Rayon Fabrics Research Articles

Dyeing of Cuprammonium Rayon Fabrics with Direct Dyes by Means of Microwave Heating

Dyeing of Cuprammonium Rayon Fabrics with Direct Dyes by Means of Microwave Heating

The effect of an alkaline rinse on the aging of cellulosic textiles: Part IV

In Part I of a four-part series, the author reviews the literature on the aging of cellulose, notes the reasons why an alkaline rinse should be effective in retarding the aging of cellulosic textiles, and presents preliminary results which indicate that treating new cotton and rayon cloth with a dilute calcium hydroxide solution can increase their resistance to accelerated aging. In Part II the results of a more detailed study of the effect of a calcium hydroxide rinse on the strength retention and color change of new cellulosic fabrics are reported. It is shown that the treatment is successful in retarding strength loss, but that it has no effect upon color change. PART I: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

INFLUENCES OF INTRODUCED HYDROPHOBIC GROUPS AND CROSS LINKAGES ON THE FASTNESS TO WASHING OF RAYON FABRICS DYEABLE WITH CATIONIC DYES

In a previous study it was shown that the rayon fabric in which acid and hydrophobic groups were introduced, indicates good dyeing property for cationic dyes and good colour fastness to washing, but the mechanism of the fastness has not been clarified.In the present study an attempt was made to introduce the acid and hydrophobic groups into the rayon fabric with a reaction which differs from that in the previous study. The influences on the fastness of the quantities, and the acidity or the hydrophobic character, of acid and hydrophobic groups were also discussed.Results obtained are as follows:(1) Although an acid and a hydrophobic group were introduced by carboxy methylation and esterification respectively, good fastness to washing was also obtained like in previous study.(2) The intensity of acidity of acid groups coexisting with hydrophobic groups gives no influences on the fastness.(3) The sequence of acid or hydrophobic group introduction into the rayon fabric gives no influences on the fastness.(4) The fastness seems to correlate to the degree of swelling of the fabric and also depends on the interaction between dyes and fiber as well as on the intermolecular crosslinkage.

Radiation processing in Indonesia

Radiation Processing in Indonesia. The laboratory experiments on the application of gamma radiation in industrial process have already been started since a few years ago using Gamma Cell 220 from AECL Canada. The fields of study are those which the radiation application can have a maximum beneficial impact to the country such as radiation polymerization of natural latex, natural rubber, polypropylene fibers, cotton, and rayon fabrics. The following results were obtained: 1. 1. Dipping trials with irradiated concentrates are irradiated field latex, for the preparation of condoms and medical gloves, gave products with high ultimate elongation, low modulus, and high permanent set. Doses of 0.5-2.0 Mrad and CCl 4 or CHCl 3 as sensitixer were used. 2. 2. The grafting of acrylonitrile onto natural rubber gave product with better oil resistence and tensile strength. The maximum degree of grafting was obtained using irradiation dose of 1.0 – 2.0 Mrad and 40% of acrylonitrile in benzene. 3. 3. Moisture regain, dye absorption, and the melting point of the grafted polypropylene fibers were found to increase with the increasing degree of grafting. Hydrophylic monomers such as 1-vinyl-2pyrrolidone, acrylonitrile, and acrylic acid were used. Polypropylene 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone grafted fibers showed exellent absorption of almost all kind of dyes such a direct, basic, acid, reactive, disperts, and napthol. However, the washing colorfastness of these fibers was found to be fairly good only for certain types of dyes such as vat and napthol dyes, while the washing colorfastness of polypropylene acrylic acid grafted fibers was found to be unsatisfactory. Grafting was found to be optimum at 60°C. 4. 4. Graft copolymerization of those monomers into cellulose fabrics could improve the dimensional stability and crease recovery angle of the fabrics, while its tensile dtrength and its abrasion decreased with the increasing irradiation dose. The optimum grafting was reached at 60 – 70°C.

Effect of Backcoating On Toxicity of Pyrolysis Gases From Furniture Upholstery Fabrics

Available data on toxicity of pyrolysis gases from furniture upholstery fabrics were studied to determine the effect of backcoating. The data were obtained using the toxicity screening test method developed at the University of San Francisco. For 100% rayon fabrics, time to death appeared to increase when backcoating content increased above 25 per cent. For 100% nylon fabrics, time to death appeared to be longest when backcoating content was about 30 per cent.

Ignitability of Some Upholstery Fabrics With and Without Backcoating

Time to ignition of fifteen samples of upholstery fabrics under various levels of radiant heat flux was determined, using an ignita bility test method at the University of San Francisco. The cotton and rayon fabrics exhibited the shortest times to ignition. Fabric weight and backcoating did not appear to have a significant effect in this limited study.

Ways of reducing the consumption of materials in the production of viscose rayon

of the viscose. The investigations described in this article were carried out relative to the textile rayon technology used at the Klin Man-Made Fibre Combine so that the experiments were carried out by a procedure in which the viscosity of the viscose is not increased. There are three methods of lowering the viscosity of viscose, viz. by increasing its temperature [2], by greatly increasing the gradient of the flow velocity of the viscose in the pipelines and through the spinneret holes [3], and by reducing the degree of polymerization (DP) of the cellulose for the textile rayon [4-6]. The first two methods are not used extensively in the industry because they require equipment modification and the reconstruction of the viscose department of the chemical section, and the third method is of limited use because it may result in a decrease of the tenacity of the textile rayon yarn. In view of the production conditions obtained in the Klin Combine the choice fell on the third method of reducing the viscosity of the viscose. It was necessary, therefore, to determine the limit to which the DP of the cellulose can be lowered without producing an adverse effect on the quality indices of the yarn. An analysis of imported and Soviet-produced textile viscose rayons showed that at many Soviet establishments the DPof the cellulose in textile rayon is on a higher level than the DP of the imported specimens, by about 20-40 units. Experimental batches of textile rayons with a DP of 258-340 were next produced on semiindustrlal equipment.

Surface-active substances added to the wash water of textile viscose rayon on the PNSh-100-I machine

Surface-active substances added to the wash water of textile viscose rayon on the PNSh-100-I machine

Flame Retardancy and Free Formaldehyde Content of Fabrics Finished with Pyrovatex CP

Viscose rayon fabrics were finished with phosphorus-containing flame retarder (Pyrovatex CP) having methylol groups, with or without melamine form aldehyde resin as co-agent. Content of finishing agents, phosphorus content, oxygen index, and free formaldehyde content were measured. Much free formaldehyde was detected in finished fabrics when treated without soaping. No free formaldehyde and sufficient flame retardancy could be obtained only by such treatment as carried out in highly concentrated solution of pure flame retarder followed by sufficient soaping.

Spinning textile viscose rayon in tubes

Spinning textile viscose rayon in tubes

Continuous spinning of textile rayon

Continuous spinning of textile rayon

Electron-Beam-Initiated Grafting of Flame Retardants to Fabrics Containing Cellulose. I. Reaction Rate Studies

Abstract Triallyl phosphate (I), bis(β-chloroethyl) vinyl phosphonate (II), and a multi-functional condensate of n were grafted to cotton and rayon fabrics and the grafted products screened for potential flame retardancy. Grafting was initiated by a 48 × 6 in. electron beam, in air, from a 550 kV, 20 mA accelerator powered by an insulated core transformer, with a dose rate of approximately 1 Mrad/sec. The monomers were either copolymerized in untreated fabric with N-methylol acrylamide as a coreactant or were copolymerized with pendant double bonds in fabric that had been acrylamidomethylated in a prior step.

A FLAME-RESISTANT FINISH FOR A RAYON CLOTH BY THE USE OF GRAFTING

The purpose of the work is to enhance the limiting oxygen index (OI) value of a rayon cloth (original OI, less than twenty) to more than thirty by a washable finish by use of the synergistic effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine. The nitrogen was introduced by the graft-copolymerization of acrylamide into the rayon cellulose, the phosphorus and chlorine by the cure with tetrakis (hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride after the hydroxymethylation of the grafted rayon cloth with formaldehyde. The best conditions for the graftcopolymerization of acrylamide were the initiator, 0.01mol/1 (NH4)2S2O8, the monomer, aq. 10% acrylamide, the reaction temp., 50°C, the reaction time, 2hr and the bath ratio, less than 1:50. The hydroxymethylation of the grafted sample was carried out with aq. 12% formaldehyde of pH 11 at 50°C for 2hr. THPC-cure was carried out at 145°C for 5 min after impregnating of 47% THPC solution containing 8% triethanolamine and predrying at 85°C for 5 min.The OI value of the finished sample increased with increase of the total add-on and reached more than thirty at more than twenty % of the total add-on upon the rayon cloth.

Irregularity of the properties of textile viscose rayon

Irregularity of the properties of textile viscose rayon

Warping textile viscose rayon from the cake

Warping textile viscose rayon from the cake

Drying textile viscose rayon with radiative heat

Drying textile viscose rayon with radiative heat

Methods of improving the quality of textile viscose rayon

Methods of improving the quality of textile viscose rayon

Production and applications of high-modulus textile viscose rayon

Production and applications of high-modulus textile viscose rayon

Jackets for doffing the cakes of textile viscose rayon

Jackets for doffing the cakes of textile viscose rayon

The influence of air pollution on the discoloration of dyestuff. III. Discoloration of dyestuff by nitrogen dioxide.

The influence on the discoloration of two dyed clothes by nitrogen dioxide was measured. The apparatus of constant nitrogen dioxide generation was made in order to see the influence of nitrogen dioxide on the discoloration of dyed cloth. The nitrogen dioxide concentration is measured by NO2 auto analyser. The dyed cloth is exposed to the nitrogen dioxide for a certain time in reaction chamber. For the detection of what extent the discoloration is occurred, the spectroreflectance (400-800nm) was used. In the dry air, the remarkable color fading and change of the materials did not happen. In the wet air (relative humidity 60%), the color of the silk cloth dyed with Acid blue 127 was only faded slightly and the color of the acetate rayon cloth dyed with Diacelliton fast brilliant blue B was faded and changed markedly.