Reactive Oxygen Metabolites Levels Research Articles

Oxidative stress and antibody levels to periodontal bacteria in adults: the Nagasaki Islands study

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the teeth and is caused by subgingival plaque. Systemic increases in reactive oxygen species are involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study addressed the relationship between levels of serum oxidative stress and antibodies against putative periodontopathic bacteria and their association with periodontal conditions, in a community-based study. Serum samples were measured for reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) levels and anti-oxidant capacity. The serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), and Eikenella corrodens (Ec) were determined by ELISA. The participants with greater clinical attachment loss had higher serum ROM levels and IgG antibody titers to Pg. Serum ROM levels were positively correlated with antibody titers to Pg, Pi, and Ec. When the participants with greater probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were used as the dependent variables, high ROM levels showed a statistically significant associations in multivariate logistic analyses; the adjusted odds ratios were 2.9 (95% confidence interval=1.0-8.5) and 6.0 (95% confidence interval=2.0-17.6), respectively. It was concluded that an increased oxidative stress may be detrimental to periodontitis in Japanese community-dwelling adults.

Relationship between obesity and serum reactive oxygen metabolites in adolescents

Various cross-sectional studies have revealed a significant positive relationship between systemic oxidative stress and obesity-related indices such as body mass index (BMI, kg/m²). However, little is known of the role of oxidative stress during adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine the association between obesity and serum reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) in adolescents. A total of 595 healthy junior high school students from northern Japan were enrolled in the study. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring serum levels of ROM. Obesity indices included BMI and percentage body fat (PBF). The analyses were stratified by sex and controlled for age and menarche. Partial correlation coefficients and analysis of covariance were also analyzed. In female students, ROM levels increased with increasing BMI and PBF. Therefore, ROM levels were significantly higher in the underweight group than in the BMI-classified overweight-obese (P < 0.001) and normal weight groups (P < 0.05). ROM levels were significantly higher in the high PBF group than in the underweight (P < 0.05) and normal groups (P < 0.001). The results of this study show that, regardless of menarche, obesity indicators such as BMI and PBF are correlated with the level of oxidative stress in female adolescents.

Serum oxidative–anti‐oxidative stress balance is dysregulated in patients with hepatitis C virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma

Oxidative stress is associated with progression of chronic liver disease (CLD). This association is best established in chronic hepatitis C. However, the anti-oxidative state is not well characterized. The objective of the present study was to investigate the balance of oxidative and anti-oxidative stress in CLD patients. We recruited a study population of 208 patients, including healthy volunteers (HV; n = 15), patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related CLD without or with hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-non-HCC, n = 25, and HBV-HCC, n = 50, respectively), and patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related CLD without or with HCC (HCV-non-HCC, n = 49, and HCV-HCC, n = 69, respectively). Serum levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and anti-oxidative markers (OXY-adsorbent test; OXY) were determined, and the balance of these values was used as the oxidative index. Correlations among ROM, OXY, oxidative index and clinical characteristics were investigated. Patients with CLD exhibited elevated ROM and oxidative index compared to HV. Among patients with CLD, HCV positive status correlated with increased ROM. In CLD, HCV-HCC patients exhibited the highest ROM levels. Among HCV-related CLD patients, lower OXY correlated with HCC positive status, but was recovered by eradication of HCC. In HCV-HCC, lower OXY correlated with high PT-INR. HCV positive CLD patients displayed higher oxidative stress and HCV-HCC patients displayed lower anti-oxidative state. Anti-oxidative state depression was associated with liver reservoir-related data in HCV-HCC and could be reversed with HCC eradication.

Plasma reactive oxygen metabolites and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity are not affected by an acute increase of metabolic rate in zebra finches

Understanding the sources of variation in oxidative stress level is a challenging issue due to the implications of oxidative stress for late age diseases, longevity and life-history trade-offs. Reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative stress are mostly a by-product of energy metabolism and it is therefore often assumed that oxidative stress is proportional to energy consumption. In mammals, an increased metabolic rate induced by cold exposure generally increases oxidative stress. However, compared to mammals, birds generate fewer free radicals per ATP produced and hence it is not obvious that, in birds, a cold-induced increase of metabolic rate increase oxidative stress. We tested whether cold-induced increase in metabolic rate increased oxidative stress in zebra finches by exposing individuals to cold and warm overnight temperatures. We registered metabolic rate and plasma levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), a measure of oxidative damage. Metabolic rate was on average 88% higher in cold compared to warm temperature, with females being stronger affected than males. However, temperature had no effect on plasma antioxidants or our measure of oxidative damage. Middle-age birds had higher levels of plasma antioxidants than younger and older birds, but age was unrelated to ROMs. Birds showed repeatability of plasma ROMs across temperatures but not of non-enzymatic antioxidants. In contrast to similar studies in mammals, our results do not show evidence of increased oxidative stress in plasma after an acute cold-induced increase of metabolic rate but research in more bird species is needed to assess the generality of this pattern.

Detection of reactive oxygen metabolites in malignant and adjacent normal tissues of patients with lung cancer

BackgroundDifferent types of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) are known to be involved in carcinogenesis. Several studies have emphasized the formation of ROMs in ischemic tissues and in cases of inflammation. The increased amounts of ROMs in tumor tissues can either be because of their causative effects or because they are produced by the tumor itself. Our study aimed to investigate and compare the levels of ROMs in tumor tissue and adjacent lung parenchyma obtained from patients with lung cancer.MethodsFifteen patients (all male, mean age 63.6 ± 9 years) with non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in the study. All patients were smokers. Of the patients with lung cancer, twelve had epidermoid carcinoma and three had adenocarcinoma. During anatomical resection of the lung, tumor tissue and macroscopically adjacent healthy lung parenchyma (control) that was 5 cm away from the tumor were obtained. The tissues were freshly frozen and stored at −20°C. The generation of ROMs was monitored using luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) techniques.ResultsBoth luminol (specific for .OH, H2O2, and HOCl-) and lucigenin (selective for O2.-) CL measurements were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in control tissues (P <0.001). Luminol and lucigenin CL measurements were 1.93 ± 0.71 and 2.5 ± 0.84 times brighter, respectively, in tumor tissues than in the adjacent parenchyma (P = 0.07).ConclusionIn patients with lung cancer, all ROM levels were increased in tumor tissues when compared with the adjacent lung tissue. Because the increase in lucigenin concentration, which is due to tissue ischemia, is higher than the increase in luminol, which is directly related to the presence and severity of inflammation, ischemia may be more important than inflammation for tumor development in patients with lung cancer.

Effect of high dose intravenous vitamin C on idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial

The aim of this prospective single-blind randomized controlled study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of high dose intravenous vitamin C (HDVC) added to systemic steroid in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Between August 2010 and August 2011, 72 ISSNHL patients who participated in this study were randomly allocated to two groups: 36 to a control group, members of which were given systemic steroid treatment for 15 days, and 36 to a HDVC group, members of which were given HDVC (200 mg/kg/day) for 10 days in addition to steroid therapy followed by oral vitamin C (2,000 mg) for 30 days after discharge. Finally, we analyzed each group: 35 as a control group and 32 as a HDVC group. Auditory evaluations were performed by pure tone audiometry (PTA) before and ~1 month after treatment using Siegel's criteria. HDVC group showed significantly greater complete and partial recovery improvement (p = 0.035). In addition, the complete recovery rate in the HDVC group was more than twice that of the control group (p = 0.031). In the HDVC group, PTA improved from 67.6 ± 19.8 dB HL before treatment to 37.1 ± 28.8 dB HL at 1 month after treatment, whereas in the control group, PTA improved from 70.3 ± 12.4 to 47.6 ± 25.2 dB HL, which represented a significant intergroup difference (p = 0.030). In conclusion, HDVC may enhance hearing recovery in ISSNHL patients, which suggests that HDVC reduces levels of reactive oxygen metabolites produced by inner ear ischemia or inflammation, and that HDVC could be considered for the treatment of ISSNHL.

Abstract 62: Direct Comparison of the Effect of Mild Hypothermia and Controlled Normothermia on Reactive Oxygen Metabolites Production and Antioxidant Potential After Cardiac Arrest in a Porcine Model

Introduction . Mild therapeutic hypothermia was implemented in the management of post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) after publication of clinical trials comparing hypothermia with common practice, i.e. usually with hyperthermia. Current evidence on the comparison of mild hypothermia (HT) and controlled normothermia (NT) is, however, still insufficient. We tested the hypothesis that HT is superior to NT in suppression of oxidative stress, which plays probably an important role in the pathogenesis of PCAS. Methods. We worked on porcine model (females, 45 kg) in general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation (HT and NT groups, four animals per group). Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was introduced and on minimal ECMO flow (0.5 L/min) ventricular fibrillation was induced by rapid ventricular pacing. After 20 min of cardiac arrest, circulation was restored by increase of ECMO flow to 4.5 L/min and 90 min of reperfusion followed. Target core temperature (33°C in HT and 36.8°C in NT) was maintained using heat exchanger on oxygenator. Blood levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) were assessed before cardiac arrest, immediately after restoration of blood flow and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes of reperfusion. Results . While the pre-arrest and early post-arrest ROM levels were comparable in both groups, we observed significant differences between HT and NT groups later during the reperfusion: at 30 minutes (HT vs. NT: 277.8 ± 11.4 vs. 363.3 ± 13.4 U Carr, p &lt; 0.01), at 60 minutes (292.8 ± 6.6 vs. 355.8 ± 10.9 U Carr, p &lt; 0.05), and at 90 minutes (278.5 ± 12.3 vs. 340.8 ± 14.1 U Carr, p &lt; 0.05). The levels of BAP were comparable in both groups in all measurements. Conclusion . Our results indicate superiority of mild therapeutic hypothermia over controlled normothermia in the suppression of oxidative stress after cardiac arrest.

Variation in Plasma Oxidative Status and Testosterone Level in Relation to Egg-Eviction Effort and Age of Brood-Parasitic Common Cuckoo Nestlings

Abstract. To avoid competition for parental care, brood-parasitic Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) nestlings evict all of the host's eggs and nestlings within a few days after hatching. Little is known about the physiological effects of eviction behavior on the cuckoo nestling's oxidative balance or about age-related variation in plasma oxidative status and testosterone level of developing birds. We examined whether the cuckoo nestling's plasma oxidative status was related to prior effort in eviction and quantified variation in the level of reactive oxygen metabolites, of nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity, and of testosterone concentration in plasma at various phases of the cuckoo's development. Levels of both reactive oxygen metabolites and antioxidant capacity were greater in older than in younger nestlings, suggesting that younger nestlings effectively counterbalance their increased production of free radicals, whereas, near fledging, levels of reactive oxygen metabolites increase despite improved antio...

Short communication: Oxidative status and incidence of mastitis relative to blood α-tocopherol concentrations in the postpartum period in dairy cows

Vitamin E supplementation, when combined with high blood α-tocopherol (>6.25μg/mL) at dry off, has been reported to unexpectedly increased the risk for clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Furthermore, higher levels of oxidative stress in the postpartum period were related to higher risk of mastitis. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between various serum biomarkers of oxidative status, incidence of mastitis, and blood α-tocopherol concentrations at dry off and at calving. A total of 146 dairy cows from a commercial farm were used in an observational field study. All cows were supplemented with 3,000 and 50IU/cow per day of all-rac-α-tocopherol during the dry period and lactation, respectively. Blood samples were collected at dry off and at calving. Serum was analyzed for α-tocopherol, levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), thiol groups (SH), and ferric-reducing ability. Three α-tocopherol groups at calving were created: high (>3μg/mL), medium (2–3μg/mL), and low (<2μg/mL). Three α-tocopherol groups at dry off were created: high (>6.25μg/mL), medium (4.25–6.25μg/mL), and low (<4.25μg/mL). All cases of clinical mastitis that occurred during the dry period and the entire subsequent lactation were verified by a veterinarian. No differences were observed in the incidence of mastitis between the 3 α-tocopherol groups based on the serum levels at dry off. Incidence of mastitis was 4 times lower in the high and medium groups when compared with the corresponding value for the low-α-tocopherol group based on the serum levels at calving. Lower levels of ROM and SH at dry off and at calving were found in the group of cows with the highest α-tocopherol values at dry off when compared with the corresponding values in the low-α-tocopherol group. The ROM values at dry off but not at calving were lower in the group of cows with the highest α-tocopherol values at calving when compared with the corresponding values in the low-α-tocopherol group. No differences were observed in ferric-reducing ability values between the 3 α-tocopherol groups at dry off or calving. No differences were observed in all biomarkers of oxidative status between healthy cows and those with mastitis. Thus, blood α-tocopherol is inversely related to certain biomarkers of oxidative stress in the postpartum period and incidence of mastitis. However, reduction in the incidence of mastitis is not mediated through a reduction in the levels of various biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Relationship between oxidative stress and circulating testosterone and cortisol in pre-spawning female brown trout

Reproduction in vertebrates is an energy-demanding process that is mediated by endogenous hormones and potentially results in oxidative stress. The primary aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between oxidative stress parameters (antioxidant capacity and levels of reactive oxygen metabolites) and circulating testosterone and cortisol in a common and widespread teleost fish, the brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.). Results show that trout with higher testosterone levels prior to spawning have higher levels of oxidative damage at the time that they spawn (although by the time of spawning testosterone levels had dropped, leading to a negative relationship between testosterone and oxidative damage at that time). Cortisol levels were not directly related to oxidative damage or antioxidant capacity, but concentrations of this hormone were positively related to levels of fungal infection, which was itself associated both with lower antioxidant capacity and lower levels of oxidative damage. These results highlight the complexity of interactions between different components of the endocrine system and metabolism and suggest that caution be used in interpreting relationships between a single hormone and indicators of oxidative balance or other fitness proxies.

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Risk of Developing Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort-nested Case-Control Study in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition

Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis, but prospective evidence for an association between biomarkers of oxidative stress and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is limited. The authors investigated the association between prediagnostic serum levels of oxidative stress indicators (i.e., reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)) and CRC risk. This was examined in a nested case-control study (1,064 CRC cases, 1,064 matched controls) in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (1992-2003). Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses. ROM were associated with overall CRC risk (highest tertile vs. lowest: adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR(adj)) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47, 2.48), proximal (IRR(adj) = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.36) and distal (IRR(adj) = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.37, 3.89) colon cancer, and rectal cancer (IRR(adj) = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.72). When results were stratified by tertile of follow-up time, the association remained significant only in participants with less than 2.63 years of follow-up (IRR(adj) = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.78, 2.94; P-heterogeneity < 0.01). FRAP was not associated with CRC risk. In conclusion, prediagnostic serum ROM levels were associated with increased risk of CRC. However, this association was seen only in subjects with relatively short follow-up, suggesting that the association results from production of reactive oxygen species by preclinical tumors.

Maternal effects reduce oxidative stress in female nestlings under high parasite load

Mothers can adjust the phenotype of their offspring to the local environment through a modification of their egg investment and/or nestling provisioning. However, offspring health may be severely impaired if the conditions experienced by nestlings do not match with those anticipated by the mother. If maternal effects differentially affect the sexes or if one sex is more strongly affected by an environmental stressor, fitness benefits may also differ between male and female offspring. Here, we study maternal effects in male and female great tit Parus major nestlings by means of an ectoparasite treatment before egg‐laying combined with a partial cross‐foster experiment between broods of infested and uninfested nests. Nestlings that were raised in their own nest experienced the same conditions before and after cross‐fostering (either in parasite infested or uninfested nests), while cross‐fostered ones experienced different conditions (either changing from infested to uninfested or the other way around). We measured effects on nestling plasma levels of oxidative stress [reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and total antioxidant capacity (OXY)], body condition (body size and mass) and post‐fledging survival. Daughters, but not sons, from matching conditions showed the lowest ROM and high OXY levels when exposed to parasites, while there was no effect of parasite exposure in any of both sexes in case of a mismatch. In contrast, body condition and post‐fledging survival were not (or only slightly) affected by any of the experimental treatments. Results of this study show that maternal effects can affect oxidative stress levels of nestlings in a sex‐specific way and that the outcome depends on the exposure to environmental stressors, such as parasites.

Comparison of pre- and post-operative stress levels in patients with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis

The effects of stressful events, such as surgery, on patients with allergic diseases are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) are more susceptible to stress and oxidative stress than non-allergic individuals. 20 AR patients and 20 non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) patients were recruited to this study and underwent nasal septoplasty. To evaluate the degrees of stress and oxidative stress, we collected urine and blood samples 1day before and 1day after surgery. Stress was assessed by measuring urine cortisol levels. Oxidative stress was assessed by calculating the balance of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) measured by the diacron reactive oxygen metabolites test, and antioxidant capacity (AC) was measured by the biological antioxidant potential test. In both groups, the level of post-operative urine cortisol was significantly higher than the pre-operative level, with no significant difference between the two groups. ROM levels were significantly higher in both groups after surgery than before surgery. The antioxidant capacity of the AR group was lower after surgery than before surgery, while it was greater in the NAR group after surgery. There were no significant differences in pre- or post-operative ROM or AC levels between the two groups. The ROM/AC ratio was significantly higher after surgery in the AR group than it was in the NAR group. The post-operative ROM/AC imbalance of AR patients suggests that these patients might be vulnerable to stress, especially oxidative stress.

Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) are associated with cardiovascular disease in chronic hemodialysis patients

The aim of our study was to measure reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and evaluate the possible association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. We measured ROMs in 76 HD patients and correlated with CVD, cardiovascular (CV) events in the follow-up and all-cause and CVD-related mortality. The levels of ROMs presented a median value of 270 (238.2-303.2) CARR U (interquartile range). We created a ROC curve (ROMs levels vs. CVD) and we identified a cut-off point of 273 CARR U. Patients with ROMs levels ≥273 CARR U were significantly older, had higher C-reactive protein levels and lower creatinine concentrations. The prevalence of CVD was higher in patients with ROMs levels ≥273 (87.1%) than in those with ROMs levels <273 CARR U (17.7%; p<0.0001). ROMs levels were significantly higher in patients with CVD (317±63.8) than in those without (242.7±49.1; p<0.0001). At multiple regression analysis, age, creatinine and C-reactive protein were independent factors associated with ROMs. At multiple logistic regression analysis the association between ROMs and CVD was independent (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05; p=0.03). Twenty six patients developed cardiovascular (CV) events during the follow-up. Of these, seven were in the group with ROMs levels <273 CARR U and 19 in the group with ROMs levels ≥273 CARR U. The logistic regression analysis showed that both age (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12; p=0.013) and ROMs levels (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02; p=0.045) were independently associated with CV events in the follow-up. ROMs are independently associated with CVD and predict CV events in chronic HD patients.

Long-term vegetarians have low oxidative stress, body fat, and cholesterol levels

Excessive oxidative stress and abnormal blood lipids may cause chronic diseases. This risk can be reduced by consuming an antioxidant- and fiber-rich vegetarian diet. We compared biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and lipid profiles of sex- and age-matched long-term vegetarians and omnivores in Korea. Forty-five vegetarians (23 men and 22 women; mean age, 49.5 ± 5.3 years), who had maintained a vegetarian diet for a minimum of 15 years, and 30 omnivores (15 men and 15 women; mean age, 48.9 ± 3.6 years) participated in this study. Their 1-day, 24-h recall, and 2-day dietary records were analyzed. Oxidative stress was measured by the levels of diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM). Antioxidant status was determined by the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. We observed that vegetarians had a significantly lower body fat percentage (21.6 ± 6.4%) than that of omnivores (25.4 ± 4.6%; P < 0.004). d-ROM levels were significantly lower in vegetarians than those in omnivores (331.82 ± 77.96 and 375.80 ± 67.26 Carratelli units; P < 0.011). Additionally, total cholesterol levels in the vegetarians and omnivores were 173.73 ± 31.42 mg/dL and 193.17 ± 37.89 mg/dL, respectively (P < 0.018). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 101.36 ± 23.57 mg/dL and 120.60 ± 34.62 mg/dL (P < 0.005) in the vegetarians and omnivores, respectively, indicating that vegetarians had significantly lower lipid levels. Thus, oxidative stress, body fat, and cholesterol levels were lower in long-term vegetarians than those in omnivores.

Correlation Between High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein and Reactive Oxygen Metabolites During A One-year Period Among Asymptomatic Subjects

BackgroundInflammation and oxidative stress are associated with human health and the disease status. The present study aimed to investigate the longitudinal correlation between the diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) level, as an oxidative stress-related marker, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), as an inflammatory marker, during a one-year period among asymptomatic subjects.MethodsThe data, including anthropometric and biochemical markers, were collected at baseline and after the one-year period from 71 participants (male/female = 41/30, mean age 50 years). The correlation between the changes of the d-ROMs and hsCRP levels during the study period was examined.ResultsA simple correlation analysis showed a significant and positive correlation to exist between the changes of the d-ROMs and hsCRP levels (r = 0.40, P < 0.01). This significant correlation remained independent in a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that the relationship between the d-ROMs and hsCRP levels could be prospectively followed, and that monitoring both markers may help to better understand the cooperation of inflammation and oxidative stress in association with health and disease. Further studies are necessary to clarify the biological mechanism(s) responsible for the observed relationship.KeywordsOxidative stress; Oxygen reactive species; Inflammation; CRP

Characteristics of reactive oxygen metabolites in serum of early teenagers in Japan

The relationship between the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the state of oxidative stress in blood has been studied to some extent. Several lines of evidence underscore the importance of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease beginning in childhood. However, little is known about the current state of oxidative stress in childhood. This study was carried out to determine the current state of the level of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) in serum of early teenagers. This study enrolled 595 healthy junior high school students from the town of Nanbu located in northern Japan. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the serum level of ROM, and antioxidant capacity was evaluated by measuring the serum level of biological antioxidant potential (BAP). Although the ROM level in female students [308.6 ± 63.1 Carratelli units (U.CARR)] was slightly higher than that in males (299.9 ± 55.2 U.CARR), the difference was not statistically significant. The BAP level in males was significantly higher than that in females. The levels of ROM and BAP detected in males in the first grade were higher than those in the other grades. In females, only first-graders' BAP was higher than that in other grades. The current study found that the ROM level in males was negatively correlated with grade. These results suggest the presence of factor(s) that increase oxidative stress in Japanese puberty.

Sex-related differences in association of oxidative stress status with coronary artery disease

To assess oxidative stress status in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients according to gender. Case-controlled, observational, retrospective study. Clinical and research center. A total of 55 postmenopausal women and 108 men (mean age: 66 ± 9 years), including 72 patients with angiographically proven CAD (CAD(+), 19 women) and a group of 91 age-matched controls (CAD(-), 36 women). None. Oxidant/antioxidant balance as a global index (oxidative index) obtained using two commercial assays (d-ROMs and OXY Adsorbent Test, respectively) for estimation of levels of reactive oxygen metabolites and total antioxidant status. There was a statistically significant difference in oxidative stress status between men and women who were CAD(-) (-0.424 ± 1.3 vs. 0.64 ± 1.1 arbitrary units, respectively), but the CAD(+) women had oxidative stress levels almost three times those of the CAD(+) men (2.45 ± 2.5 vs. 0.9 ± 1.6 arbitrary units, respectively). After adjustment in the multivariate model, age and oxidative stress status in women and diabetes and age in men remained as statistically significant predictors of positive CAD findings. Oxidative stress status was a powerful predictor of CAD in women. This result may have important implications for the differences between sexes in CAD physiopathology.

Embryonic exposure to corticosterone modifies the juvenile stress response, oxidative stress and telomere length

Early embryonic exposure to maternal glucocorticoids can broadly impact physiology and behaviour across phylogenetically diverse taxa. The transfer of maternal glucocorticoids to offspring may be an inevitable cost associated with poor environmental conditions, or serve as a maternal effect that alters offspring phenotype in preparation for a stressful environment. Regardless, maternal glucocorticoids are likely to have both costs and benefits that are paid and collected over different developmental time periods. We manipulated yolk corticosterone (cort) in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) to examine the potential impacts of embryonic exposure to maternal stress on the juvenile stress response and cellular ageing. Here, we report that juveniles exposed to experimentally increased cort in ovo had a protracted decline in cort during the recovery phase of the stress response. All birds, regardless of treatment group, shifted to oxidative stress during an acute stress response. In addition, embryonic exposure to cort resulted in higher levels of reactive oxygen metabolites and an over-representation of short telomeres compared with the control birds. In many species, individuals with higher levels of oxidative stress and shorter telomeres have the poorest survival prospects. Given this, long-term costs of glucocorticoid-induced phenotypes may include accelerated ageing and increased mortality.

Stage of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with periodontitis

Periodontitis induces overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This state increases circulating ROS levels and may affect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Japan Integrated Stage (JIS) score is a novel staging system for HCC. The objective of the present study was to compare JIS scores in HCC patients with and without periodontitis. We recruited 64 HCC patients comprising 31 chronic periodontitis subjects (HCC+P) and 33 periodontally healthy controls (HCC+H). Their JIS scores were recorded. Serum levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) from HCC+P, HCC+H and healthy age- and gender-matched subjects with healthy gingiva (control, n=15) were also assessed for circulating ROS levels. The HCC+P and HCC+H groups had similar body mass index, habitual drinking and tobacco exposure data. The HCC+P group showed higher JIS scores than the HCC+H group (p=0.027). Both the HCC+P and HCC+H groups had higher serum levels of ROM than controls (p<0.001), while serum levels of ROM in the HCC+P group were a further 25.8% higher than those in the HCC+H group (p<0.001). HCC patients with periodontitis had higher JIS score and circulating ROS level than HCC patients without periodontitis.