Read Off Research Articles

The Extended Theory of Trees and Algebraic (Co)datatypes

The first-order theory of finite and infinite trees has been studied since the eighties, especially by the logic programming community. Following Djelloul, Dao and Fr\"uhwirth, we consider an extension of this theory with an additional predicate for finiteness of trees, which is useful for expressing properties about (not just datatypes but also) codatatypes. Based on their work, we present a simplification procedure that determines whether any given (not necessarily closed) formula is satisfiable, returning a simplified formula which enables one to read off all possible models. Our extension makes the algorithm usable for algebraic (co)datatypes, which was impossible in their original work due to restrictive assumptions. We also provide a prototype implementation of our simplification procedure and evaluate it on instances from the SMT-LIB.

Lagrangian fibers of Gelfand-Cetlin systems

A Gelfand-Cetlin system is a completely integrable system defined on a partial flag manifold whose image is a rational convex polytope called a Gelfand-Cetlin polytope. Motivated by the study of Nishinou-Nohara-Ueda [24] on the Floer theory of Gelfand-Cetlin systems, we provide a detailed description of topology of Gelfand-Cetlin fibers. In particular, we prove that any fiber over an interior point of an r-dimensional face of the Gelfand-Cetlin polytope is an isotropic submanifold and is diffeomorphic to Tr×N for some smooth manifold N and Tr≅(S1)r. We also prove that such N's are exactly the vanishing cycles shrinking to points in the associated toric variety via the toric degeneration. We also devise an algorithm of reading off Lagrangian fibers from the combinatorics of the ladder diagram.

Demystifying freeze-in dark matter at the LHC

Freeze-in mechanism provides robust dark matter production in the early universe. Due to its feeble interactions, freeze-in dark matter leaves signals at colliders which are often involved with long lived particle decays and consequent displaced vertices (DV). In this paper, we develop a method to read off mass spectrum of particles being involved in the DV events at the LHC. We demonstrate that our method neatly works under a limited statistics, detector resolution and smearing effects. The signature of DV at the LHC can come from either highly suppressed phase-space or a feeble coupling of particle decay processes. By measuring invisible particle mass spectrum, one can discriminate these two cases and thus extract information of dominant freeze-in processes in the early universe at the LHC.

A instabilidade do ser e do objeto: uma análise de Sea Without Shore

O presente artigo propõe-se à investigação sobre o ponto de tangência, entendido como uma importante chave de entendimento, fundado entre as imagens que emergem da natureza e as noções de melancolia, trauma, memória e amor presentes na obra Sea Without Shore, filme dirigido por André Semenza e Fernanda. O filme apresenta-nos uma mulher, numa ilha sueca no século XIX, acometida pela dor de perder a sua amada, obra atravessada pela leitura em “off” de poemas de Charles Swinburne e Renée Vivien, bem como por uma incessante dança instável, apresentada ao longo de todo o longa-metragem, em diversas paisagens. Portanto, propomos uma análise dos elementos principais que compõem e estruturam Sea Without Shore.

Class, Culture, and Killing

In the final volume of a trilogy about the concept of culture and its relation to politics, Francis Mulhern defines a new genre, the condition of culture novel, and traces it from Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure and E. M. Forster’s Howards End to Hanif Kureishi’s The Black Album and Zadie Smith’s On Beauty, reading off from it middleclass anxieties about the rise of the working-class movement. What does it mean about the novel or about the working-class movement itself that so many working-class characters are killed off by their aspiration to culture or are presented as murderers of their so-called superiors? Is the aspiration itself fundamentally flawed, or is the flaw in the novels? Mulhern’s persuasive allegorical readings can be read as a fascinating application of the Greimasian semiotic square as well as a renewal of Mulhern’s epic debate with the intellectual historian Stefan Collini, in the pages of New Left Review, over the proper relation between culture and politics.

Three-particle system in a finite volume: formalism, quantization condition, spectrum and energy shift

Lattice QCD calculations provide an ab initio access to hadronic process. These calculations are usu ally performed in a small cubic volume with periodic boundary conditions. The infinite volume extrapolations for three-body systems are indispensable to understand many systems of high current interest. We derive the three-body quantization condition in a finite volume using an effective field theory in the particle-dimer picture. Our work shows a powerful and transparent method to read off three-body physical observables from lattice simulations. In this paper, we review the formalism, quantization condition, spectrum analysis and energy shifts calculation both for 3-body bound states and scattering states.

Ascribing practical knowledge

Stanley and Williamson (J Philos 98(8):411–444, 2001) (hereafter S&W) argue for intellectualism—the thesis that knowing how is a type of knowing that—in part by defending a thesis about the semantics of English ascriptions of knowing how. But ascriptions of practical knowledge seem to exhibit significant crosslinguistic variation. This observation has been invoked to argue that S&W’s analysis reflects a quirk of English rather than a general feature of the concept of knowledge. I argue that the type of argument employed by both S&W and their critics presupposes that the categories of denotational semantics correspond to those of the theory of mental content. But the relation between the semantic theory and the theory of content is more complex than this. Specifically, a closer look at ascriptions of practical knowledge and other obligatory control constructions in various languages shows (i) that semantic theory needs distinctions that are redundant from the perspective of the theory of content, and (ii) that important distinctions in the theory of content may fail to correspond to any distinctions in semantic theory. It follows that we may not be able to read off as much about mental states as S&W and their critics try to from the structure of their ascriptions.

The role of inhibitory control in strategy change: The case of linear measurement.

Elementary school students often lack a conceptual understanding of linear measurement, which is revealed by their poor performance when the object to be measured is not aligned with the start of the ruler. Instead of correctly counting the units that correspond to the object (e.g., inches or centimeters), children often use 1 of 2 incorrect strategies: reading off the number that corresponds to the end of the object (the least-mature, read-off strategy) and counting the hash marks that flank the object (a more mature, but still incorrect, hash-mark strategy). We hypothesized that shifting to a more mature linear measurement strategy would require the ability to inhibit less-mature prepotent responses, such as read-off and hash-mark responses. In the present study, we predicted that children with better inhibitory control would be more likely to improve in their linear measurement strategy use over one year. Participants (n = 317) were in 1st through 3rd grades when they completed a linear measurement task that required measuring objects that were not aligned with the start of the ruler; they also completed an inhibitory control task and control measures (visuospatial working memory, arithmetic calculations, and number line estimation). One year later, they repeated the linear measurement task. Students with higher initial inhibitory control were more likely to adopt a more mature strategy over time. Moreover, inhibitory control was a significant predictor of strategy improvement over and above other cognitive measures, including visuospatial working memory and arithmetic calculation skill. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Interpreting a <i>Tatanua</i> Mask

This article introduces the art historical method of functional deixis into the study of material culture in anthropology. Functional deixis begins with a thorough empirical description of communicative effects—visual and embodied—produced by a material thing on the beholder. It then proceeds by tending to a kind of formalisation that enables us, on the one hand, to sharpen our intuitive reaction to the thing and, on the other, to obtain detailed knowledge about the ways material things produce significance. Here, the method is applied to a tatanua mask originating from present-day Papua New Guinea and currently housed at the Grassi Museum für Völkerkunde in Leipzig, Germany. Based on a thick description, we propose an in-depth interpretation of the mask as a complex response to a fundamental injury, articulating a symbolic expression of grief (left side) with an iconic expression overcoming grief (right side) after a passage through a real word expressed through the front of the mask. In doing so, the article offers a tool to study with rather than a text to read off.

Entanglement spectroscopy of non-Abelian anyons: Reading off quantum dimensions of individual anyons

We study the entanglement spectrum of topological systems hosting non-Abelian anyons. Akin to energy levels of a Hamiltonian, the entanglement spectrum is composed of symmetry multiplets. We find that the ratio between different eigenvalues within one multiplet is universal and is determined by the anyonic quantum dimensions. This result is a consequence of the conservation of the total topological charge. For systems with non-Abelian topological order, this generalizes known degeneracies of the entanglement spectrum, which are hallmarks of topological states. Experimental detection of these entanglement spectrum signatures may become possible in Majorana wires using multicopy schemes, allowing the measurement of quantum entanglement and its symmetry resolution.

Performing PowerPoint lectures: examining the extent of slide-text integration into lecturers’ spoken expositions

ABSTRACTThe PowerPoint-assisted lecture (slide-lecture) is a common lecturing approach in higher education, in spite of much criticism of its use. Its popularity is facilitated by its affordances for multimodal instructional design, e.g. text with images and speech. Little is known about the integration of different semiotic modalities within the instructional communication practices of slide-lectures nor the learning conditions that they create. Given that text bulletpoints are ubiquitous in slide-lectures, and may impose linearity into instructional communications, this study explores the extent to which lecturing speech is systematically coordinated with slide-text. Eleven slide-lectures given in psychology departments across the UK were recorded and transcribed. Patterns of semantic matches between speech and slide-text were analysed to produce similarity scores for each lecturer. Lectures were scored using an integration scoring system of 0–1, with 1 indicating a perfect match of speech and slide-text. There was significant departure from a systematic voicing of the slide text (i.e. reading off the slides). Two characteristic speech–slide relationship styles were identified. The ‘referent’ style is one in which the slide is an object of reference for the lecturer to comment on and the ‘scaffolding’ style is one in which the slide-text is blended into the spoken narrative. Consequences of the lecturer’s coordination with presentational slides are discussed in terms of the learning environment it might produce. It is suggested that whichever relationship a lecturer has with their slide-text, students might benefit from the integration being consistent.Abbreviations: DA: Discourse Analysis; SPP: Secondary Pointing Procedures; ANOVA: Analysis of Variance

The development and evaluation of an online application to assist in the extraction of data from graphs for use in systematic reviews.

Background: The extraction of data from the reports of primary studies, on which the results of systematic reviews depend, needs to be carried out accurately. To aid reliability, it is recommended that two researchers carry out data extraction independently. The extraction of statistical data from graphs in PDF files is particularly challenging, as the process is usually completely manual, and reviewers need sometimes to revert to holding a ruler against the page to read off values: an inherently time-consuming and error-prone process. Methods: To mitigate some of the above problems we integrated and customised two existing JavaScript libraries to create a new web-based graphical data extraction tool to assist reviewers in extracting data from graphs. This tool aims to facilitate more accurate and timely data extraction through a user interface which can be used to extract data through mouse clicks. We carried out a non-inferiority evaluation to examine its performance in comparison with participants' standard practice for extracting data from graphs in PDF documents. Results: We found that the customised graphical data extraction tool is not inferior to users' (N=10) prior standard practice. Our study was not designed to show superiority, but suggests that, on average, participants saved around 6 minutes per graph using the new tool, accompanied by a substantial increase in accuracy. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the incorporation of this type of tool in online systematic review software would be beneficial in facilitating the production of accurate and timely evidence synthesis to improve decision-making.

Why is China a Reluctant Leader of the World Trade Organization?

ABSTRACT China has drawn massive benefits via expanded trade since it acceded to the WTO in 2001. We might therefore reasonably expect it to have taken a more assertive lead in trying to rectify the travails in which the organisation finds itself mired, attendant with its rising power status, its active trade diplomacy elsewhere, the high levels of relative gains it has enjoyed since becoming a member, and its broader trade dependency. That China has not done so represents a puzzle, which is usually answered with reference to the international picture: i.e. that global trade has appeared to be holding up reasonably well throughout and beyond the global crisis, and, despite some inchoate protectionism, there generally exists a broad commitment to an open trading regime. Yet this only tells part of the story: China’s approach cannot simply be ‘read off’ from the structural context and there are, in fact, a series of interesting domestic explanations for why China has remained a ‘reluctant leader’ of the WTO too. On the basis of a series of interviews with Chinese experts, we offer a more complete account of these processes that better recognises patterns of agency, and how China navigates a contingent international order.

Holographic Weyl anomaly for GJMS operators: one Laplacian to rule them all

The holographic Weyl anomaly for GJMS operators (or conformal powers of the Laplacian) are obtained in four and six dimensions. In the context of AdS/CFT correspondence, free conformal scalars with higher-derivative kinetic operators are induced by an ordinary second-derivative massive bulk scalar. At one-loop quantum level, the duality dictionary for partition functions entails an equality between the functional determinants of the corresponding kinetic operators and, in particular, it provides a holographic route to their Weyl anomalies. The heat kernel of a single bulk massive scalar field encodes the Weyl anomaly (type-A and type-B) coefficients for the whole tower of GJMS operators whenever they exist, as in the case of Einstein manifolds where they factorize into product of Laplacians.While a holographic derivation of the type-A Weyl anomaly was already worked out some years back, in this note we compute holographically (for the first time to the best of our knowledge) the type-B Weyl anomaly for the whole family of GJMS operators in four and six dimensions. There are two key ingredients that enable this novel holographic derivation that would be quite a daunting task otherwise: (i) a simple prescription for obtaining the holographic Weyl anomaly for higher-curvature gravities, previously found by the authors, that allows to read off directly the anomaly coefficients from the bulk action; and (ii) an implied WKB-exactness, after resummation, of the heat kernel for the massive scalar on a Poincaré-Einstein bulk metric with an Einstein metric on its conformal infinity.The holographically computed Weyl anomaly coefficients are explicitly verified on the boundary by exploiting the factorization of GJMS operators on Einstein manifolds and working out the relevant heat kernel coefficient.

The development and evaluation of an online application to assist in the extraction of data from graphs for use in systematic reviews

Background:The extraction of data from the reports of primary studies, on which the results of systematic reviews depend, needs to be carried out accurately. To aid reliability, it is recommended that two researchers carry out data extraction independently. The extraction of statistical data from graphs in PDF files is particularly challenging, as the process is usually completely manual, and reviewers need sometimes to revert to holding a ruler against the page to read off values: an inherently time-consuming and error-prone process.Methods:To mitigate some of the above problems we integrated and customised two existing JavaScript libraries to create a new web-based graphical data extraction tool to assist reviewers in extracting data from graphs. This tool aims to facilitate more accurate and timely data extraction through a user interface which can be used to extract data through mouse clicks. We carried out a non-inferiority evaluation to examine its performance in comparison to standard practice.Results:We found that the customised graphical data extraction tool is not inferior to users’ prior preferred current approaches. Our study was not designed to show superiority, but suggests that there may be a saving in time of around 6 minutes per graph, accompanied by a substantial increase in accuracy.Conclusions:Our study suggests that the incorporation of this type of tool in online systematic review software would be beneficial in facilitating the production of accurate and timely evidence synthesis to improve decision-making.

The development and evaluation of an online application to assist in the extraction of data from graphs for use in systematic reviews

Background: The extraction of data from the reports of primary studies, on which the results of systematic reviews depend, needs to be carried out accurately. To aid reliability, it is recommended that two researchers carry out data extraction independently. The extraction of statistical data from graphs in PDF files is particularly challenging, as the process is usually completely manual, and reviewers need sometimes to revert to holding a ruler against the page to read off values: an inherently time-consuming and error-prone process. Methods: To mitigate some of the above problems we integrated and customised two existing JavaScript libraries to create a new web-based graphical data extraction tool to assist reviewers in extracting data from graphs. This tool aims to facilitate more accurate and timely data extraction through a user interface which can be used to extract data through mouse clicks. We carried out a non-inferiority evaluation to examine its performance in comparison with participants’ standard practice for extracting data from graphs in PDF documents. Results: We found that the customised graphical data extraction tool is not inferior to users’ (N=10) prior standard practice. Our study was not designed to show superiority, but suggests that, on average, participants saved around 6 minutes per graph using the new tool, accompanied by a substantial increase in accuracy. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the incorporation of this type of tool in online systematic review software would be beneficial in facilitating the production of accurate and timely evidence synthesis to improve decision-making.

What is Really Wrong with Ontic Structural Realism? On the Possibility of Reading off Ontology from Current Fundamental Science

What is Really Wrong with Ontic Structural Realism? On the Possibility of Reading off Ontology from Current Fundamental Science

The development and evaluation of an online application to assist in the extraction of data from graphs for use in systematic reviews

Background:The extraction of data from the reports of primary studies, on which the results of systematic reviews depend, needs to be carried out accurately. To aid reliability, it is recommended that two researchers carry out data extraction independently. The extraction of statistical data from graphs in PDF files is particularly challenging, as the process is usually completely manual, and reviewers need sometimes to revert to holding a ruler against the page to read off values: an inherently time-consuming and error-prone process.Methods:To mitigate some of the above problems we developed a new web-based graphical data extraction tool to assist reviewers in extracting data from graphs. This tool aims to facilitate more accurate and timely data extraction through a user interface which can be used to extract data through mouse clicks. We carried out a non-inferiority evaluation to examine its performance in comparison to standard practice.Results:We found that our new graphical data extraction tool is not inferior to users’ prior preferred current approaches. Our study was not designed to show superiority, but suggests that there may be a saving in time of around 6 minutes per graph, accompanied by a substantial increase in accuracy.Conclusions:Our study suggests that the incorporation of this type of tool in online systematic review software would be beneficial in facilitating the production of accurate and timely evidence synthesis to improve decision-making.

Symmetries of the Eikonal equation

The infinitesimal algebra of Lie symmetries of the Eikonal equation is shown to be isomorphic to o(n+1,2) when there are n independent variables. An explicit basis is found that is aligned with the standard basis coming from the standard matrix representation of o(n+1,2) thereby making it possible to read off inequivalent one-dimensional symmetry vector fields. The symmetries are used to construct various solutions of the Eikonal equation.

F. O. Matthiessen's Modernist Hawthorne

F. O. Matthiessen's Modernist Hawthorne