Reactive Dyes Research Articles

Accessing the Potential of Bismuth Oxide Nanosheets for an incredible revelation in the removal of contamination in water bodies

<p>Water contamination is a pressing global issue with far-reaching environmental, health, and socio-economic consequences. As the demand for clean water intensifies, researchers are exploring innovative nanomaterials to develop efficient and sustainable water treatment technologies. The Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanosheets were synthesized using a sustainable approach comprising Moringa oleifera seed extract as a biological capping and reducing agent. Analytical techniques were utilized to inspect the prepared nanosheets' crystalline, morphological, and optical characteristics. The optical properties, including light absorption and bandgap width, were investigated using UV-visible spectroscopy using a bandgap energy of 4.65 eV. In addition, the nanosheet's ability to degrade cationic malachite green and Rhodamine 6G dye and anionic eosin yellow and reactive black dyes by photocatalysis was evaluated. The degradation of cationic and anionic dyes was characterized by nanocatalysis using UV-visible spectroscopy and a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The pseudo-first-order degradation kinetic rate of malachite green and Rhodamine 6G was determined to be 3.46 and 3.20 X 10-2 min-1, indicating that the prepared nanosheets effectively initiate this dye's degradation. The results showed dye degradation was more effective at cationic dyes than anionic dyes.</p>

Decolorization of reactive dyes by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete velutina in presence of Zn and ZnO nanoparticles

AbstractReactive organic dyes are hazardous pollutants that should be removed from wastewater from the textile industry. A remediation of dye polluted wastewater can be achieved by using the oxidative properties of nanomaterials, such as ZnO nanoparticles, or by microorganisms and their dye degrading enzymes. Promising approaches are expected from hybrid strategies, which use more than one approach. However, ZnO nanoparticles are also reported to be an antimicrobial and antifungal agent, which may undermine the decolorization ability of potent organisms, such as white rot fungi. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of soluble Zn and ZnO nanoparticles on the decolorization behaviour of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete velutina on commonly used reactive dyes, Reactive Orange 16 and Reactive Green 19. Zn ions led to a low decolorized rate of both dyes at low concentrations and restored the rate at higher Zn concentrations. However, ZnO nanoparticles showed highest decolorization rates, but only in a narrow concentration range. Overall, no toxic or inhibitory effects for decolorization of the dyes were found at the applied concentration of up to 20 mg Zn l−1 indicating that tolerant P. velutina will be suitable for remediation of dyes in multi polluted waste waters.

SUSTAINABLE DYEING OF MODIFIED COTTON FABRIC WITH REMAZOL DYES IN THE ABSENCE OF SALT AND ALKALI

This research work investigates the chemical modification of cotton cellulose with a cationizing agent (CHPTAC, 3-chloro-2-hydroxylpropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), which resulted in the enhanced dye uptake and increased color strength (K/S) on the dyed cotton fabric in the absence costly auxiliaries, such as sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide. The modified and unmodified cotton fabric samples were dyed using the exhaust dyeing method on a high-temperature dyeing machine with several reactive dyes of the Remazol class in different shade depths. The dyed samples were washed, dried and tested for K/S and colorfastness properties (washing, rubbing, and light), using standard test protocols. The results revealed that the color strength and the colorfastness properties of the modified dyed cotton fabric were significantly better than those of unmodified cotton. Thus, this study attempted a sustainable approach in cotton dyeing without using salt and alkali.

Cu/Co Bimetallic Carbon Catalyst as a Highly Efficient Promoter for Reactive Dyes Degradation with PMS.

The synergistic effect between bimetallic catalysts has been confirmed as an effective method for activating persulfate (PMS). Therefore, we immobilized copper-cobalt on chitosan to prepare bimetallic carbon catalysts for PMS activation and degradation of reactive dyes. Experimental results demonstrate that the CuCo-CTs/PMS catalytic degradation system exhibits excellent degradation performance toward various types of reactive dyes (e.g., Ethyl violet, Chlortalidone, and Di chlorotriazine), with degradation rates reaching 90% within 30 min. CuCo-CTs exhibit high catalytic activity over a wide pH range of 3-11 at room temperature and under static conditions, degrading over 92% of RV5 within 60 min. ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and color changes in the dye solution confirm the effective degradation of RV5, with a degradation rate of 97.2% within 10 min. Additionally, CuCo-CTs demonstrate good stability and reusability, maintaining a degradation rate of 92.8% after eight cycles. Kinetic studies indicate that the degradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Furthermore, based on the results of radical scavenging experiments, the catalytic degradation mechanism of the dye involves both radical and nonradical pathways, with 1O2 identified as the primary active species. This study provides insights and experimental evidence for the application of persulfate oxidation in the treatment of dyeing wastewater.

Comparative Study on Dyeing Behaviours of Tasar and Tasar Blended Silk Fabrics

Tasar silk is widely sought after because to its natural beauty, durability, sustainability, and cultural relevance. Despite the long-standing yearning for Tasar textiles in their natural colour, weavers can only manufacture a limited number of different designs and types of the silk.It has become necessary to dye the Tasar fabric a different colour since the younger generation requires 100% Tasar cloths in a range of styles and colour combinations.Some manufacturers are now dyeing Tasar fabrics in smaller quantities, but their processing quality is subpar due to non-compliance with correct procedures for color concentration, time intervals, and warm washing, resulting in uneven dyeing, inconsistent hues, and poor fastness attributes.However, considering the current circumstances, it is essential that the Tasar Silk Industry understands how both pure Tasar fabrics and Tasar-blended fabrics are endowed with the fastness properties of Lanaset, Acid, and Reactive dyes.In this article, a comperative study was carried out to understand the dyeing behaviour of Acid, Lanaset and Reactive dye on Tasar x Tasar fabrics and Tasar x Mulberry fabrics. The fabric samples were prepared accordingly to evaluate the tensile properties, colour fastness to rubbing, perspiration, washing & light and colour strength. According to the findings, reactive dyeing had a larger percentage of strength loss than Lanaset and acid dyeing. Relative to other materials, acid-dyed fabrics required less washing, according to fastness data. However, reactive dyed fabrics did not perform well when it came to perspiration fastness. Lanaset dyed fabrics reacted faster to light than other types due to the presence of metal ions. The studies also showed that materials colored reactively had stronger color retention. This attempt shall provide the blue print for the industry to emulate in the future.

Bioprospective decolourization of reactive azo dyes at pilot scale by a developed bacterial consortium using the RSM and CCD model

Bioprospective decolourization of reactive azo dyes at pilot scale by a developed bacterial consortium using the RSM and CCD model

Viscose fibers decorated with silver nanoparticles via an in-situ green route: UV protection, antioxidant activities, antimicrobial properties, and sensing response

Multifunctional cellulosic fibers are in high demand for use in a variety of applications. Functional cellulosic fibers obtained through green and sustainable approaches are getting special attention because of the need to limit the environmental impact of hazardous chemicals. Herein, a novel facile, efficient, and eco-friendly approach for multifunctional viscose fibers@Ag NPs (VF-Ag) was designed by a rapid, facile, and one-pot biosynthesis green route using guava leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. UV–Vis, TEM, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XPS were used to analyze the formation of silver nanoparticles and their subsequent deposition on the surface of viscose fibers. The silver nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of viscose fibers endowed a yellow/brownish color to the fibers as well as improving the dyeing with reactive dye. The VF-Ag samples have multifunctional properties like protective activities against UV radiation and microorganisms, antioxidant activity, and sensor ability toward Hg2+. The results demonstrated that the UPF values of VF-Ag samples ranged from 280 to 355 compared to 103 for VF. The antioxidant activities of VF-Ag ranged from 79 to 85% compared to 9% for VF. VF-Ag samples exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, very good activities against yeast, and low activities against fungus.VF and VF-Ag were dyed using reactive dye (CI-reactive blue-19) at two color intensities (2.5, and 5%). The results show that the color of VF turned blue, while the color of VF-Ag turned greenish. The color strength of VF-Ag significantly increased with increasing silver content. Furthermore, VF-Ag showed high sensitivity to naked-eye colorimetric sensing for the detection of Hg2+. In straightforward, this innovative approach provides an easy, quick, and low-cost that will open the door for a range of versatile applications for modified viscose fibers in the fields of medical and analytical applications.

Effective removal of Rhodamine 6G (Basic Red-1) reactive dye using waxy corn starch in waste water of textile industry

The textile industry generates effluents containing toxic dyes, which have detrimental effects on the environment, including air, soil, and water contamination. These dyes also pose risks to human health and disrupt aquatic ecosystems. Developing ecological and cost-effective method to address this issue is a major challenge. This study focuses on utilizing waxy cornstarch, which exhibits unique properties such as high biodegradability, environmental compatibility, low sludge volume, small particle size, and high surface area (1.27 m2/g), for removing the reactive dye Rhodamine 6G (Basic Red-1) from textile wastewater. The composition of waxy cornstarch was analyzed, including determination of protein content using the Kjeldahl apparatus, as well as moisture content, ash content, and fine fiber content through experimental methods. The rate of dye removal from wastewater was assessed using a UV-spectrophotometer. The experimental design was selected, and trials were conducted using a glass testing apparatus. Dye removal rates were investigated at different dosages, temperatures, and pH ranges. The highest dye removal efficiency of 83.6% was achieved at a pH of 5, a temperature of 40 °C, and a coagulant dosage of 40 mg/l. These findings highlight the potential of waxy cornstarch as a natural coagulant for effective removal of Rhodamine 6G dye from textile wastewater.

Investigation of the Dyeing Ability of Some Reactive Triazine Azo Dyes Containing Pyrazole Fragment.

The IR, 1H NMR, and DFT studies indicated that the prepared reactive disperse dyes predominately exist as hydrazone tautomers. The electronic absorption spectra in methanol were observed and compared to those computed using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). The dyeing efficiency of the produced dispersed reactive dyes was examined on polyester, cotton, and polyester/cotton blended fabrics. The degree of exhaustion and the quick properties of the dyed samples in terms of perspiration, washing, scorch and light fastness were assessed. It was found that reactive disperse dyes under investigation have a higher affinity for dyeing polyester textiles than cotton textiles. Moreover, the reflectance and color strength of the synthesized dyes were measured and discussed.

Effect of natural thickener on printing performance over cotton woven fabric

Execution of natural thickener (wild taro corm) over pretreated cotton woven fabric with reactive dye has been explored in this research work. Taro root was collected from Sherpur in Bangladesh and made into a fine powder using a grinder. Thickener pastes were prepared by using different concentrations of taro powder, then their viscosity was measured to find out the difference with sodium alginate thickener, which is traditionally used for reactive printing. A suitable thickener stock paste concentration was selected from a number of trials and depending on the result of visual sharpness of the printed samples. A suitable reactive printing method was selected between all in (1 step) and 2 step methods of reactive printing and finally the amount of thickener on the printing recipe was optimized. The color fastness to wash, color fastness to rubbing, bending length, K/S value, levelness, penetration%, print paste adds on and visual sharpness were measured to assess the printing quality. The findings indicate that when Taro corm powder is combined with boiled water, it produces a solution with higher viscosity. Additionally, a mixture of 15 % taro and boiled water yields the most distinct print outline. Comparatively, the 2-step reactive printing method offers a superior outline compared to the 1-step (all in one) method. Moreover, using 50 to 60 gm of taro corm thickening paste for every 100 g of print paste results in a higher K/S value. The results revealed that the wild taro corm could be used successfully as thickener for reactive printing. Finally, the cost was also calculated, and it was found economical as well compared to sodium alginate.

A new Schizophyllum commune strain as a potential biocontrol agent against blueberry root rot.

In recent years, blueberry root rot has been caused mainly by Fusarium commune, and there is an urgent need for a green and efficient method to control this disease. To date, research on Schizophyllum commune has focused on antioxidant mechanisms, reactive dye degradation, etc., but the mechanism underlying the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms is still unclear. Here, the control effects of S. commune on F. commune and blueberry root rot were studied using adversarial culture, tissue culture, and greenhouse pot experiments. The results showed that S. commune can dissolve insoluble phosphorus and secrete various extracellular hydrolases. The results of hyphal confrontation and fermentation broth antagonism experiments showed that S. commune had a significant inhibitory effect on F. commune, with inhibition rates of 70.30% and 22.86%, respectively. Microscopy results showed distortion of F. commune hyphae, indicating that S. commune is strongly parasitic. S. commune had a significant growth-promoting effect on blueberry tissue-cultured seedlings. After inoculation with S. commune, inoculation with the pathogenic fungus, or inoculation at a later time, the strain significantly reduced the root rot disease index in the potted blueberry seedlings, with relative control effects of 79.14% and 62.57%, respectively. In addition, S. commune G18 significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme contents in the aboveground and underground parts of potted blueberry seedlings. We can conclude that S. commune is a potential biocontrol agent that can be used to effectively control blueberry root rot caused by F. commune in the field.

Investigation of the fastness properties and color strength of dry and wet reeled Tasar silk yarns

Tasar silk is extremely sought-after due to its natural beauty, toughness, sustainability, and cultural significance. Despite the historical need for Tasar textiles in their natural hue, weavers have created a limited number of unique designs and variants of Tasar silk. Since the younger generation requires 100% Tasar fabric in a range of items with diverse patterns and color combinations, it has become more vital to dye the Tasar yarn a distinct color. The fastness characteristics and color strength of Acid, Reactive, and Lanaset dye on dry reeled and wet reeled Tasar silk yarns were compared in this paper. In order to assess the yarn samples' color intensity and resistance to rubbing, sweat, washing, and light, they were treated appropriately. The findings of the fastness test showed that, in comparison to other yarns, acid and reactively colored yarns had lower washing and sweat fastness, respectively. Better light fastness was seen in fibers colored with Lanaset. Comparing reactive dyeing to acid and Lanaset dyeing, the former demonstrated a stronger color.

Determination of Methdilazine by Extractive Colorimetric Method from Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Simple sensitive and accurate ion pair complex formation, extractive spectrophotometric methods have developed for the estimation of methdilazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form. The methods are based on the formation of ion paired coloured complexes by the drug with reactive dyes like Congo red, picric acid and methyl orange in acidic medium. The ion associated complexes were formed and quantitatively extracted under the experimental condition in chloroform. The absorbance values were measured at 490 nm, 400 nm, and 430 nm respectively. The proposed methods were validated statistically. Recoveries of methods were carried out by standard addition method. The linearity was found to be 1-10 μg/ml, 2-12 μg/ml, and 1-14 μg/ml for methods respectively. The low values of standard deviation and percentage RSD indicate high precision of methods. Hence these methods are useful for routine estimation of methdilazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosages.

Tinospora cordifolia-assisted synthesis of silver ferrite nanoparticles: a multifunctional approach to photocatalytic degradation of reactive blue-13 dye, anti-bacterial efficacy, and antioxidant properties

Tinospora cordifolia-assisted synthesis of silver ferrite nanoparticles: a multifunctional approach to photocatalytic degradation of reactive blue-13 dye, anti-bacterial efficacy, and antioxidant properties

Polymeric polyamine: a systematic study on synthesis, characterisation and its application for removal of reactive dye

Polymeric polyamine: a systematic study on synthesis, characterisation and its application for removal of reactive dye

Synchronization of Ti3C2 MXene/Fe3+ with sodium persulfate for the degradation of reactive dyes

Rapid activation of sodium persulfate (SPS) for the degradation of C.I. Reactive Red 218 (RR218) was achieved using Ti3C2 MXene reduction of trace Fe3+. The degradation rate of RR218 reached 97.7% using a mixture containing 3 g L−1 of SPS, 3.35 mg L−1 of Fe3+ and 60 mg L−1 of MXene stirred at 25 °C for 30 min. The intense reduction of Ti3C2 MXene triggers the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle thereby accelerating the activation of SPS. When reactive dyes were degraded by Fe3+/SPS/MXene process, ·OH played a major role. The dye degradation capacity of the Fe3+/SPS/MXene process decreased after 5 cycles of recycling. In addition, the wastewater treated under these conditions resulted in high dyeing efficiencies in reuse experiments. This study not only improves the understanding of the catalytic reaction of MXene but also provides a wastewater treatment and reuse process with low metal consumption and high efficiency.

Determination of Radium concentration and Radon Exhalation Rates Using CR-39 Detector for Different Geopolymer Cement Samples Containing Industrial Wastes

Natural material like metakaolin, along with industrial wastes such as fly ash (FA), cement kiln dust (CKD), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), are being used to develop new affordable and environmentally friendly construction materials (Geopolymers) that result in reduced carbon dioxide emissions. Geopolymers are gaining attention for their ability to effectively remove organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater, including dyes and heavy metals. However, the study of the radiation properties of eco-friendly geopolymer cement materials has received little attention. To address this gap, conducted a previous study to examine the radiation properties of different geopolymer cement samples. In this study, the analyzed the radon concentration, radium concentration, and annual effective dose of various pre-treated geopolymer cement samples that contained industrial wastes from dyes and heavy metals. By using the CR-39 detector as a passive technique for this examination. In the pretreated geopolymer cement samples, we used three types of reactive dye effluents - reactive black 5 (BD), reactive red 195 (RD), and reactive yellow 145 (YD) in the presence of heavy metals (Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+). Based on our research, the concentration of radon ranged from 2.69 to 212.42 Bq m-3. The sample with the lowest value of radium concentration was labeled as (10) (GGBFS), while sample (9) (SF10-YD-Cu2+) had the highest value. Found that the annual effective doses were within the range of the world average for indoor and outdoor 1.55and0.58mSvy−1 respectively, except for sample 9 (SF10-YD-Cu2+) which had the highest radium concentration. The pretreated geopolymer cement mixes containing different dye effluents and heavy metals were found to be safe for use in construction areas, except for sample 9 (SF10-YD-Cu2+). Recommend using sample 9 (SF10-YD-Cu2+) only for public highways, bridges, and other well-ventilated buildings.

Poly Meta-Aminophenol (PmAP) as a Solid-State Electron Mediator in the Z-Scheme, Ag3PO4/CoFe2O4 Heterojunction: Mineralization of Highly Concentrated Bisphenol-A and Reactive Dyes Water Pollutants.

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of poly meta-aminophenol (PmAP) as a solid electron mediator in the Z-scheme photocatalytic system for organic pollutants (viz. bisphenol-A and reactive dyes) mineralization and also illustrated how PmAP transported the photogenerated electrons from an O2-emitting photocatalyst (Ag3PO4) to a H2-emitting photocatalyst (CoFe2O4) enabling enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The PmAP/Ag3PO4-CoFe2O4 (PAC-10), was prepared by a two-step process and characterized by various analytical methods to assess the impact of PmAP on optical, photocatalytic, and electrochemical characteristics of the CoFe2O4 (CFO)/Ag3PO4 composite. The morphological investigation revealed that the PmAP sheet was nicely decorated with evenly distributed Ag3PO4 and CoFe2O4 particles. The M-S plot and impedance analyses were used to assess the electrochemical capabilities of the catalyst. Z-scheme charge transfer pathways were well supported by the radical trapping experiment and HRTEM analysis of Pt photodeposited PAC-10 photocatalysts during the photoreaction. Because of its magnetic nature and ease of synthesis, the PAC-10 offers an easily recyclable Z-scheme photocatalytic system that has the potential for purifying wastewater with high concentrations (up to 100 mg/L) of organic pollutants within 30 min of visible light exposition.

Removal of reactive black dye color in textile effluent using Palmyra sprout and Moringa oleifera waste bio char

In this study treatment of the textile wastewater by color removal using adsorbent (Palmyra sprout peel and Moringa oleifera peel) is done. This study collects information to discharge color using adsorbent (Palmyra sprout peel and Moringa oleifera peel) which acts as an effective adsorbent. Both the adsorbent Palmyra sprout peel and Moringa oleifera peel are low-cost adsorbent. Moringa oleifera peel is readily available for use, Palmyra sprout peel has seasonal availability. A series of batch experiment was carried out to determine the optimum dosage for color removal using various adsorbent dosage (4 - 12g/lit), and optimum contact time 120 minutes. The efficiency of the color removal was calculated by subtracting initial concentration and final concentration. The pH was varied from 10 to 2 and the color removal rates was found to be from 25% to 93%. Lower pH conditions have increased color removal rate for textile wastewater. Key Words: adsorption, Palmyra sprout peel, Moringa oleifera peel, Reactive black dye (RB5), and dye removal.

Comprehensive study of Fenton reaction efficiency on textile wastewater treatment from dye solution to real effluent with emphasis on Fukui function analysis

This study investigated the continuous degradation monitoring of three reactive dyes, reactive yellow 176 (RY), reactive Blue 4 (RB) and reactive red 293 (RR), both in separate solutions and in a mixture, along with their corresponding dye bath and industrial dyeing effluent, using Fenton reaction. A kinetic study was conducted to compare the degradation efficiency of the studied solutions. This work provides important yield of dye degradation, where the results showed that RB, RY, and RR had 96.64 %, 92.47 %, and 73.27 % color removal, respectively, within a two-hour reaction time. The pseudo-second-order model fit well to describe the degradation of RR and RY, while the zero-pseudo-order model provided a better fit for RB. The dye mixture exhibited 57 % color removal, whereas the dyeing bath and real effluent showed 41 % and 36 % removal, respectively, over a two-hour reaction time. Moreover, significant reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand over 5 days (BOD5) were observed, with the real effluent demonstrating a 73.91 % COD reduction and an 86.66 % reduction in BOD5. The COD and BOD5 reductions for the dye bath were 67.53 % and 95 %, respectively. Additionally, COD and BOD5 reductions of 72.96 % and 96.66 %, respectively, were observed for the dye bath. DFT calculations were employed to elucidate the regioselectivity of radical oxidation of the three reactive dyes by Fenton's reagent, providing insights into global and local reactivity descriptors. Toxicity studies further underscored the efficacy of the Fenton reaction in wastewater treatment. Additionally, UV–visible spectral analysis before and after 12 h of Fenton reaction revealed total discolouration and a reduction in UV and visible peaks across all reactions, indicating comprehensive dye degradation and reduction.