User Reactions Research Articles

The Phenomenon of Krotovukha in the Light of Epistemology

The subject of the study was one of the most viral Russian trends of the turn of 2022–2023: krotovukha, a tincture on a dead mole, which attracted attention of not only the Internet users, but also of doctors, restaurateurs, historians, and legislators. The aim of the research was to identify the reasons for active participation in communication on such a topic. It was found that the image of the mole is very much in demand in world culture. This is due to its otherness, its ability to act, to change space, to link the underworld with the mundane. Analysis of a video by an alcohol blogger from Moscow revealed the presence of initiation semantics attached to tasting. These types of publications become a modified version of the ritualised round drinking, as evidenced by patriotic themes and masculine accessories. The name itself already potentially contains the semantics of the familiar, the expressive, and the dearly beloved. A large number of memes demonstrate the strength of user reactions to krotovukha. The most comical effect is produced by stylistic disruption. The incredible effects of the “national” elixir are played off. The duality of perception of the character and the drink made from his body makes the recognisable image variable, polyvalent, and suitable for multiple transformations. The article concludes by noting that the recipe that went viral reflects a belief in sympathetic magic, the ritual power of sacrifice and the cosmogonic significance of the rite – the sacred timing of information dissemination.

Mid-career switch nursing students' perceptions and experiences of using immersive virtual reality for clinical skills learning: A mixed methods study

BackgroundThere has been an increase of mid-career professionals joining nursing. These adult students possess significant expertise in other areas and may benefit substantially in deliberate practice to acquire skills competency using immersive virtual reality (IVR) for clinical procedures before they practise in actual clinical settings. ObjectivesThis study aims to (1) examine the impact of IVR clinical procedures on mid-career switch students in knowledge, game perception and user reaction; (2) to explore the mid-career switch students' perceptions and experiences in using the IVR clinical procedures. DesignA mixed methods feasibility study was used. Setting and participantsThis study was conducted at a university in Singapore with 34 first-year mid-career switch students. MethodsThis study is a single-group pre-test and post-test experimental study on learning clinical procedures using IVR in the home setting. The study took place from September to November 2021. Focus group discussions were conducted and analysed verbatim using thematic analysis. ResultsThe students demonstrated significant improvement of knowledge for subcutaneous insulin, but overall, the increase in combined scores for both intravenous therapy and subcutaneous insulin were not statistically significant. Three overarching themes included: 1) Learning and practice, 2) Challenges and barriers, and 3) Personal attributes. Most of the participants found the experiences to be engaging, relevant, and satisfying. Some reported experiencing giddiness, headache, and lack of familiarity with technologies. ConclusionsIVR simulation can potentially be used as a supplementary learning tool to improve knowledge of clinical procedures in mid-career switch students.

Teaching agile hardware development with an open‐source engineering simulator: An evaluation with industry participants

AbstractEducational games are increasingly used to teach Agile development approaches to practitioners. Most of these training modules simplify the development environment, for example, by using LEGO bricks or playing cards. This oversimplification has been shown to result in limited transferability of learning to industrial practice. Furthermore, there is a lack of teaching modules that specifically address the challenges of applying Agile to physical products. In this paper, we present an open‐source educational game that realistically simulates a hardware development project to teach Agile principles. Over 2 days, participants design, manufacture, and test modifications for a physical wire bending machine within an authentic engineering and production setting. The training mimics the typical roles, processes, and tools of industrial engineering teams to reflect the challenges of Agile hardware development. The module was evaluated with 44 industry professionals regarding perceived learning and user reaction. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used for the experimental evaluation. The results showed a positive learning effect as the participants' average agreement with Agile principles increased through the training. Concerning user reaction, respondents reported a high degree of relevance, interaction, and confidence, indicating that the realistic simulation of the hardware development appropriately balanced the degree of realism with simplicity. The study showcases the opportunities of properly aligning game components to provoke learning situations targeted by the instructors. It contributes to the extant literature by providing a design framework (product, process, setting, and instruction) and open‐source access to the tools used for implementation.

Enacting polyvocal scorn in #CovidConspiracy tweets: The orchestration of voices in humorous responses to COVID-19 conspiracy theories

Despite the abundance of research into conspiracy theories, including multiple studies of Covid-19 conspiracy theories in particular, user reactions to conspiracy theories are an underexplored area of social media discourse. This study aims to fill this gap by examining a dataset of humorous responses to proliferating COVID-19 conspiracy theories based on a corpus of tweets bearing the pejorative hashtag #CovidConspiracy. We report the complex orchestration of heteroglossic discursive voices in these posts to reveal their rhetorical function, oriented towards expressing a negative stance and, in some cases, amounting to ridicule. The discursive effects of this interplay of voices entail imitation, parody, mockery and irony on the micro level, while on the interactional (macro) level, anti-conspiracy tweets jointly enact what we dub “polyvocal scorn”. It expresses multiple users’ trenchant critique and contempt for conspiracy theories, while the humour of the tweets serves to display the users’ wit and superiority over conspiracy theorists.

Socially Assistive Devices in Healthcare–a Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence from an Ethical Perspective

Socially assistive devices such as care robots or companions have been advocated as a promising tool in elderly care in Western healthcare systems. Ethical debates indicate various challenges. An important part of the ethical evaluation is to understand how users interact with these devices and how interaction influences users’ perceptions and their ability to express themselves. In this review, we report and critically appraise findings of non-comparative empirical studies with regard to these effects from an ethical perspective.Electronic databases and other sources were queried using a comprehensive search strategy generating 9851 records. Studies were screened independently by two authors. Methodological quality of studies was assessed. For 22 reports on 21 datasets using a non-comparative design a narrative synthesis was performed.Data shows positive findings in regard to attitudes and emotional reactions of users. Varying perception of a social relation and social presence are the most commonly observed traits of interaction. Users struggle with understanding technical complexities while functionality of the devices is limited. This leads to a behavioral alignment of users towards the requirements of the devices to be able to make use of them.This evidence adds to three important ethical debates on the use of socially assistive devices in healthcare in regard to (1) reliability of existing empirical evidence to inform normative judgements, (2) ethical significance of the social presence of devices and (3) user autonomy in regard to behavioral alignment.

Engagement Assessment for the Educational Web-Service Based on Largest Lyapunov Exponent Calculation for User Reaction Time Series

Contemporary digital platforms provide a large number of web services for learning and professional growth. In most cases, educational web services only control access when connecting to resources and platforms. However, for educational and similar resources (internet surveys, online research), which are characterized by interactive interaction with the platform, it is important to assess user engagement in the learning process. A fairly large body of research is devoted to assessing learner engagement based on automatic, semi-automatic, and manual methods. Those methods include self-observation, observation checklists, engagement tracing based on learner reaction time and accuracy, computer vision methods (analysis of facial expressions, gestures, and postures, eye movements), methods for analyzing body sensor data, etc. Computer vision and body sensor methods for assessing engagement give a more complete objective picture of the learner’s state for further analysis in comparison with the methods of engagement tracing based on learner’s reaction time, however, they require the presence of appropriate sensors, which may often not be applicable in a particular context. Sensory observation is explicit to the learner and is an additional stressor, such as knowing the learner is being captured by the webcam while solving a problem. Thus, the further development of the hidden engagement assessment methods is relevant, while new computationally efficient techniques of converting the initial signal about the learner’s reaction time to assess engagement can be applied. On the basis of the hypothesis about the randomness of the dynamics of the time series, the largest Lyapunov exponent can be calculated for the time series formed from the reaction time of learners during prolonged work with web interfaces to assess the learner’s engagement. A feature of the proposed engagement assessment method is the relatively high computational efficiency, absence of high traffic loads in comparison with computer vision as well as secrecy from the learner coupled with no processing of learner’s personal or physical data except the reaction time to questions displayed on the screen. The results of experimental studies on a large amount of data are presented, demonstrating the applicability of the selected technique for learner’s engagement assessment.

Encountering death on Facebook: A digital ethnography of pandemic deaths and online mourning

Referred to as digital mourning (Babis, 2020), the use of social networking sites to mourn seems to have become more prevalent amid the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, causing observers to describe their Facebook timelines as resembling “virtual obituaries” (Cruz, 2021, para. 3). Using digital ethnography and computer-mediated discourse analysis, this paper illustrates the discourses on COVID-19 deaths as well as the digital mourning practices of Filipino Facebook users. The study found that Filipinos primarily tended to stick to their pre-digital cultural script and virtues when reacting to and mourning deaths on the social networking site (Wierzbicka, 1985). The discourses and reactions of Filipino FB users reflected and mimicked “offline” responses and reactions to death, thereby effectively mediatizing traditional death and mourning rituals. At the same time, newer mourning practices are also emerging in the digital sphere. Tied to the responses and comments regarding death were discourses on COVID-19 denial and folk medicine, as well as emotionally-laden articulations of alignment and disalignment with other Facebook users. These findings make apparent how Facebook news posts on COVID-19 deaths cultivate emotional exchanges and generate pockets of culture-specific networks of mourners and commiserators by circulating news of death, mediating discourses on death, and facilitating various expressions of mourning and commiseration. Through these networks, Facebook actively contributes to the reconfiguring and extending of offline mourning rituals in the digital sphere.

Sandwich-type architecture film based on WS2 and ultrafast self-expanded and reduced graphene oxide in a Li-ion battery.

Since its discovery, graphene has been widely considered a great material that has advanced the Li-ion battery field and allowed development in its performance. However, most current graphene-related research is focused on graphene-based composites as electrode materials, highlighting the role of graphene in composite materials. Herein, we focused on a three-dimensional composite film with unique sandwich-type architecture based on ultrafast self-expanded and reduced graphene oxide (userGO) and exfoliated WS2. This strategy allows non-active agents [e.g., carbon black and poly (vinylidene fluoride)] free electrodes in LIBs in the form of a film. The ultra-quick exothermal nature of the USER reaction allows the rapid release of internally generated gases to create highly porous channels inside the film. Hence, the improved Li-ion transport in the LIBs boosted the electrochemical performance of both film components (ex-WS2 and reduced graphene), resulting in a high specific capacity of 762mAh/g at .05 A/g and high Coulombic efficiency (101%) after 1,000 cycles. Overall, userGO showed the highest capacity at a low current, and ex-WS2 provided a higher reversible capacity. These results showed that the expanded graphene layer is an excellent shield for ex-WS2 to protect against pulverization, promoting both stability and capacity.

Improving Data Sparsity in Recommender Systems Using Matrix Regeneration with Item Features

With the development of the Web, users spend more time accessing information that they seek. As a result, recommendation systems have emerged to provide users with preferred contents by filtering abundant information, along with providing means of exposing search results to users more effectively. These recommendation systems operate based on the user reactions to items or on the various user or item features. It is known that recommendation results based on sparse datasets are less reliable because recommender systems operate according to user responses. Thus, we propose a method to improve the dataset sparsity and increase the accuracy of the prediction results by using item features with user responses. A method based on the content-based filtering concept is proposed to extract category rates from the user–item matrix according to the user preferences and to organize these into vectors. Thereafter, we present a method to filter the user–item matrix using the extracted vectors and to regenerate the input matrix for collaborative filtering (CF). We compare the prediction results of our approach and conventional CF using the mean absolute error and root mean square error. Moreover, we calculate the sparsity of the regenerated matrix and the existing input matrix, and demonstrate that the regenerated matrix is more dense than the existing one. By computing the Jaccard similarity between the item sets in the regenerated and existing matrices, we verify the matrix distinctions. The results of the proposed methods confirm that if the regenerated matrix is used as the CF input, a denser matrix with higher predictive accuracy can be constructed than when using conventional methods. The validity of the proposed method was verified by analyzing the effect of the input matrix composed of high average ratings on the CF prediction performance. The low sparsity and high prediction accuracy of the proposed method are verified by comparisons with the results by conventional methods. Improvements of approximately 16% based on K-nearest neighbor and 15% based on singular value decomposition, and a three times improvement in the sparsity based on regenerated and original matrices are obtained. We propose a matrix reconstruction method that can improve the performance of recommendations.

Primena mašinskog učenja za identifikaciju stanja kotrljajnih ležajeva kod poljoprivredne mehanizacije na osnovu vibracija

Abstract: Mechanization maintenance represents preventive activities through constant monitoring of working parts of agricultural mechanization and timely intervention only if a certain measure deviates from the established values. Rolling bearings are one of the main components of rotating machines, and their properties directly affect the reliability of agricultural mechanization. The shorter service life of rolling bearings leads to lower reliability of agricultural mechanization, which is the consequence of inadequate technical maintenance and use. Bearing's condition monitoring on machines can be achieved by widely used methods that analyze vibration signals. This paper aims to apply a model obtained by machine learning to recognize the condition of rolling bearings with sufficient accuracy using vibration data. Normal states and states with bearing errors were taken into account so that the realized model could be used for early detection of unfavorable mechanic operation and prevention of major damages. Detecting the faulty conditions of rolling bearings based on vibrations at an early stage would contribute to the timely reaction of users, preventing major breakdowns and economic losses. The idea is to transfer the resulting model to devices within the concept of Fog computing and apply it close to the working machine and the operator.

Linguistic Manipulation in English-Speaking Tumblr Blogs

Linguistic manipulation is used to achieve a certain goal. The purpose of this article is to examine linguistic manipulation as a general phenomenon and its particular use in Tumblr blogs. To attain this objective, the study employs various techniques, including reviewing definitions, consulting the field of applied linguistics, analysing posts on Tumblr, and user reactions to these posts.

Claim Success, but Blame the Bot? User Reactions to Service Failure and Recovery in Interactions with Humanoid Service Robots

Claim Success, but Blame the Bot? User Reactions to Service Failure and Recovery in Interactions with Humanoid Service Robots

'Surprised, Shocked, Worried'}: User Reactions to Facebook Data Collection from Third Parties

Data collection and aggregation by online services happens to an extent that is often beyond awareness and comprehension of its users. Transparency tools become crucial to inform people, though it is unclear how well they work. To investigate this matter, we conducted a user study focusing on Facebook, which has recently released the 'Off-Facebook Activity' transparency dashboard that informs about personal data collection from third parties. We exposed a group of n = 100 participants to the dashboard and surveyed their level of awareness and reactions to understand how transparency impacts users' privacy attitudes and intended behavior. Our participants were surprised about the massive amount of collected data, became significantly less comfortable with data collection, and more likely to take protective measures. Collaterally, we observed that current consent schemes are inadequate. Based on the survey findings, we make recommendations for more usable transparency and highlight the need to raise awareness about transparency tools and to provide easily actionable privacy controls.

Comment-enriched index terms improve the relevance and novelty of the ranking of the commented medical articles retrieved by an NLP system

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate how the enrichment of medical documents' index terms by their comments improves the relevance and novelty of the top-ranked results retrieved by an NLP system.Design/methodology/approachA semi-experimental pre-test and post-test research was designed to compare NLP-based indexes before and after being expanded by the comment terms. The experiments were conducted on a test collection of 13,957 documents commented by F1000-Prime reviewers. They were indexed at title, abstract, body and full-text levels. In total, 100 seed documents were randomly selected and served as queries. The textual similarity of the documents and queries was calculated using Lucene-more-like-this function and evaluated by the semantic similarity of their MeSH. The results novelty was measured using maximal marginal relevance and evaluated by their MeSH novelties. Normalized discounted cumulative gain was used to compare the basic and expanded indexes' precisions at 10, 20 and 50 top ranks.FindingsThe relevance and novelty of the results ranked at the top precision points was improved after expanding the indexes by the comment terms. The finding implies that meta-texts are effective in representing their mother documents, by adding dynamic elements to their rather static contents. It also provides further evidence about the merits of the application of social intelligence and collective wisdom reflected in the actions and reactions of users in tackling the challenges faced by NLP-based systems.Originality/valueThis is the first study to confirm that social comments on scientific papers improve the performance of information systems in terms of relevance and novelty.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-05-2022-0283.

The influences of livestreaming on online purchase intention: examining platform characteristics and consumer psychology

PurposeLivestreaming, as a relatively new online marketing model, has generated numerous business opportunities for e-commerce and social commerce. The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what degree livestreaming content impacts online users' cognitive and emotional reactions and whether their cognitive and emotional responses affect their purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachThrough the lens of regulatory focus theory (RFT) and stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) theory, the authors empirically examine the influencing mechanisms of livestreaming on online consumers' purchase intentions. Structural equation models are used to analyze the relationships in the proposed research model.FindingsThe results of this study show that information-task fit positively affects consumers' perceived usefulness of livestreaming. Both visual effects and sociability positively affect consumers' perceived value and social presence. Furthermore, perceived usefulness and perceived joy positively affect consumers' purchase intentions in a livestreaming environment. This study’s results also demonstrate that the regulatory focus of consumers has a moderating effect on the influence of their perceived joy on shopping intentions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the relevant literature by simultaneously examining the role of e-commerce platform characteristics and online consumer psychology in influencing behavioral intention. With a better understanding of their role, platform operators and sellers can refine their livestreaming marketing tools and strategies. Highlighting the interplays among external stimuli, user reactions and user motivational styles, this study contributes to mobile e-commerce literature and the broader literature on digital marketing and human–computer interaction.

Digital Heritage, the Possibilities of Information Visualisation through Extended Reality Tools

Many researchers in the field of cultural heritage point to the justification of the use of extended reality to present digital heritage. Research studies, but mainly user reactions, have responded to experiences with extended reality with a positive response. Technological research in the field of extended reality is advancing rapidly. In this review, we will cover the current possibilities and trends of extended reality. Specifically, we will focus on the application in creating interactive multimedia exhibitions in museums and galleries and presenting 3D digital heritage. We believe the practical examples shown will be an inspiration for application developers, content creators, and exhibition curators. Awareness of the possibilities and limits of the current state of technological progress is an essential requirement for utilisation of the full potential of extended reality.

“Love the Skin You‘re In”: An Analysis of Women’s Self-Presentation and User Reactions to Selfies Using the Tumblr Hashtag #bodypositive

ABSTRACT Selfies posted on social media using feminist hashtags have the potential to depict greater diversity and authenticity than the established ideal of female beauty and femininity (young, white, slim, and heteronormative women), but are also at risk of promoting self-objectification. The hashtag #bodypositive is understood as the embodiment of an empowering feminist space. However, it is unclear to what extent diverse body images that deviate from the established ideal can actually be found under this hashtag on a platform such as Tumblr that allowed NSFW [Not Safe For Work] content without restrictions until 2018. This research aims to analyze selfies on Tumblr posted by women in 2017 (n = 300) using the hashtag #bodypositive in an exploratory content analysis (quantitative and qualitative) including the following textual content: posted texts (n = 300), additional hashtags (n = 4,498), blog descriptions (n = 296), and user reactions, including comments (n = 91). The results reveal less diversity than expected but many protagonists at least slightly deviate from the mass mediated beauty ideal. Stereotypically female ways of self-presentation are used exaggeratedly. Most pictures were embedded in blogs promoting self-acceptance, rather than self-improvement and have received positive user feedback.

Should More Internally Generated Intangible Assets Be Recognized? A Commentary

This study analyzes whether financial statements should recognize more internally generated intangible assets with particular reference to China. This issue is significant because of the increasing importance of the ‘new economy’ and R&D investment, including in China. We present the current accounting requirements for intangible assets and illustrate that the failure to recognize internally generated intangible assets leads to a high ratio of unrecognized value to market capitalization, known as the asset light phenomenon among firms. We discuss and compare international and Chinese views supporting and opposing the recognition of more internally generated intangible assets. We identify and analyze the major issues in general, and in China particularly, that standard setters and their stakeholders have to consider if more internally generated intangible assets are recognized. We focus on areas of recognition, initial and subsequent measurement, and user reaction. We find that the most critical issues are the separability and measurability of internally generated intangible assets. Based on the issues identified, we discuss initiatives on non‐financial disclosure in relation to unrecognized intangible assets and firms’ value creation. The study elucidates the consequences of current accounting standards on internally generated intangible assets and, by identifying the critical issues, contributes to the debate on whether it is best to adopt recognition of internally generated intangible assets or a disclosure‐only approach.

Balanced Reporting and Boomerang Effect: An Analysis of Croatian Online News Sites Vaccination Coverage and User Comments during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The purpose of this paper was to explore online media coverage of COVID-19 vaccination and user reactions to the different types of coverage. The authors aimed to investigate possible boomerang effects that arise when COVID-19 media coverage is assertive and confident, and to determine the effects of balanced reporting. A two-stage random sample comprised a total of 300 articles published in three Croatian online news sites during a period from 1 February 2020, through 15 January 2022. The data were categorized using human coding content analysis, while reliability of coding was checked by using two coders and calculating reliability coefficients. The data were analyzed by means of negative binomial regression analysis. The results revealed that COVID-19 reporting was mainly consensual, i.e., it provided largely affirmative information about vaccines. However, user comments were highly polarized and mostly negative, with the majority of anti-vaccination tropes linked to the "corrupt elites". Based on the user comments, the negative influence of balanced reporting on COVID-19 vaccines and the existence of boomerang effect in cases of the overtly persuasive affirmative reporting was also established. The boomerang effect did not depend on the context, i.e., on the type of reporting. This study extends previous research on balanced reporting and boomerang effects by analyzing online comments as a potentially good parallelism of the offline discursive strategies of the pro-vaccination and anti-vaccination communication. The results of the study can be used for the adjustment of strategic communication targeting the vaccine hesitant audience. Based on the study results, it is recommended that relativization and politicization of science should be prevented by not equating scientific consensus with absolute epistemological certainty and by addressing legitimate concerns of vaccine hesitant persons without putting explicit blame on them.

Nursing Student Reactions in Conducting Nursing Practicum Learning Using Virtual Reality Simulation

The pandemic period forces many changes, including achieving competencies in practical learning in the laboratory. Simulation-based education (SBE) provides learners with experiences in real patient care environments, where they can safely practice making decisions and providing care without causing harm. Virtual Reality Simulation (VRS) is a virtual simulation practice method that can increase nursing students' enthusiasm for learning. This study aims to determine undergraduate students' reaction to implementing post-appendectomy wound care practicum using Virtual Reality Simulation in the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia. This study used a quasi-experimental design to determine the students' reactions when using VRS for the first time. A user reaction questionnaire was used after testing its validity and reliability. The questionnaire contains 24 items that consist of 11 positive questions and 13 negative questions. The sample in this study was 30 undergraduate nursing students in semesters II and IV. The results of this study indicate that the respondents were enthusiastic about doing a practicum using VRS for post-appendectomy wound care. The post-practicum questionnaire survey results evidenced this study: 53.3% of the respondents were enthusiastic, and 46.7% were not enthusiastic; the cut-off point was 91.2. The nursing students enthusiastically conducted a post-appendectomy wound care practicum using VRS. This study recommends that VRS be further developed and tested using a larger sample size.