physicians. The terms "chronic pain after spinal surgery," "chronic pain after back surgery," "failed back surgery syndrome," "post spinal surgery syndrome," and "post laminectomy syndrome" were entered into three search engines (Google, Yahoo!, and Bing). The first 25 websites from each search were reviewed. The quality, content, and readability of each website were evaluated using DISCERN score, FBSS-specific content score, and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, the first two score systems were assessed by three reviewers independently. The Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL) was used to assess the readability. Each website with or without the Health on the Net Code (HONcode) was also recorded. Seventy-two websites were analyzed in our study. The average DISCERN score for all websites was 35.26 ± 11.45, indicating the quality of the websites was poor. The DISCERN score of physician websites was 31.25 ± 9.08, lower than that of media (36.50 ± 0.71, P = 0.017) and commercial websites (42.55 ± 10.93, P = 0.045). The mean FBSS-specific content score was 9.58 ± 3.90 out of maximum 25. We failed to find any difference of FBSS-specific content score among different type of website. Websites with HONcode certification were associated with higher DISCERN score, FBSS-specific content score, and JAMA benchmark criteria score than non-certified websites. The mean FKGL was 12.19 ± 2.20, and none of the websites' FKGL was lower than the six grade level. The quality and content of available online information for FBSS were poor. The readability of online information in our results showed a significantly higher reading level than the sixth-grade level recommended by the AMA and NIH. 4.

Exploring the Most Visible German Websites on Melanoma Immunotherapy: A Web-Based Analysis.

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with melanoma frequently search the internet for treatment information, including novel and complex immunotherapy. However, health literacy is limited among half of the German population, and no assessment of websites on melanoma treatment has been performed so far.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify and assess the most visible websites in German language on melanoma immunotherapy.MethodsIn accordance with the common Web-based information-seeking behavior of patients with cancer, the first 20 hits on Google, Yahoo, and Bing were searched for combinations of German synonyms for “melanoma” and “immunotherapy” in July 2017. Websites that met our predefined eligibility criteria were considered for assessment. Three reviewers independently assessed their quality by using the established DISCERN tool and by checking the presence of quality certification. Usability and reliability were evaluated by the LIDA tool and understandability by the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). The Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) was calculated to estimate the readability. The ALEXA and SISTRIX tools were used to investigate the websites’ popularity and visibility. The interrater agreement was determined by calculating Cronbach alpha. Subgroup differences were identified by t test, U test, or one-way analysis of variance.ResultsOf 480 hits, 45 single websites from 30 domains were assessed. Only 2 website domains displayed a German quality certification. The average assessment scores, mean (SD), were as follows: DISCERN, 48 (7.6); LIDA (usability), 40 (2.0); LIDA (reliability), 10 (1.6); PEMAT, 69% (16%); and FRES, 17 (14), indicating mediocre quality, good usability, and understandability but low reliability and an even very low readability of the included individual websites. SISTRIX scores ranged from 0 to 6872 and ALEXA scores ranged from 17 to 192,675, indicating heterogeneity of the visibility and popularity of German website domains providing information on melanoma immunotherapy.ConclusionsOptimization of the most accessible German websites on melanoma immunotherapy is desirable. Especially, simplification of the readability of information and further adaption to reliability criteria are required to support the education of patients with melanoma and laypersons, and to enhance transparency.

Readability of online information about HPV Immunization

ABSTRACT The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is highly effective in preventing anogenital cancers, but vaccination rates in the United States remain low. In deciding whether to vaccinate their children, parents are increasingly using the internet to gather information. This study aimed to examine the level of readability of information on HPV vaccines written on 100 websites that were found via an internet search. To create the website sample, the first 50 websites from the search “HPV immunization” were recorded, followed by the first 50 non-duplicated websites from the search “Gardasil.” The content of the sites was analyzed using established readability scales. Websites were compared based on keyword search and on whether they had a commercial or non-commercial URL extension. The majority of websites were found to have information of a difficult reading level. Websites with commercial URL extensions and websites found using the search “Gardasil” had higher mean readability scores. These results suggest that many parents may not understand the information currently presented on the internet and that interventions aimed at improving the readability of online information could help to increase parental approval of the vaccine.

Readability of Spanish language online information for the initial treatment of burns

ObjectiveThis study’s aim is to identify the most popular online resources for burn treatment information available in the Spanish language, and to evaluate the readability of this information. MethodsThe phrase “tratamiento de quemaduras” (burn treatment) was entered into search engines Google and Bing on 9/15/2014 and 9/13/2017. The top 12 Spanish web results on each site were identified and analyzed using Readability Studio Professional Edition v2012.1. The software generated a “mean grade reading level” for each article, or the grade of students that could be expected to understand the article’s language. Results21 distinct articles were identified at T1 and 17 at T2, with seven overlapping between T1 and T2. The average grade reading level of all the websites ranged from 7.8 to 13.8 at T1 (approximately 8th grade to sophomore year of college) and 7.8 to 12.2 at T2. ConclusionsNo websites were within 1 standard deviation of the American Medical Association recommended 6th grade reading level. With readability showing little improvement during the past three years, providers should be aware of the complexity of online literature, and the potential complications this presents to patients. Additionally, burn centers should prioritize generating more accessible information for the Spanish speaking public.

Readability of information on colonoscopy preparation on the internet.

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has decreased in recent years, due in large part to increased screening, particularly through colonoscopy. This study aimed to examine the level of readability of information on colonoscopy preparation written on 100 websites that were found via an internet search.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the content of the first 100 websites in English found via an internet search were analyzed using established readability scales. Websites were compared based on whether they had a commercial or non-commercial URL extension.Results: The majority of websites were found to have information of a difficult reading level. Less than 10% of websites had an easy reading level. Readability did not differ significantly based on URL extension.Conclusion: The information currently posted on the internet regarding preparation for colonoscopy is written at a difficult reading level. If information presented was both accurate and easier to read, it could benefit a greater proportion of the general public and help inform decisions about preparing for a colonoscopy.

Managing cognitive difficulties after traumatic brain injury: a review of online resources for families

Purpose: To identify and critically appraise the content, readability, reliability and usability of websites providing information for managing cognitive difficulties in everyday life for the families of adults with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.Method: Systematic searches on the Internet for relevant websites were conducted using five search engines, and through consultation of the lists of resources published on websites of traumatic brain injury organizations. Two team members assessed eligibility of the websites. To be included, they had to provide information related to management of cognitive difficulties following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, to be in English or French and available free of charge. Two reviewers evaluated each website according to: (1) its readability using Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level; (2) the quality of its content using a checklist of eight recommendations for managing memory, attention and executive function problems; (3) its usability (e.g., clear design) and reliability (e.g., currency of information) using the Minervation Validation Instrument for Health Care Web Sites.Results: Of the 38 websites included, 10 provide specific tips for families that cover several domains of cognitive function, including memory, attention and executive function. The most frequent recommendations focused on the use of environmental supports for memory problems (n = 33 websites). The readability of information is below the recommended grade 7 for only nine of the websites. All sites show acceptable usability, but their quality is variable in terms of reliability of the information.Conclusions: This review provides useful information for selecting online resources to educate families about the management of cognitive difficulties following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, as a complement to information and training provided by the rehabilitation team.Implications for rehabilitationThis review describes standardized criteria for the evaluation of the content, readability, reliability and usability of websites for family education post-TBI.Given the variability in the content, the readability and the reliability of websites providing information for families about the management of cognitive difficulties post-TBI, careful attention to the selection of appropriate resources is required.Findings from this review may facilitate clinicians’ identification of relevant websites to educate families about the management of cognitive difficulties post-TBI, as a complement to other information and training from the rehabilitation team.

"I WANT IT THE WAY I NEED IT": MODALITY, READABILITY, AND FORMAT CONTROL FOR AUTISTIC INFORMATION SEEKERS ONLINE

This qualitative analysis of 16 in-depth interviews with autistic individuals and parents explores themes related to information poverty and the influence of control and power in online environments toward knowledge growth, self-determination, and personal agency. The authors discuss the perspectives of participants on information seeking, including initiatives to access information through preferred platforms and the influence of control (or lack of control) in terms of the modality, format, and readability of information. Findings reveal highly motivated, self-directed, and critical information seekers in support of academic endeavors, skill development, personal interests, curiosities, entertainment, social connectedness, community access, and independent living. Participants indicated preferences toward video streaming and similar multimedia content to address information needs. For many, social media functioned as personal infrastructure for supportive place-based communities. The article concludes by posing critical questions and considerations for researchers, creators of online learning sites, and instructors who teach in these environments in support of neurodivergent learners.

A North American perspective of content and quality of websites in the English language on childhood-onset lupus erythematosus.

Objective The objective of this article is to examine the quality, content, and readability of information and resources in the English language and accessible on the internet by pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their families in North America. Methods Keywords relevant to SLE were generated by an undergraduate student, a first-year medical student, and a third-year pediatric resident, and a search was conducted across five commonly used search engines. Quality of information found was evaluated independently by an undergraduate student, a graduate student, a first-year medical student, and a third-year pediatric resident using the DISCERN tool. Two pediatric rheumatologists assessed website accuracy and completeness. Readability of websites was determined using the Flesch-Kincaid grade level and Reading Ease score. Results Out of 2000 websites generated in the search, only 34 unique websites met inclusion criteria. Only 16 of these websites had DISCERN scores above 50% (fair quality). Overall quality of website information was fair with mean ±standard deviation (SD) DISCERN quality score of 44 ± 7 (range: 30-56). Only nine websites of 34 had DISCERN scores above 50 (>66%, indicating greater quality) and were further assessed for completeness. Flesch-Kincaid grade level was 11 ± 1 (mean±SD) and reading ease score was 39 ± 10 (mean±SD, range of 11-61). Conclusion Our study highlights the need for more complete, readable information regarding the unique needs of pediatric patients with childhood-onset SLE and their families.

Quality and readability of internet-based information on halitosis

To evaluate quality and readability of Internet-based information on halitosis. An Internet search through 3 engines (Google, Yahoo, and Bing) was done with the terms ("bad breath," "halitosis," "oral malodor," "foul breath," "mouth malodor," "breath malodor," "fetor ex ore," "fetor oris," "ozostomia," and "stomatodysodia"). The first 50 websites from each engine resulting from each search term were screened. Included websites were evaluated using Health on the Net (HON) criteria, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, DISCERN, Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade level. A total of 101 websites were included. HON, DISCERN, EQIP, and FRE score were 42.9%, 37.6%, 37.4%, and 51.9% of the maximum score, respectively. Fewer than 50% of sites displayed attribution, disclosure, and currency according to JAMA benchmarks. HON score, DISCERN score, and EQIP score had significant correlation with each other and were significantly higher in sites displaying the HON seal. The current quality and readability of informative websites on halitosis are generally low and poorly organized. Clinicians should be able to assess the Internet-based information on halitosis, as well as give accurate advice and guide patients concerning this issue.

Aspectos da regulação em saúde na visão de equipes de saúde da família de um município de pequeno porte

Objetivos: Identificar a visão de equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família acerca do processo de regulação em saúde e caracterizar seus instrumentos quanto ao conteúdo informacional e sua utilização pela equipe. Métodos: Estudo de caráter descritivo, quantitativo e apoiado em fontes primária e secundária de dados, realizado em um município de pequeno porte. Foi aplicado um questionário aos profissionais de equipes de saúde da família, em 2012, com conteúdo referente ao processo de regulação em saúde e analisadas características de completude e legibilidade de informações registradas nas guias de referência às especialidades médicas. Resultados: Os profissionais da saúde da família relataram incertezas sobre a proposta conceitual e operativa do sistema de regulação em saúde. Apenas 50% dos participantes conheciam todos os serviços especializados de referência da rede de saúde. Cerca de 70% informaram a existência de protocolos na rede e/ou nas unidades de saúde. Houve prejuízo na completude e na legibilidade de informações das guias de referência. Conclusão: Os achados da pesquisa ratificaram a estreita relação entre o processo regulatório assistencial e a gestão da informação, bem como a importância da participação do profissional da saúde da família no mecanismo de regulação em saúde.

Adult orthodontics: a quality assessment of Internet information.

This study evaluated the quality, reliability and readability of information on the Internet on adult orthodontics. A quality assessment of adult orthodontic websites. Postgraduate Orthodontic Unit, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Cork, Ireland. An Internet search using three search engines (Google, Yahoo and Bing) was conducted using the terms ('adult orthodontics' and 'adult braces'). The first 50 websites from each engine and under each search term were screened and exclusion criteria applied. Included websites were then assessed for quality using four methods: the HON seal, JAMA benchmarks, the DISCERN instrument and the LIDA tool. Readability of included websites was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES). Only 13 websites met the inclusion criteria. Most were of US origin (n = 8; 61%). The authors of the websites were dentists (n = 5; 39%), professional organizations (n = 2; 15%), past patients (n = 2; 15%) and unspecified (n = 4; 31%). Only 1 website displayed the HON seal and three websites contained all JAMA benchmarks. The mean overall score for DISCERN was 3.9/5 and the mean total LIDA score was 115/144. The average FRES score was 63.1/100. The number of informative websites on adult orthodontics is low and these are of moderate quality. More accurate, high-quality Internet resources are required on adult orthodontics. Recommendations are made as to how this may be achieved.

Fifteen-year trend in information on the World Wide Web for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: evolving, but opportunities for improvement remain

The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis information on the Internet over a 15-year period and the positioning of Web sites posted by universities, hospitals, and medical associations. We replicated the methods of a 2001 study assessing rheumatoid arthritis information on the Internet using WebCrawler. All Web sites and pages were critically assessed for relevance, scope, authorship, type of publication, and financial objectives. Differences between studies were considered significant if 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. Additionally, we added a Google search with assessments of the quality of content of web pages and of the Web sites posted by medical institutions. There were significant differences between the present study's WebCrawler search and the 2001-referent study. There were increases in information sites (82 vs 36%) and rheumatoid arthritis-specific discussion pages (59 vs 8%), and decreases in advertisements (2 vs 48%) and alternative therapies (27 vs 45%). The quality of content of web pages is still dispersed; just 37% were rated as good. Among the first 300 hits, 30 (10%) were posted by medical institutions, 17 of them in the USA. Regarding readability, 7% of these 30 web pages required 6years, 27% required 7-9years, 27% required 10-12years, and 40% required 12 or more years of schooling. The Internet has evolved in the last 15years. Medical institutions are also better positioned. However, there are still areas for improvement, such as the quality of the content, leadership of medical institutions, and readability of information.

How well are health information websites displayed on mobile phones? Implications for the readability of health information

Issue addressed More than 87% of Australians own a mobile phone with Internet access and 82% of phone owners use their smartphones to search for health information, indicating that mobile phones may be a powerful tool for building health literacy. Yet, online health information has been found to be above the reading ability of the general population. As reading on a smaller screen may further complicate the readability of information, this study aimed to examine how health information is displayed on mobile phones and its implications for readability. Methods Using a cross-sectional design with convenience sampling, a sample of 270 mobile webpages with information on 12 common health conditions was generated for analysis, they were categorised based on design and position of information display. Results The results showed that 71.48% of webpages were mobile-friendly but only 15.93% were mobile-friendly webpages designed in a way to optimise readability, with a paging format and queried information displayed for immediate viewing. Conclusion With inadequate evidence and lack of consensus on how webpage design can best promote reading and comprehension, it is difficult to draw a conclusion on the effect of current mobile health information presentation on readability. So what? Building mobile-responsive websites should be a priority for health information providers and policy-makers. Research efforts are urgently required to identify how best to enhance readability of mobile health information and fully capture the capabilities of mobile phones as a useful device to increase health literacy.

Assessment of the Accuracy of Online Information Regarding Trigger Finger.

Review of the recent literature suggests substantial use of the Internet by patients seeking health care information despite questionable accuracy and readability of information presented on some websites. The purpose of our study was to assess the accuracy, quality, and readability of online information regarding trigger finger. Three terms ("trigger finger", "stenosing tenosynovitis", and "finger locking") were used to query three Internet search engines to evaluate websites regarding information about trigger finger. Three hand surgery fellows independently assessed website accuracy and quality using standardized scoring criteria. The Fleisch-Kincaid reading grade level score was used to assess website readability. Website authorship and commercial association were also noted. Sixty-nine unique websites were assessed. Internet information obtained using the search term "stenosing tenosynovitis" was written at a significantly higher reading level than information found using "finger locking" or "trigger finger". Website quality and accuracy were both significantly better in websites authored by physicians compared to websites authored by non-physicians. However, website accuracy was significantly poorer in websites featuring commercial association. Additionally, websites presenting information written below the 8(th) grade reading level demonstrated poorer accuracy. Search term has a significant effect on the readability of online information regarding trigger finger. Despite the terminology used in searches, most websites are largely inaccurate and may not be easily understandable by the general population. This demonstrates a substantial barrier to accessing accurate health care information and may impact patient outcomes. Hand surgeons should direct patients towards websites presenting accurate information with easily readable content.

Content analysis of web-based norovirus education materials targeting consumers who handle food: An assessment of alignment and readability

Human noroviruses sicken 19–21 million people in the U.S. each year, suggesting the need for education. The World Wide Web is an accessible source of information about how to prevent a norovirus infection but the accuracy and readability of information targeting consumers is unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the alignment and readability of web-based norovirus education materials targeting consumers using CDC evidence-based guidelines and Microsoft Word readability formulas. The search yielded 60 artifacts. Most did not address duration of handwashing (83%), use of hand sanitizers (83%), type of drying devices (92%), or avoidance of bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat foods (97%). Less than half (n = 29) recommended minimizing contact with sick persons. Two-thirds of the artifacts (n = 40) also did not mention the recommended concentration of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) solution to be used to disinfect surfaces contaminated with noroviruses. The mean Flesch Reading Ease score was 47.75 (score of >70 is easy to read), and the mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was 10.36 so documents were written at a 10th grade level. The alignment and readability of web-based educational materials about noroviruses must be improved as knowledge is a prerequisite to application of behaviors that can prevent one from becoming infected with noroviruses.

The Quality, Content, Accuracy and Readability of Information about Sickle Cell Anemia on the Internet

Objective: A comprehensive website review was conducted to assess the quality, content and readability of online information for teens with sickle cell anemia (SCA).Methods. Key words relevant to SCA were searched across the five most commonly used search engine domains. Websites that contained information about the diagnosis and management of SCA were reviewed. Quality of the information was appraised using the validated DISCERN tool. Two physicians rated website content completeness and accuracy independently. Readability of the sites was documented using SMOG scores and the Flesch Reading ease scoring system.Results. Search results yielded more than 600 sites of which 25 websites met the criteria for DISCERN quality review. The majority of sites targeted parents and only 5/25 (20%) were specific to teens with SCA. The overall quality of the website information was "fair", with the average DISCERN quality rating score being 50.1 (± 9.3, range 31.0-67.5). Only 12/25(48%)of the websites had DISCERN scores above 50 (mean 57.37 + 4.93, range 52.17-67.50). The average completeness score of the sites was 20 out of 29 (±5; range 12-27) and accuracy was consistently rated 4/4, indicating high accuracy with moderate completeness. The average SMOG score was 12.44 (±2.01; range 10.21-16.08), and the mean Flesch Reading Ease score was 46.45 (±13.22; range 17.50-66.10) indicating that the material was written well above the acceptable level for patient education materials.Conclusion. Given the paucity of high quality Internet health information at an appropriate reading level for teens with SCA, there is a critical need for the development of Internet programs to meet their unique self-management needs. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A Semantic Web Search Personalization using Ontology

Web is the effective source of information gallery where it’s retrieval is hampered by misunderstanding of user’s query and user diversity. Hence we support shifting to the Semantic Web that in turn provides best search results and browsing facilities by providing machine readability of information on web taking advantage of ontologies. In order to obtain the better than best results, we have combined the results of personalized log based web search results and the results of semantic web and reranked those combined results. So that the user could get more relevant results than normal search engine. The merge of these techniques together could enhances search results when compared to normal web search methods.