Detection of Babesia spp by using of Acridine Orange and Giemsa Stain with Study of its Effect on Blood Picture in Local Breed Cows.

doi:10.37940/ajvs.2019.12.2.6

Abstract

This study was conducted to diagnose of Babesia spp by using fluorescent microscope and light microscope, the study also included evaluating of Hemogram (RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCHC, Total Leukocyte Count, Differential Leukocyte Count) in cows infected with Babesia spp which cause piroplasmosis. The study included examination of 60 local breed Cows from many districts of Mosul city from the beginning of February 2018 until the end of July 2018, 17 were clinically infected with piroplasmosis and the infection was confirmed by using Giemsa and Acridine orange staining blood smears, and 10 cows were clinically intact and served as control. the results indicated that the percentage of the infection with Babesia spp was 28.33%, and the percentage of parasitemia ranged between (5-23%) with mean of (12.57%). The Results showed a statistical significant decrease (P<0.05) in RBC, Hb, and PCV values of diseased animals, Normocytic Normochromic type of anemia was found, the results also indicated a significant decrease in total Leukocyte count and neutrophil, with significant increase in lymphocytes number. the results also indicated non-significant changes in Eosinophil, Basophil and Monocyte numbers.

Highlights

Babesia spp is one of the most virulent protozoa that affect cows, causing so-called bovine piroplasmosis , Texas fever or red water disease , The parasite replicate within the red blood cells and the most important species that infected cows are Babesia bovis , Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens (1, 2).The parasite is transmitted by a hard tick, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina is widespread in Asia and Africa, parts of Australia, while Babesia divergens is widespread in parts of Europe and North Africa (3).Babesia bigemina appears within the red blood cells in the form of double pear shape, with a sharp angle appear between them and is characterized by its large size and can appear in the form of a single pear in addition to the oval shape and irregular shape (4).While Babesia bovis appears inside the red blood cells in the form of double pear, between them a separate angle and its located near to the surface of the red blood cells and has a nuclear mass in one of the poles and is characterized by small in size and it is more virulent than Babesia divergens, Babesia bigemina
Giemsa stain has been used since a long period of time in detection of Babesia spp in blood smear, Despite the efficiency of the Giemsa stain in the diagnosis of the parasite where reliable in determining the form of the parasite such as pears or oval, the acridine orange stain is applied and takes about 2-4 minutes in the diagnosis of Babesia spp using a fluorescent microscope compared to Giemsa stain which process of pigmentation takes more time (30-60) minutes using a normal light microscope (5)
Staining of blood smears by Giemsa stain: Giemsa stain was added on fixed blood smears and left for 30 minute, blood smears were washed with tap water and examined under light microscope, the percentage of parasitemia in red blood cells was determined according to the following equation (13): Number of infected RBC

Summary

Introduction

Babesia spp is one of the most virulent protozoa that affect cows, causing so-called bovine piroplasmosis , Texas fever or red water disease , The parasite replicate within the red blood cells and the most important species that infected cows are Babesia bovis , Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens (1, 2).The parasite is transmitted by a hard tick, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina is widespread in Asia and Africa, parts of Australia, while Babesia divergens is widespread in parts of Europe and North Africa (3).Babesia bigemina appears within the red blood cells in the form of double pear shape, with a sharp angle appear between them and is characterized by its large size and can appear in the form of a single pear in addition to the oval shape and irregular shape (4).While Babesia bovis appears inside the red blood cells in the form of double pear, between them a separate angle and its located near to the surface of the red blood cells and has a nuclear mass in one of the poles and is characterized by small in size and it is more virulent than Babesia divergens, Babesia bigemina.

Results

Conclusion