Reaction Patterns Research Articles

Chronic Sclerosing Sialadenitis of the Submandibular Gland and its Histopathological Spectrum in the IgG4-Related Disease: a Series of 17 Cases.

This study aimed to characterize the histopathological immunohistochemical features of chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, emphasizing the IgG4-related disease. Seventeen cases of chronic sclerosing sialoadenitis were examined for histopathological aspects, (inflammation, fibrosis, glandular parenchyma, and lymphoid follicles) and immunohistochemistry (BCL2, CD3, CD20, CD34, CD163, p63, cyclin D1, mast cell, SMA, S100A4, IgG, and IgG4) which were scored. IgG4-related disease features were investigated. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. Males predominated (10:7), with an average lesion size of 3.9cm. Common histopathological findings included reduced acinar parenchyma, lymphoid follicle formation, and ductular proliferation. CD3-positive T lymphocytes and CD34- and SMA-positive stromal fibroblasts were abundant. Nine cases (53%) showed sialoliths and three cases met the criteria for IgG4-related disease. CSS of the submandibular gland represents a reactive pattern rather than IgG4-RD as only 3 cases seemed to be related to IgG4-RD. The immunohistochemical profile revealed an abundant population of CD3-positive T lymphocytes, as opposed to regulatory proteins such as cyclin D1, demonstrating that populations of CD34- and SMA-positive stromal fibroblasts contribute to the fibrosis characteristic of CSS. In addition, our results provide a comprehensive insight into the study of CSS and its relationship with IgG4-RD.

A panel of recombinant Leishmania donovani cell surface and secreted proteins identifies LdBPK_323600.1 as a serological marker of symptomatic infection.

Visceral leishmaniasis is fatal if left untreated with patients often displaying mild and non-specific symptoms during the early stages of infection making accurate diagnosis important. Current methods for diagnosis require highly trained medical staff to perform highly invasive biopsies of the liver or bone marrow which pose risks to the patient. Less invasive molecular tests are available but can suffer from regional variations in their ability to accurately diagnose an infection. To identify new diagnostic markers of visceral leishmaniasis, we produced and tested a panel of 93 proteins identified from the genome of the parasite responsible for this disease. We found that the pattern of host antibody reactivity to these proteins was broadly consistent across naturally acquired infections in both human patients and dogs, as well as experimental rodent infections. We identified a new protein called LdBPK_323600.1 that could accurately diagnose visceral leishmaniasis infections in humans.

Germaaluminocene – Maskierte Heterofulvene

AbstractSalzmetathesereaktionen zwischen Dikaliumgermacyclopentadiendiiden und Pentamethylcyclopentadienylaluminiumdichlorid bieten einen Zugang zu Germaaluminocenen. Das Reaktionsverhalten dieser Sandwichkomplexe wird durch das elektrophile, zentrale Aluminiumatom und das nukleophile, dikoordinierte Germaniumzentrum bestimmt. Überraschenderweise entsprechen die Produkte, welche bei den Reaktionen mit Lewis‐Säuren, Lewis‐Basen, amphiphilen Verbindungen und solchen mit polaren Doppelbindungen entstehen, denen, die bei der Reaktion eines hypothetischen Aluminagermapentafulvens mit derartigen Reaktandentypen erwartet werden. Dies legt nahe, dass es sich bei den Germaaluminocenen um synthetische Äquivalente eben dieser Pentafulvene handelt.

Germaaluminocenes-Masked Heterofulvenes.

Germaaluminocenes are formed by salt metathesis reactions of dipotassium germacyclopentadienediides with pentamethylcyclopentadienylaluminum dichloride. The reactivity pattern of these sandwich complexes is determined by the electrophilic central aluminum atom and by the nucleophilic dicoordinated germanium center. Surprisingly, the products formed by reactions with Lewis acids, Lewis bases, amphiphiles and compounds with polar double bonds are those expected from the reaction of a hypothetical aluminagermapentafulvene with these types of reagents. This suggests that germaaluminocenes are synthetic equivalents to these pentafulvenes.

Enhancing water resistance and flame retardancy of wood through phytic acid catalyzed in-situ polyesterification

The treatment of wood using in-situ polyesterification with citric acid and D-sorbitol (SCA) is a novel method for enhancing wood properties. This method can effectively improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. However, achieving effective fixation of polyester in wood at lower curing temperatures has not been achieved. In this study, phytic acid was used to catalyze in-situ polyesterification of SCA. The autocatalytic reaction pattern of SCA polyesterification was elucidated through an investigation of the kinetics of the curing reaction. It was also confirmed that phytic acid reduces the curing temperature and activation energy of SCA. The investigation of polyesters revealed that phytic acid catalysis enhances the esterification degree and thermal stability of the polyester. Wood treated with SCA and 2%wt phytic acid exhibited a 44% reduction in polyester leaching. Moreover, it demonstrated high water resistance and dimensional stability, with water repellency efficiency of up to 33.8% and anti-swelling efficiency of up to 46.2%. Remarkably, it exhibited excellent flame retardancy, with an oxygen index of 33.1% and a 47.5% reduction in total heat release. The outstanding flame retardancy is attributed to the dual action of phytic acid in both the solid phase and gas phase.

Sperm Incubation in Biggers-Whitten-Whittingham Medium Induces Capacitation-Related Changes in the Lizard Sceloporus torquatus.

Sperm capacitation involves biochemical and physiological changes that enable sperm to fertilize the oocyte. It can be induced in vitro under controlled conditions that simulate the environment of the oviduct. While extensively studied in mammals, its approach in lizards remains absent. Understanding the mechanisms that ensure reproduction is essential for advancing the implementation of assisted reproductive technologies in this group. We aimed to perform a sperm analysis to determine if capacitation-related changes were induced after incubation with capacitating media. Fifteen males of Sceloporus torquatus were collected during the early stage of the reproductive season. The sperm were isolated from the seminal plasma and then diluted up to a volume of 150 μL using BWW medium to incubate with 5% CO2 at 30 °C for a maximum duration of 3 h. A fraction was retrieved hourly for ongoing sperm assessment. The sperm analysis included assessments of its motility, viability, the capacitation status using the chlortetracycline (CTC) assay, and the acrosome integrity with the lectin binding assay to detect changes during incubation. We found that total motility was maintained up to 2 h post incubation, after which it decreased. However, sperm viability remained constant. From that moment on, we observed a transition to a deeper and less symmetrical flagellar bending in many spermatozoa. The CTC assay indicated a reduction in the percentage of sperm showing the full (F) pattern and an increase in those exhibiting the capacitated (B) and reactive (RA) patterns, accompanied by an elevation in the percentage of damaged acrosomes as revealed by the lectin binding assay. In mammals, these changes are often associated with sperm capacitation. Our observations support the notion that this process may also occur in saurian. While sperm analysis is a valuable method for assessing certain functional changes, additional approaches are required to validate this process.

Analysis of cementitious pore solutions with very high time resolution by coupling cross flow filtration and ICP-OES

Pore solution analysis is a powerful tool for understanding reactions that occur during the cement hydration. Crossflow filtration of cement paste provides more detailed insight into reactions and reaction pathways compared to standard methods for gaining pore fluid. In particular, the large time resolution for the analysis enables the characterization of fast processes like adsorption kinetics and hydration reactions of aluminate phases in unprecedented detail. A direct comparison of the crossflow filtration results with those obtained using a filter press showed no significant difference in pore solution composition. With this method, it is possible to analyze the complex reaction patterns of cementitious reactions in great detail during the first minutes of hydration. This is especially important for chemically admixed systems.

Allergen skin test responses in broad U.S. asthma population in those with and without rhinitis.

Background: Asthma and allergic rhinitis are pathologically interlinked conditions. Despite skin testing (ST) being pivotal for evaluating allergic sensitization, U.S. data that date back to 1960s on ST reactivity patterns in subjects with asthma remain sparse. Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate seasonal, perennial ST responses, and their relationship with asthma severity, early versus late onset disease, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Methods: Five hundred patients with asthma were randomly selected from the National Jewish Health electronic medical record over a 3-year span. Demographic, clinical, and allergen ST reactivity data for a battery of seasonal and perennial allergens were procured, including total IgE levels, asthma onset, and severity, by using t-tests, χ² tests, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), patterns of reactivity were assessed for overall, seasonal, and perennial allergens in relation to IgE levels, asthma onset, and severity. Results: Of the 500 patients, 398 were analyzed. 63.3% were women, 50.1% had adult-onset asthma, and 86.1% had rhinitis; 75.3% tested positive to one or more allergens, with men demonstrating higher overall (p = 0.039) and perennial (p = 0.035) sensitization. ST reactivity varied based on the presence of rhinitis for seasonal (p = 0.028) but not perennial (p = 0.733) allergens. Asthma severity was not significantly associated with ST reactivity (p > 0.10). ST positivity for perennial (p < 0.001) but not seasonal (p = 0.128) allergens was higher in childhood-onset asthma versus adult-onset asthma despite both groups having a large percentage of reactors. Elevated IgE levels correlated with ST reactivity (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our study represents a unique comprehensive evaluation of ST reactivity in a U.S. asthma population, which is lacking in the literature, when factoring in asthma onset, severity, and IgE levels. Our findings underscore the importance of allergen sensitization in asthma, regardless of severity, concurrent rhinitis symptoms, or asthma onset, which challenge some of the prevailing assumptions about the relationship between allergen sensitization and asthma onset.

Diagnosis and treatment of atopic skin syndrome in cats

Background: Feline allergic skin disease presents a diagnostic challenge due to the potentially subtle and widely variable clinical presentations known as feline reaction patterns. Cats are often secretive in their pruritic behaviours and so, unlike with canine disease, the clinical history for a cat may not give insight into the presence of pruritus. Once a diagnosis of feline allergic disease is achieved, there are several treatment options available; however, the majority have not been studied extensively in cats and many represent off‐license use.Aim of the article: This article outlines the relevant steps in making a diagnosis of feline atopic skin syndrome and reviews the treatment options available.

On wavefront patterns in a fractional reaction–diffusion model for predator–prey system with anti-predator behavior

AbstractIn recent studies, much attention has been paid to reaction–diffusion systems with anomalous diffusion. In this paper, we investigate the formation of wavefront patterns in a predator–prey model with anti-predator behavior under the influence of anomalous subdiffusion. We use methods of traveling wave analysis and numerical integration to establish the existence of traveling wavefront solutions. Further, obtained traveling wavefront solutions are validated through direct computer simulations of time-dependent solutions for fractional partial differential equation system. It is found that wavefronts exist in a range of system parameters, which travel faster in the subdiffusive system than in the normal diffusive one.

Argument Patterns in Redox Reaction and Electrochemistry Topics in a High School Textbook

Presenting teaching material in an argumentative manner makes it easier for students to understand it. This study aimed to describe and explain Toulmin’s argument patterns, their percentages, the quality of arguments, and incorrect arguments in the redox reactions and electrochemistry topic in one high school chemistry textbook. The research method was document analysis. Validity was tested by triangulation among three researchers. The results showed that the patterns of Toulmin’s arguments of two, three, and four elements were 51%, 34%, and 6%, respectively. The two-element argument patterns consisted of CG and GC. The three-element argument patterns comprised CGW, GWC, CWG, WCG, and GCW. The four-element argument patterns comprised GCWB, CGWB, GWCB, and CGWR. The quality of the arguments according to the parameters of the Toulmin Argumentation Protocols (TAP) varied from medium to high. In contrast, the quality based on the Quality of Argument Structure Rubric (QASR) parameters varied from fair to excellent. There were five claims, eight grounds, and two warrants that were not precise or incomplete. Most of the arguments were well written, but there were many shortcomings in providing explanations. This topic needs to be supplemented with more elements of arguments. Keywords: argument patterns, redox reactions, electrochemistry, textbook

Motor-related cortical oscillations distinguish one’s own from a partner’s contributions to a joint action

The ability to distinguish between one’s own and others’ actions is a requirement for successful joint action. Such a distinction might be supported by dissociable motor activity underlying each partner’s individual contributions to the joint action. However, little research has directly compared motor activity associated with one’s own vs. others’ actions during joint action. The current study investigated whether motor-related cortical oscillations distinguish between self- and partner-produced actions when partners take turns producing taps to meet a joint timing goal. Across two experiments, the degree of beta suppression differentiated one’s own from a partner’s actions, with more suppression occurring during one’s own actions than during a partner’s actions. Self-partner differences in mu suppression were also evident, particularly when partners produced actions in succession. Increased beta suppression was also observed during partners’ actions when they were followed by one’s own actions, suggesting that the coordination demands imposed by the joint action could affect the pattern of beta reactivity during a turn-taking joint action. Together, these findings demonstrate that dynamic patterns of motor activity underpin successful joint action and that periods of distinct motor activity are associated with one’s own contributions to a joint action.

Analysing adverse drug reaction patterns observed during district residency program: a prospective observational study

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose a substantial cost to global healthcare systems. The heterogeneous patient demographics and healthcare environments of district residency programmes (DRPs) provide special possibilities for detecting trends of ADRs. In order recognize recurring trends and related variables, this study will examine ADR incidents that occur during DRPs. Methods: A prospective observational research with forty-three patients was carried out. Standardized reporting forms were used to gather data on ADRs, and descriptive statistical techniques were used to analyse the results. We evaluated medication information, patient demographics, and ADR features to seek for patterns and potential causes. Results: Preliminary analysis revealed a diverse range of ADRs observed during DRPs, spanning various severity levels and therapeutic classes. Common ADRs included gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, and central nervous system effects. Factors such as patient age, polypharmacy, and comorbidities emerged as potential predictors of ADR occurrence. Conclusions: The panorama of ADRs seen during DRPs is clarified by this study, underscoring the significance of careful monitoring, and reporting mechanisms in these initiatives. Gaining insight into ADR trends and related variables can help in improving patient safety, simplifying drug management plans, and directing future educational initiatives for medical professionals.

Serology and molecular genetic analysis of two unrelated individuals with the same novel CisAB blood type

ObjectiveThis study aims to report two unrelated individuals with the same novel CisAB blood type and confirm this rare blood type using a comprehensive approach that combines serological and molecular biology techniques. MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from two patients and their family members. ABO blood typing and antibody detection were performed using conventional tube methods. Molecular biology techniques were employed to amplify and sequence the 6th and 7th exons of the ABO gene, with reference to gene mutation databases provided by NCBI and ISBT. ResultsThe genotypes of the two unrelated individuals were identical and were confirmed as a new genotype through ISBT gene database comparison. Serological testing results showed different antigen reaction patterns, especially in terms of reverse typing. Gene sequencing identified a series of mutation points, and both unrelated individuals and one of their daughters had mutations at 297 A>G, 526 C>G, 657 C>T, 703 G>A, 803 G>C, and 930 G>A. According to the comprehensive results from The Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database provided by NCBI, the genotype was determined as Bw37. However, based on the results from Names for ABO (ISBT 001) blood group alleles v1.1 171023, the sequencing results indicated a novel mutation combination not found in the ISBT database. Considering the serological reactions of all three individuals, the final determination was CisAB. ConclusionsThis study confirmed the novel CisAB blood type in two individuals through the comprehensive application of serology and molecular biology techniques. The identified gene mutation points were not recorded in known databases, emphasizing the uniqueness of CisAB blood types. This research provides important insights into the genetic basis of ABO subtypes and the characteristics of CisAB blood types, and the relevant results have been submitted to the ISBT website for further research.

Vehicle-to-Cyclist Collision Prediction Models by Applying Machine Learning Techniques to Virtual Reality Bicycle Simulator Data

The study of vulnerable road users (VRUs) behavior is key to designing and optimizing driving assistance systems, such as the autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system. These kinds of devices could help lower the VRU accident rate, which is of particular interest to cyclists, who are the subject of this research. To better understand cyclists’ reaction patterns in frequently occurring collision scenarios in urban environments, this paper focuses on developing a virtual reality (VR) simulator for cyclists (VRBikeSim) that incorporates eye-tracking functionality. The braking and steering systems were calibrated by means of on-track tests with a sensorized bicycle in order to improve the accuracy of the bicycle virtual model. From the data obtained in the virtual tests, a battery of predictive models was built using supervised machine learning classifiers. All of them exhibited an accuracy higher than 85%, especially the K-Nearest Neighbors model. This model allowed us to obtain the best balance between the prediction of avoidance and collision cases, as well as enabling computationally lower times to be incorporated into the decision-making algorithm of an AEB system.

Unravelling the role of precursors phosphine`s features in governing the reactivity of [MCl2(P-P)] (M = Pd, Pt) towards formation of thiolate complexes via S−S and S−C bond cleavage

Group 10 thiolate complexes have been in the quest zone of research due to pertinent catalytic potential. The present work unravels the role of precursor phosphine`s feature in their reactivity towards 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thiol and subsequent thiolate complex. Synthesized thiolate complexes were thoroughly characterized using elemental analyses, NMR (1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H}), UV–Vis spectroscopy and Single Crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Treatment of [MCl2(PPh3)2] (M = Pd, Pt) with two equivalents of NaSC4H(4,6-Me)N2 resulted in chelated [Pd{κ-S, κ-N: SC4H(4,6-Me)2N2}{SC4H(4,6-Me)2N2}(PPh3)] (1a) as well as an expected trans compound [Pt{SC4H(4,6-Me)2N2}2(PPh3)2] (1b). A similar reaction with the chelating phosphine ‘dppm’ (dppm = 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) as an ancillary ligand resulted in the serendipitous product of composition [Pd2(µ2-S){SC4H(4,6-Me)2N2}2(µ2-dppm)2] (2a) depending upon competitive cleavage of S-S and S-C bond. The reaction of [PdCl2(dppe)] afforded a cis configured compound [Pd{2-SC4H(4,6-Me)2N2}2(dppe)] (2b). Contrary, the similar reaction of [PdCl2(dppp)] results in removal of ‘dppp’ (1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) yielding the chelated complex [Pd{κ-S, κ-N: SC4H(4,6-Me)2N2}2] (2c). Above all, the reactivity of 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thiol significantly differs compared to unsubstituted pyrimidyl, pyridyl analogue which has been attributed to the additional richness of electrons/activation in the ring which in turn facilitates competitive reactivity pattern of S-S and S-C bond. The virtue of such activation can easily be understood by the isolation of complex [Pd2(µ2-S){SC4H(4,6-Me)2N2}2(µ2-dppm)2] (2a). Rationalization of results via DFT calculation reveals that projection angle P-M-P (ranging from ∼75 to 92°) driven structural change in the chelating phosphine and associated degree of softness in ligand molecule played a crucial role in governing the resulting product of substitution reaction as dimeric, monomeric and chelated complexes. Thus, projection angle- driven geometrical and electronic structure and variation provide opportunity and direction to efficiently derive biologically as well as academically important complexes.

Mercury‐Group 13 Metal Covalent Bonds: A Systematic Comparison of Aluminyl, Gallyl and Indyl Metallo‐ligands

AbstractBimetallic compounds containing direct metal‐group 13 element bonds have been shown to display unprecedented patterns of cooperative reactivity towards small molecules, which can be influenced by the identity of the group 13 element. In this context, we present here a systematic appraisal of group 13 metallo‐ligands of the type [(NON)E]− (NON=4,5‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylanilido)‐2,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene) for E=Al, Ga and In, through a comparison of structural and spectroscopic parameters associated with the trans L or X ligands in linear d10 complexes of the types LM{E(NON)} and XM′{E(NON)}. These studies are facilitated by convenient syntheses (from the In(I) precursor, InCp) of the potassium indyl species [{K(NON)In}⋅KCp]n (1) and [(18‐crown‐6)2K2Cp] [(NON)In] (1′), and lead to the first structural characterisation of Ag−In and Hg−E (E=Al, In) covalent bonds. The resulting structural, spectroscopic and quantum chemical probes of Ag/Hg complexes are consistent with markedly stronger σ‐donor capabilities of the aluminyl ligand, [(NON)Al]−, over its gallium and indium counterparts.

Mercury-Group 13 Metal Covalent Bonds: A Systematic Comparison of Aluminyl, Gallyl and Indyl Metallo-ligands.

Bimetallic compounds containing direct metal-group 13 element bonds have been shown to display unprecedented patterns of cooperative reactivity towards small molecules, which can be influenced by the identity of the group 13 element. In this context, we present here a systematic appraisal of group 13 metallo-ligands of the type [(NON)E]- (NON=4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylanilido)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene) for E=Al, Ga and In, through a comparison of structural and spectroscopic parameters associated with the trans L or X ligands in linear d10 complexes of the types LM{E(NON)} and XM'{E(NON)}. These studies are facilitated by convenient syntheses (from the In(I) precursor, InCp) of the potassium indyl species [{K(NON)In}⋅KCp]n (1) and [(18-crown-6)2K2Cp] [(NON)In] (1'), and lead to the first structural characterisation of Ag-In and Hg-E (E=Al, In) covalent bonds. The resulting structural, spectroscopic and quantum chemical probes of Ag/Hg complexes are consistent with markedly stronger σ-donor capabilities of the aluminyl ligand, [(NON)Al]-, over its gallium and indium counterparts.

Epizootological and aetiopathogenetic aspects of mycobacterioses

Animal mycobacterioses, unlike those in humans, are not in the focus of veterinary science and practice for various reasons. This fact, as well as some others, including the growing incidence of human mycobacteriosis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria involved in the sensitisation of productive animals, is an objective, albeit indirect, indication of the existing problem of mycobacteriosis in veterinary medicine. This study employed the comparative geographical and epizootological methods of analysis. The findings obtained from the publications of scientists from around the world helped to summarise and objectively assess the severity of the epizootic situation regarding mycobacteriosis in animals in the world and in Ukraine, to identify a range of features of the infectious and epizootic processes, and to establish the dominant aetiopathogenetic criteria for this infection in animal populations. Animal mycobacteriosis is the subject of detailed scientific research in most countries of the world, as this disease is widespread among productive and unproductive (domestic and wild) animals, as well as the fish fauna of sea and river waters. It was found that the most common causative agents of mycobacteriosis are nontuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium complex, M. abscessus complex, M. kansasii, and M. fortuitum, and some others. In Ukraine, animal mycobacteriosis is not given due attention, even though parallergic reactions to tuberculin in cattle lead to complications in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. They cause considerable losses in dairy farming due to the culling and slaughter of highly productive cows. Identification of aetiopathogenetic patterns of paraallergic reactions to tuberculin in productive animals is a key to effective control and management of the epizootic process of animal mycobacteriosis and reduction of biohazards of human infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria through food of animal origin

Stroke Recovery-Related Changes in Cortical Reactivity Based on Modulation of Intracortical Inhibition.

Cortical excitation/inhibition dynamics have been suggested as a key mechanism occurring after stroke. Their supportive or maladaptive role in the course of recovery is still not completely understood. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-electroencephalography coupling to study cortical reactivity and intracortical GABAergic inhibition, as well as their relationship to residual motor function and recovery longitudinally in patients with stroke. Electroencephalography responses evoked by TMS applied to the ipsilesional motor cortex were acquired in patients with stroke with upper limb motor deficit in the acute (1 week), early (3 weeks), and late subacute (3 months) stages. Readouts of cortical reactivity, intracortical inhibition, and complexity of the evoked dynamics were drawn from TMS-evoked potentials induced by single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS (short-interval intracortical inhibition). Residual motor function was quantified through a detailed motor evaluation. From 76 patients enrolled, 66 were included (68.2±13.2 years old, 18 females), with a Fugl-Meyer score of the upper extremity of 46.8±19. The comparison with TMS-evoked potentials of healthy older revealed that most affected patients exhibited larger and simpler brain reactivity patterns (Pcluster<0.05). Bayesian ANCOVA statistical evidence for a link between abnormally high motor cortical excitability and impairment level. A decrease in excitability in the following months was significantly correlated with better motor recovery in the whole cohort and the subgroup of recovering patients. Investigation of the intracortical GABAergic inhibitory system revealed the presence of beneficial disinhibition in the acute stage, followed by a normalization of inhibitory activity. This was supported by significant correlations between motor scores and the contrast of local mean field power and readouts of signal dynamics. The present results revealed an abnormal motor cortical reactivity in patients with stroke, which was driven by perturbations and longitudinal changes within the intracortical inhibition system. They support the view that disinhibition in the ipsilesional motor cortex during the first-week poststroke is beneficial and promotes neuronal plasticity and recovery.