RBC Values Research Articles

Probiotic supplementation causes hematological changes and improves non-specific immunity in Brycon amazonicus

A commercial probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis (109 CFU g-1) was evaluated in caged matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, by measuring hematological parameters and macrophage activity after 42 and 84 days after feeding. The product was added to commercial feed using 2% soybean oil as a protectant. A randomized three-treatment experiment was performed using four replicates per treatment. The groups included: (a) control without probiotic, (b) 5 g kg-1 probiotic, and (c) 10 g kg-1 probiotic. For hematological analysis, eight fish per treatment were used to determine total cell count (RBC); thrombocytes, differential, and total leukocyte count (TLC); hematocrit (Htc); hemoglobin tax; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Furthermore, plasma cortisol and glucose levels were measured in blood samples. Macrophage phagocytic activity was evaluated by injecting Saccharomyces cerevisiae (11,000 cells in a 3 mL volume) into the coelomic cavity incubating for 8 hours. Addition of probiotics to the diet of caged matrinxã altered the Htc, RBC, MCV, MCHC, TLC, lymphocyte, and eosinophil values. We observed increased cortisol and glucose levels and phagocytic activity, but no increase in the phagocytic index. We thus conclude that supplementing caged Brycon amazonicus with probiotics improves their non-specific immunity and alters blood profiles.

Changes in hematological parameters during first days of diabetic ketoacidosis treatment in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and is associated with severe dehydration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in hematological parameters (RBC, Hct, Hb, MCV, PLT, WBC) and their correlations with acidosis level and dehydration during ketoacidosis treatment. Methods. The study group consisted of 262 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Clinical data were collected from hospital discharge charts. Data considering hematological parameters were collected from two timepoints: first at admission and second up to 6 days since admission. Results. Ketoacidosis was present in 76 patients (29.01%). The DKA group had significantly higher values of baseline RBC (p = 0.0026), Hct (p = 0.0019), Hb (p = 0.0235), PLT (p = 0.0427) and WBC count (p 0.3 and all p values < 0.05) in DKA group but not in no-DKA group. However, weak, positive correlations at the margin of statistical significance with pH were observed for changes in PLT (p = 0.0609) and WBC (p = 0.0811) in no-DKA group. Conclusion. Monitoring dynamics of hematological parameters at T1DM diagnosis may be useful in esti­mating patients’ hydration status.

Effect of concrete pond and net-cage culture systems on growth performance and haematological parameters of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)

The effect of concrete pond and net-cage culture systems on growth and haematological indices of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) were studied in a 90-day experiment. A total of 300 fish with a stocking density of 12.6 ± 0.37 kg/m2 (initial average weight 1140 ± 53.8 g) were stocked in floating net-cages. Also, 276 fish with a stocking density of 12.6 ± 0.29 kg/m2 and an initial average weight of 1097 ± 72.6 g were stocked in concrete ponds. Throughout the study, the average weight, mean length, and haematological parameters of the fish in each environment were recorded every 30 days. The fish in net-cages displayed higher growth rate (GR), specific growth rate (SGR), and body weight increase (BWI) as well as a lower food conversion rate (FCR) when compared to the fish in concrete ponds. No differences in the condition factor (CF) or survival rate (SR) were found in the trial. In terms of haematological parameters, there was no difference between the ponds and net-cages for the values of red (RBC) and white (WBC) blood cells, haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil in the initial 30-day and 60-day sampling periods. In the 90-day sampling period, a statistical difference was found in the RBC, MCV, MCH, and WBC values between the ponds and net-cages. Furthermore, in the 90-day sampling period, no statistical difference was found in the Hct, Hb, MCHC, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil values. Consequently, the Siberian sturgeon culture in net-cages is advantageous to concrete ponds in regards to the growth parameters.

Analysis of factors associated with vision after cataract surgery in chronic renal failure patients on dialysis

BackgroundTo analyze the related factors of visual acuity after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 42 patients (51 eyes) with CRF (failure, uremia) on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis and 40 patients (50 eyes) without CRF as a control group. Each individual underwent physical and laboratory examinations including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell count, fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for macular examination. The patients with abnormal platelet, liver and kidney function, coagulation function received treatment accordingly to reduce the perioperative risk. All patients underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. Follow-up examinations were performed at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery and included BCVA, slit lamp examination, noncontact IOP, dilated fundus examination and OCT of the macula.ResultsIn control group the preoperative RBC, HB, Cr, and urea values were not associated with the pre- or postoperative BCVA. The RBC, HB, Cr, urea, SBP, DBP, preoperative BCVA and postoperative BCVA values were all significantly different between CRF and control group(P < 0.05).ConclusionIn CRF patients, the RBC, HB, Cr and Urea indexes should be monitored before the cataract operation for guarded visual outcome. The pre-existing ocular comorbidities could significantly compromise the vision. The CRF patients could achieve relatively good visual outcome after cataract surgery when the underlaying diseases are effectively managed.

Toxicological studies of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Calopogonium mucunoides aqueous leaf extract on Wistar rats

Increasing usage of nanosilver (AgNPs) for biomedical purposes outstrips the handiness of safety evaluation studies. This study investigates oral toxicity of biogenic AgNPs (at 50, 75, 100 and 150 μg/kg) on rats. Results analysis revealed that C. mucunoides AgNPs improved dietary intake and body weight of rats. Level of serum total protein significantly increased 9.54±0.05, 8.31±0.06, 11.31±0.41, 10.48±0.65 g/dL compared to control 6.43±0.55 g/dL while serum AST significantly reduced to 0.05±0.00 and 0.10±0.02U/L at 50 and 75 μg/mL. AgNPs did not significantly (P ˃ 0.05) altered serum chloride, urea, ALT and creatinine relative to the control. However, serum potassium (10.74±1.86 mmol/l) significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) to 3.11±0.71, 3.12±2.50 4.64±1.47, 5.79±1.30mmol/L respectively. There was also a significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose dependent upsurge in platelets (618.50±48.79, 743.50±17.68, 763.50±10.60 and 843.50±24.75) and MCV (49.50±0.71, 52.50±0.71, 53.50±0.71 and 56.00±4.24) compared to the control (617.50±79.90 and 43.00±0.00) respectively. The haemoglobin, PCV, MCHC, MCH, RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils values were not different (P ˃ 0.05) from the control. Results obtained suggest that AgNPs is relatively safe, although it altered serum total protein and potassium concentrations, no rat died due toxicological effect.&#x0D; Keywords: Alterations, nanosilver, toxicity, upsurge.

Effects of Bidens Pilosa (L) Extract on Haematological Parameters of Swiss Albino Rats Orogastrically Dosed with Escherichia coli O157:H7

A large number of medicinal plants and their purified constituents have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic potentials. In this study, ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa was evaluated for its invivo activity on haematological parameters in Swiss albino rats orogastrically dosed with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Fifteen Swiss albino rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into five groups of three rats each. The first, second and third group of rats were orogastically dosed with 9.1 × 104 cfu/ml of E. coli O157: H7 to induce infection. The first group was treated with 800 mg/kg Body weight (Bw) of the ethanolic extract of B. pilosa, the second group was treated with Ofloxacin (16mg/kg Bw), while the third group was not treated. The fourth group was given only the plant extract, while the fifth group was given sterile distilled water. The results of the haematological assay indicated that: the infected-untreated rats showed lowest mean values of PCV (34.00±2.50a), RBC (6.54±0.45a) and HB (11.50±0.83a); and highest ESR (4.50±0.50c). In the infected-extract-treated group, a significant increase in the PCV (45.00±1.00b) and HB (15.00±0.33b) was observed. The group fed with extract alone had the highest mean values of PCV (51.00±1.00b), RBC (11.10±0.95c) and HB (17.00±0.33b). Similar pattern was observed for the results obtained for the white blood cell differential count. The infected-extract-treated group, and the group to which only extract was administered without infection showed significant increase in lymphocyte count (61.00±1.00ab) and (73.50±2.50c) respectively. Conversely, the infected-untreated group showed a decline in lymphocyte count (54.50±3.50a). The results obtained from this study revealed that ethanolic leaf extract of Bidens pilosa exhibited haematopoietic potential and tends to modulate the values of White Blood Cell differential count in Swiss albino rats.

SEASONAL VARIATION IN SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN SMALL RUMINANTS

The effect of seasonal variations on some thermoregulation and blood parameters were studied in ten male goats (five Zarabi and five Damascus). Rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rates were determined at 7: 00, 12;00 and 19:00 during the middle month of every season. Blood samples were collected and was shortly analyzed after collection for RBCs, WBCs, Hb and PCV. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), (MCH), and (MCHC) were mathematically calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using SAS (2007). Results indicated that season of the year affected significantly thermoregulation parameters and RBCS indices which were estimated in males of Damascene and Zraibi goats. the highest overall averages of RT, RR and PR were recorded in summer season (39.06°C, 38.4 acts/min and 87.8 beat/min) for the males goats of Damascus and Zarabi and were accompanied by the highest recorded ambient temperature and THI during that season. The highest RBC, Hb, PCV and MCHC values ​​(11.8 × 106 / 11.8l, 9.4 g / dL, 30.9% and 31.7 g / dL) were recorded in winter, and the highest values ​​of MCV and MCH (30.4 fl, 9.0 pg) in summer, however, The highest (11.4(×103/μL) and lowest (9.1×103/μL) overall average of the total WBC were recorded in spring and winter, respectively in Damascus and Zraibi male blood samples. It could be concluded that season of the year affected significantly hematological and thermoregulation parameters estimated in males of Damascene and Zraibi goats in the present study, however, the values of all parameter were mostly within the physiological range for goats as reported from previous studies.

Chikungunya outbreak in Bangladesh (2017): Clinical and hematological findings.

IntroductionA massive outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) occurred in Bangladesh during the period of April-September 2017, and over two million people were at risk of getting infected by the virus. A prospective cohort of viremic patients was constituted and analyzed to define the clinical, hematological, and long-term aspects of this outbreak.MethodsA 35-day long comprehensive survey was conducted in two major, neighboring cities, Dhaka and Mymensingh. One-hundred and eighty-seven laboratory-confirmed CHIKV cases were enrolled in the cross-sectional cohort study. Additionally, a smaller group of 48 chikungunya patients was monitored for post-infection effects for 12 months.ResultsClinical data revealed that a combination of fever and arthralgia (oligoarthralgia and/or polyarthralgia) was the cardinal hallmark (97.9% of cases) of the infection. Hematological analysis showed that irrespective of age and sex groups, CHIKV patients had a decreased level of hemoglobin (n = 64, p < 0.01) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (n = 131, p < 0.01). Besides, a significant portion of the patients represented abnormal values for RBC (n = 38, p = 0.0005) and WBC (n = 63, p < 0.01) counts. The post-infection study revealed that children had an early recovery from the infection compared to the adults. Moreover, post-infection weakness, successive relapse of arthralgic pain, and memory problems were the most significant aftereffects, which had an impact on the daily activities of patients.ConclusionsThis study represents a comprehensive overview of clinical and epidemiological features of the 2017 outbreak of CHIKV in Bangladesh as well as its chronic outcomes till the 12th month. It provides insights into the natural history of this disease, which may help to improve the management of CHIKV patients.

Effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance, hematological profile and biochemical composition of fingerlings rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss reared in Indian himalayan region

A 10-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine the optimum dietary protein requirement of fingerling rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Six casein-gelatin based isocaloric (20.90 kJ 100 g−1, gross energy) diets containing graded levels of dietary protein (300–550 g kg−1 crude protein) were formulated. Twenty fingerlings (1.56 ± 0.22 g; 5.80 ± 0.50 cm) were randomly stocked in triplicate groups in 75 L circular trough fitted with continuous flow-through system (water volume 2–2.5 L−1) and fed experimental diets at 5% BWday−1 at 0800, 1200 and 1700 h. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in live weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body protein deposition (BPD) were noted. Quadratic regression analysis of SGR, FCR, PER and BPD data indicated requirements for dietary protein at 464.5, 471.0, 444.0 and 449.6 g kg−1 of dry diet, respectively. Maximum protein, low moisture and intermediate body fat contents were recorded with fish fed at 450 kg−1 protein diet, while highest HSI value was observed at lowest protein level. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were also observed in Hb, Hct and RBC values of fish fed varying protein diets. Based on the above results, it is recommended that rainbow trout fingerlings require protein in the range of 450–471 g kg−1 for its optimum growth and efficient feed utilization.

Seasonal Dynamics of Copper Deficiency in Wumeng Semi-Fine Wool Sheep.

A study of the seasonal dynamics of copper (Cu) deficiency and its effects on the antioxidant system in Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep in Weining county was conducted. In addition, the concentrations of mineral elements in soil, grass, and blood of affected and healthy Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep were determined, and blood indices were measured. The results showed that Cu contents in soil, grass, and sheep blood from the experimental pasture were significantly lower than those from the control pasture (P< 0.05), while the Mo content in the samples from the experimental pasture were higher than those from the control pasture (P< 0.05). Hb, RBC, PCV, and MDA values in the blood of affected sheep were significantly higher than those of healthy sheep, the content of TP was significantly lower (P< 0.05), and the activities of CAT, GSH-Px, CP, SOD, POD, and TP in the blood of affected sheep were lower than those in healthy sheep (P< 0.05). A comparison of different months showed that the Cu content in soil was higher in November than in June and September. Hb, RBC, PCV, WBC, and the content of MDA in the blood of affected sheep was higher in November than in June and September; however, the change in CP, CAT, GSH-Px, POD, and TP showed the opposite trend. The content of Cu and Mo in soil, grass, and blood showed seasonal changes. Therefore, it is concluded that the seasonal dynamics of Cu deficiency in Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep in Weining was due to the content of Mo and Cu in soil and grass in different seasons, and high Mo concentration in grass affected Cu deficiency in sheep. The function of the antioxidant system of Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep was reduced as a result.

Masere Domates (Lycopersicon esculentum) ve Havuç (Daucus carota) Yağlarının Yüksek Yoğunlukta Stoklanmış Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, L.)’nın Hematolojik Parametrelerine Etkisi

In this study, 2% of macerated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and carrot (Daucus carota) oils were added to the feeds of rainbow trout with an average weight of 35.88 ± 1.97 g. The experiment was continued for 21 days and the samples were also measured for changes in the hematological parameters. Statistically, significant differences were found in LYM, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCH and NBT values (p&amp;lt;0.05). There was no statistically significant difference other blood parameters levels (p&amp;gt;0.05). It was determined that both macerated carrot and macerated tomato oils stimulated to the non-specific immune system and erythropoiesis at high stocking density. Especially, it was occurred that macerated carrot oil (MCO) more effective than macerated tomato oil (MTO).

Effects of dietary tryptophan supplementation and stocking density on growth performance and stress responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on growth performance and stress responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at low (LD) and high (HD) stocking density. For this, three diets were formulated by supplementing 0% (control), 0.5% (T0.5), and 1% (T1) Trp corresponding to 0.77, 1.85 and 3.14 g Trp per 100 g protein. In the LD treatment, the fish were initially stocked at 15 kg/m3; whereas, in the HD treatment, the fish were initially stocked at 25 kg/m3. The fish were reared under these densities and with the aforementioned diets for 70 days. After the feeding trial, the fish were sampled to determine carcass proximate composition, and blood hematological and biochemical parameters. The results showed that T0.5 had higher growth performance compared to the other treatments under the LD condition; however, there was no significant difference among the treatments under the HD condition. The increase in the fish stocking density significantly increased FCR, but the Trp-treated treatments had significantly lower FCR compared to the control treatment. Increase in the fish stocking density significantly increased carcass moisture, but decreased the carcass protein and lipid levels. The T0.5 treatment had significantly higher carcass lipid levels compared to the other treatments at the LD condition. The T0.5 treatment had significantly lower cortisol and glucose, and higher T3 levels compared to the other treatments under the LD condition; however, there was no significant difference among the treatments under the HD condition. Blood RBC and hemoglobin values significantly increased in the fish fed with 0.5% Trp supplementation; moreover, the increase in the fish stocking density significantly increased these parameters. The T0.5 treatment had significantly higher blood hematocrit levels compared to the other treatments at the LD condition. In conclusion, dietary Trp supplementation at 0.5% level is beneficial to augment growth performance in rainbow trout, when the fish initial biomass is 15 kg/m3. The mechanism of growth promotion effects of 0.5% Trp was found to be related to stress suppression. Further studies would provide data about the potential effects of Trp on rainbow trout under higher stocking densities.

Haematological Effect of Toluene in Wistar Rats

Toxicity of toluene arising from solvent abuse, occupation hazards and environmental pollution has generated a lot of concern in recent times. Young people are getting more involved in the abuse of toluene by deliberate inhalation of toluene-containing substances which may result in high level of exposure to toluene. This abuse may have adverse effect on their health. This study was therefore designed to investigate the effect of oral exposure to toluene on haematological parameters using male albino rats as model. Twenty animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group A (Control) received 0.5 ml of olive oil (vehicle) while groups B, C and D received 31.8, 63.6 and 127.2 mg/kg respectively of toluene for 21 days by oral gavage. At the end of the treatments, the animals were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected for haematological investigations. No significant (p &gt;0.05) variation occurred in the mean values of PCV, haemoglobin concentration, RBC and platelet counts in comparison with the control. There was a significant (p &lt;0.05) increase in total WBC and lymphocyte counts with a higher increase (p&lt;0.01) in total neutrophil count. No significant (p &gt;0.05) change in the total monocyte and eosinophil counts relative to the control. Oral administration of toluene as used in this study may be toxic to health depending on the dose and duration of exposure.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HEAMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BROILERS CHICKEN FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF Pakia biglobosa LEAF EXTRACTS

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and some hemato-biochemical parameters of broilers fed different levels of Pakia biglobosa leaf extract (BPE). Two hundred and fifty (250) one day old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments with five replicate consisting of ten (10) bird each in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 contained 0% BPE, Treatment 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 5ml, 10ml, 15ml and 20ml per liter of water respectively. Clean feed and water were offered ad libitum throughout the experiment which lasted for 7 weeks during which data on performance, hematology and serum biochemical traits were collected. Results revealed that BPE had a significant (p 0.05) on the feed intake of the birds. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC values among the treatment. However, WBC and its differentials were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by BPE. Significant influences were not observed for albumin, globulin and total protein. Serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were significantly affected (P<0.05) as the level of BPE increased in the water of the animals. It was concluded BPE can be safely included in the water of birds at 15ml and 20ml without any deleterious effect on the performance and health of the animals.

Growth Performance and Heamato-Biochemical Parameters of Broilers Chicken Fed Different Levels of Pakia Biglobosa Leaf Extracts

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and some hemato-biochemical parameters of broilers fed different levels of Pakia biglobosa leaf extract (BPE). Two hundred and fifty (250) one day old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments with five replicate consisting of ten (10) bird each in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 contained 0% BPE, Treatment 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 5ml, 10ml, 15ml and 20ml per liter of water respectively. Clean feed and water were offered ad libitum throughout the experiment which lasted for 7 weeks during which data on performance, hematology and serum biochemical traits were collected. Results revealed that BPE had a significant (p&lt;0.05) effect on final weight, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate. Birds given 20ml (T5) BPE recorded the highest weight gain (1846.1g) followed by 15ml (T4) with 1839.1g, 10ml (T3) with 1763.1, 5ml (T2) with 1757.1g and 0ml (T1) with 1679.0g respectively. BPE had no significant (p&gt;0.05) on the feed intake of the birds. There was no significant (p&gt;0.05) difference in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC values among the treatment. However, WBC and its differentials were significantly (p&lt;0.05) influenced by BPE. Significant influences were not observed for albumin, globulin and total protein. Serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) as the level of BPE increased in the water of the animals. It was concluded BPE can be safely included in the water of birds at 15ml and 20ml without any deleterious effect on the performance and health of the animals.

EFFECT OF SEASON ON SOME THERMOREGULATION AND BLOOD PICTURE IN DAMASCUS AND ZARABI MALE GOATS

The effect of seasonal variations on some thermoregulation and blood parameters were studied in ten male goats (five Zarabi and five Damascus). Rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rates were determined at 7: 00, 12;00 and 19:00 during the middle month of every season. Blood samples were collected and was shortly analyzed after collection for RBCs, WBCs, Hb and PCV. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), (MCH), and (MCHC) were mathematically calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using SAS (2007). Results indicated that season of the year affected significantly thermoregulation parameters and RBCS indices which were estimated in males of Damascene and Zraibi goats. the highest overall averages of RT, RR and PR were recorded in summer season (39.06°C, 38.4 acts/min and 87.8 beat/min) for the males goats of Damascus and Zarabi and were accompanied by the highest recorded ambient temperature and THI during that season. The highest RBC, Hb, PCV and MCHC values ​​(11.8 × 106 / 11.8l, 9.4 g / dL, 30.9% and 31.7 g / dL) were recorded in winter, and the highest values ​​of MCV and MCH ( 30.4 fl, 9.0 pg) in summer, however, The highest (11.4 (×103/μL) and lowest (9.1×103/μL) overall average of the total WBC were recorded in spring and winter, respectively in Damascus and Zraibi male blood samples. It could be concluded that season of the year affected significantly hematological and thermoregulation parameters estimated in males of Damascene and Zraibi goats in the present study, however, the values of all parameter were mostly within the physiological range for goats as reported from previous studies.

Detection of Babesia spp by using of Acridine Orange and Giemsa Stain with Study of its Effect on Blood Picture in Local Breed Cows.

This study was conducted to diagnose of Babesia spp by using fluorescent microscope and light microscope, the study also included evaluating of Hemogram (RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCHC, Total Leukocyte Count, Differential Leukocyte Count) in cows infected with Babesia spp which cause piroplasmosis. The study included examination of 60 local breed Cows from many districts of Mosul city from the beginning of February 2018 until the end of July 2018, 17 were clinically infected with piroplasmosis and the infection was confirmed by using Giemsa and Acridine orange staining blood smears, and 10 cows were clinically intact and served as control. the results indicated that the percentage of the infection with Babesia spp was 28.33%, and the percentage of parasitemia ranged between (5-23%) with mean of (12.57%). The Results showed a statistical significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in RBC, Hb, and PCV values of diseased animals, Normocytic Normochromic type of anemia was found, the results also indicated a significant decrease in total Leukocyte count and neutrophil, with significant increase in lymphocytes number. the results also indicated non-significant changes in Eosinophil, Basophil and Monocyte numbers.

Cerebrospinal fluid alterations following endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization: a retrospective laboratory analysis of two tertiary care centers.

This study sought to determine the previously undescribed cytologic and metabolic alterations that accompany endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from infant patients with hydrocephalus at the time of index ETV/CPC and again at each reintervention for persistent hydrocephalus. Basic CSF parameters, including glucose, protein, and cell counts, were documented. A multivariable regression model, incorporating known predictors of ETV/CPC outcome, was constructed for each parameter to inform time-dependent normative values. A total of 187 infants were treated via ETV/CPC for hydrocephalus; initial laboratory values were available for 164 patients. Etiology of hydrocephalus included myelomeningocele (53, 32%), intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity (43, 26%), aqueductal stenosis (24, 15%), and others (44, 27%). CSF parameters did not differ significantly with age or etiology. Glucose levels initially drop below population average (36 to 32 mg/dL) post-operatively before slowly rising to normal levels (42 mg/dL) by 3 months. Dramatically elevated protein levels post-ETV/CPC (baseline of 59 mg/dL up to roughly 200 mg/dL at 1 month) also normalized over 3 months. No significant changes were appreciated in WBC. RBC counts were very elevated following ETV/CPC and quickly declined over the subsequent month. CSF glucose and protein deviate significantly from normal ranges following ETV/CPC before normalizing over 3 months. High RBC values immediately post-ETV/CPC decline rapidly. Age at time of procedure and etiology have little influence on common clinical CSF laboratory parameters. Of note, the retrospective study design necessitates ETV/CPC failure, which could introduce bias in the results.

Long-term Effect of Split Iron Dextran/Hemoglobin Supplementation on Erythrocyte and Iron Status, Growth Performance, Carcass Parameters, and Meat Quality of Polish Large White and 990 Line Pigs

Heme is an efficient dietary iron supplement applied in humans and animals to prevent iron deficiency anemia (IDA). We have recently reported that the use of bovine hemoglobin as a dietary source of heme iron efficiently counteracts the development of IDA in young piglets, which is the common problem in pig industry. Here, we used maternal Polish Large White and terminal sire breed (L990) pigs differing in traits for meat production to evaluate the long-term effect of split supplementation with intramuscularly administered small amount of iron dextran and orally given hemoglobin on hematological indices, iron status, growth performance, slaughter traits, and meat quality at the end of fattening. Results of our study show that in pigs of both breeds split supplementation was effective in maintaining physiological values of RBC and blood plasma iron parameters as well as growth performance, carcass parameters, and meat quality traits. Our results prove the effectiveness of split iron supplementation of piglets in a far-reach perspective.

New antimalarial agents derived from nonlinear phenoxazine ring system

In vivo antimalarial screening of nine nonlinear phenoxazine compounds was carried out on the blood stages of Plasmodium berghei using standard methods. The activities of the compounds were compared with that of quinine as a standard antimalarial drug. LD50 and histopathological studies were also done. Molecular docking studies were carried out on four different protein targets of Plasmodium spp. The effects of these compounds on the hematological parameters (Hemoglobin, Hb; packed cell volume, PCV; white blood cells, WBC; and red blood cells, RBC) were also evaluated. The in vivo antimalarial studies showed that all the synthesized compounds had significant parasitaemia load reduction (89.00–94.05%) at 200 mg/ml when compared with the control, with (2-aminophenoxyl)benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one 3b showing the highest activity. There was no significant difference in the activities of these compounds compared with the standard drug used (96%). The LD50 was found to be ≥5000 mg/kg. Histopathological studies showed a significant restoration of the liver intoxicated with malaria parasite after 5 days. The hematological analysis showed normal values for Hb, PCV, WBC, and RBC in the course of the treatment. The compounds showed more binding affinities for the P. falciparum receptors than the standard drug. The nine synthesized nonliner phenoxazine compounds had significant antimalarial activities and did not significantly affect the hematological parameters. They showed strong binding affinity to the parasite receptors. Hence, they are good candidates for antimalarial drugs. More preclinical investigations are needed.