Blood Reactive Oxygen Species Research Articles

Changing dietary habits increases the intake of antioxidant vitamins and reduces the concentration of reactive oxygen species in blood: a pilot study

ABSTRACT The present study investigated whether changes in diet associated with an increased intake of micronutrients with antioxidant potential could affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation determined by EPR-spectroscopy. Out of initial 16 participants, 6 participants (28.3 ± 6.8 years) demonstrated a nutritional behavior below current national recommendations and were instructed to follow a mixed healthy diet for 2 weeks. ROS formation and nutrient intake were measured before and after the intervention and nutrient intake was quantified by nutritional protocols. The results indicated that ROS generation significantly decreased (p < .05). This was accompanied by a significantly increased intake of vitamin C (p < .05), vitamin E (p < .05), β-carotene (p < .01). This study showed that mixed healthy diet increased dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and reduced ROS concentrations. The results indicated that EPR spectroscopy could be a useful tool to identify health-related effects of dietary regimens on ROS.

Застосування ентеросорбенту “карболайн” для корекції окиснювальних процесів у щурів різного віку, уражених натрію нітритом на тлі тютюнової інтоксикації

Introduction. One of the priorities of toxicology and medicine is the study of the characteristics and mechanisms of action of combined xenobiotics – many risk factors for environmentally dependent diseases. Under the influence of extreme factors of various origins (heavy metals, nitrates, pesticides, tobacco, alcohol), formation of ROS, leading to the development of oxidative stress in the organism, which is accompanied by activation of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins is enhanced. Under these conditions antioxidants and sorbents are commonly used.The aim of the study – to explore efficiency of enterosorbent karbolayn and its effect on oxidative processes in rats of different ages affected by sodium nitrite on the background of the 30-day tobacco intoxication.Research Methods. Given the defeat of rats of different ages sodium nitrite on the background of tobacco intoxication were tested for the ROS in the population of neutrophils, obtained by centrifugation on a double density gradient 1.077 and 1.093 ficoll-verografin, the content of TBA-active products in reaction with thiobarbituric acid and oxidative modification of proteins 2.4 dynitrofenilhidrazones content.Results and Discussion. The highest activity of free radical processes was marked after the defeat of sodium nitrite in 72 hours to 30 day of suspension toxicity of tobacco smoke. Immature and old rats were much more sensitive to the action of toxins than mature animals. Immature and old rats were much more sensitive to the action of toxins than mature animals. In order to inhibition of oxidative processes activated sorbent used by us karbolayn led to a slight normalization of the studied parameters. There was a trend toward reduction of reactive oxygen species in blood, TBA-active products and 2.4 dynitrophenilhidrazones in the studied tissues.Conclusions. The results indicate the advisability of including karbolayn to comprehensive treatment of poisoning of various origins.

Immobilization of superoxide dismutase/catalase onto polysulfone membranes to suppress hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress: A comparison of two immobilization methods

The objective of this study is to improve the blood compatibility of polysulfone (PSF) based hemodialysis membranes through generating antioxidative surfaces with superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase (CAT) enzyme couple immobilization. Enzymes were attached both covalently and ionically on the plasma treated and polyethyleneimine (PEI) deposited membranes, respectively. The loss of enzymes from PEI modified surface at the end of 4h was found to be relatively higher during storage in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 when compared to the enzymes on the plasma treated surface. The kinetic studies indicated that SOD catalyzed the reaction in the diffusion-limited regime at all substrate concentrations and its inactivation by hydrogen peroxide was prevented in the presence of CAT. SOD/CAT coated PSF membranes were capable of reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species in blood and can significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time. In addition, both the adsorption of human plasma proteins and platelet activation on all modified membranes decreased significantly compared to the unmodified PSF membranes. Proposed modification methods did not affect high permeability, high mechanical strength or the non-toxic properties of the PSF membranes.

The natural stilbenoid pinosylvin and activated neutrophils: effects on oxidative burst, protein kinase C, apoptosis and efficiency in adjuvant arthritis.

To investigate the effects of the naturally occurring stilbenoid pinosylvin on neutrophil activity in vitro and in experimental arthritis, and to examine whether protein kinase C (PKC) activation served as an assumed target of pinosylvin action. Fresh human blood neutrophils were isolated. The oxidative burst of neutrophils was evaluated on the basis of enhanced chemiluminescence. Neutrophil viability was evaluated with flow cytometry, and PKC phosphorylation was assessed by Western blotting analysis. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in Lewis rats with heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum, and the animals were administered with pinosylvin (30 mg/kg, po) daily for 21 d after arthritis induction. In isolated human neutrophils, pinosylvin (10 and 100 μmol/L) significantly decreased the formation of oxidants, both extra- and intracellularly, and effectively inhibited PKC activation stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (0.05 μmol/L). The inhibition was not due to neutrophil damage or increased apoptosis. In arthritic rats, the number of neutrophils in blood was dramatically increased, and whole blood chemiluminescence (spontaneous and PMA-stimulated) was markedly enhanced. Pinosylvin administration decreased the number of neutrophils (from 69 671 ± 5588/μL to 51 293 ± 3947/μL, P=0.0198) and significantly reduced the amount of reactive oxygen species in blood. Pinosylvin is an effective inhibitor of neutrophil activity, and is potentially useful as a complementary medicine in states associated with persistent inflammation.

Chronic Exposure to Arsenic in Tap Water Reduces Acetylcholine-induced Relaxation in the Aorta and Increases Oxidative Stress in Female Rats

The aim of this work is to determine whether consuming tap water containing arsenic (20 microg/L) alters oxidative stress levels in female rats and changes vascular response. Whereas nitric oxide produces complete relaxation, arsenic (7 months of exposure) impairs the acetylcholine-induced endothelial relaxation in the rat aorta compared with control rats. Arsenic exposure results in a marked elevation in reactive oxygen species in blood, and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, which is a sensitive biomarker for arsenic toxicity and oxidative stress, is significantly decreased in erythrocytes from 7-month-old rats. Diastolic blood pressure increases significantly in 7-month-old arsenic-treated versus control rats. The percentage of change in peripheral resistance increases. The results indicate that chronic environmental exposure to low levels of arsenic alters the release of vasoactive substances, causes changes in oxidative stress, and increases blood pressure in female rats.

Co-Administration of Monoisoamyl Dimercaptosuccinic Acid and Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder Protects Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Metal Distribution in Mice

Arsenic contamination of groundwater in the West Bengal basin in India is unfolding as one of the worst natural geo-environmental disasters to date. Chelation therapy with chelating agents is considered to be the best known treatment against arsenic poisoning; however, they are compromised with certain serious drawbacks/side-effects. Efficacy of combined administration of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) (English: Drumstick tree) seed powder, a herbal extract, with a thiol chelator monoisoamyl DMSA (MiADMSA) post-arsenic exposure in mice was studied. Mice were exposed to 100 ppm arsenic in drinking water for 6 months, followed by 10-days treatment with M. oleifera seed powder (500 mg/kg, orally through gastric gavage, once daily), MiADMSA (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily) either individually or in combination. Arsenic exposure caused significant decrease in blood glutathione, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species in blood and soft tissues. Significant inhibition of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in tissues (liver in particular) along with significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and metallothionein levels in arsenic intoxicated mice was also noted. Combined administration of MiADMSA with M. oleifera proved better than all other treatments in the recovery of most of the above parameters accompanied by more pronounced depletion of arsenic. The results suggest that concomitant administration of M. oleifera during chelation treatment with MiADMSA might be a better treatment option than monotherapy with the thiol chelator in chronic arsenic toxicity.

Effect of laser radiation on production of reactive oxygen species in the blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The effect of laser radiation on generation of reactive oxygen species in the whole blood from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was studied by in vitro recording of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Laser irradiation of the blood from patients with increased production of reactive oxygen species decreased the microbicidal potential of cells. In patients with low generation of reactive oxygen species and normal potential of cells, laser exposure increased production of O2 metabolites. Laser radiation had little effect on chemiluminescence of the blood in patients with low generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased functional activity of cells.

Oxidative stress as a mechanism of diabetes in diabetic BB prone rats: effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG).

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) isolated from flaxseed has antioxidant activity and has been shown to prevent hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. An investigation was made of the effects of SDG on the development of diabetes in diabetic prone BioBreeding rats (BBdp rats), a model of human type I diabetes [insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)] to determine if this type of diabetes is due to oxidative stress and if SDG can prevent the incidence of diabetes. The rats were divided into three groups: Group I, BioBreeding normal rats (BBn rats) (n = 10); group II, BBdp untreated (n = 11); and group III, BBdp treated with SDG 22 mg/kg body wt, orally) (n = 14). Oxidative stress was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) an index of level of reactive oxygen species in blood and pancreas; and pancreatic chemiluminescence (Pancreatic-CL), a measure of antioxidant reserve. Incidence of diabetes was 72.7% in untreated and 21.4% in SDG-treated group as determined by glycosuria and hyperglycemia. SDG prevented the development of diabetes by approximately 71%. Development of diabetes was associated with an increase in serum and pancreatic MDA and a decrease in antioxidant reserve. Prevention in development of diabetes by SDG was associated with a decrease in serum and pancreatic-MDA and an increase in antioxidant reserve. These results suggest that IDDM is mediated through oxidative stress and that SDG prevents the development of diabetes.

Formation of reactive oxygen species in blood triggered by extacellular CA2+: [formula omitted], Olaf Sommer and Eberhard Bassenge. Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, D-79104 Germany

The enzyme of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity has been reported to be elevated in blood from diabetic patients. SSAO are widely distributed in plasma membranes of various tissues and blood plasma. SSAO-mediated production of toxic aldehydes has been proposed to be related to pathophysiological conditions. Cytotoxic metabolites by SSAO may cause endothelial injury and subsequently induce atherosclerosis. The precise physiological functions of SSAO could play an important role in the control of energy balance in adipose tissue. It is possible that the increased SSAO activity in diabetes may be a result of up-regulation due to increase of SSAO substrates, such as methylamine or aminoacetone. SSAO could play an important role in the regulation of adipocyte homeostasis. Inhibition of SSAO could be of therapeutic value for treatment of diabetic patient.

Effects of calcium ions on extracellular and intracellular processes of production of reactive oxygen species in blood phagocytic cells

Preincubation of phagocytes with ryosidine and EGTA increases the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species and decreases their extracellular production in cells activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Ryosidine and EGTA decreased intra-and extracellular production of reactive oxygen species in formyl peptide-stimulated leukocytes. The addition of the ionophore A23187 led to the appearance of reactive oxygen species in the extracellular, but not in the intracellular, medium.