Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Curves Research Articles

The Frequency‐Bessel Spectrograms of Multicomponent Cross‐Correlation Functions From Seismic Ambient Noise

AbstractThe recently developed frequency‐Bessel transformation (F‐J) method is effective to extract multimode surface wave dispersion curves from ambient noise cross‐correlation functions (CCFs). However, this method is currently limited to the vertical‐vertical component CCFs, and only Rayleigh wave dispersion curves can be obtained. In this study, we first relate the F‐J spectrogram to the spatial autocorrelation coefficients; we then extend the F‐J method to the full multicomponent CCFs tensor, including the radial‐radial, transverse‐transverse, and the mixed‐component CCFs. Using the newly derived formulation, not only the signal of higher‐mode Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion can be enhanced, but also the multimode Love wave phase velocity dispersion curves and the higher‐mode Rayleigh wave ellipticity can be extracted. The formulation is tested in several numerical examples and is applied to field data in North America. Our derivation and formulation provide an extension to the current F‐J method and help to take usage of multicomponent CCFs. The resulting higher‐mode surface wave dispersions and Rayleigh wave ellipticity provide complementary constraint on the Earth structures.

Thermo-compositional structure of the north-eastern Canadian Shield from Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis as a record of its tectonic history

The thermal and compositional structure of lithospheric keels underlying cratons, which are stable continental cores formed during the Precambrian, is still an enigma. Mapping lithospheric temperatures and compositional heterogeneities is essential to better understand geodynamic processes that control craton formation and evolution. Here we investigate the northeastern part of North America which comprises the Superior Craton, the largest Archean craton in the world, and surrounding Proterozoic belts. We model Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves from a previous study, which were regionalised based on cluster analysis. Next, we perform a grid search for sub-crustal thermal and compositional structures that are consistent with the average dispersion curve for each cluster. We apply constraints on crustal structure and use thermodynamic methods to map thermo-compositional structures into seismic velocity. In agreement with previous studies, most regions require concentrations of metasomatic minerals over certain depth intervals to fit the seismic profiles. Our results further require vertical as well as lateral variations in compositional and thermal structures, which appear to reflect different stages of formation and modification of the lithosphere below the region, with distinct structures found under Archean cores, Archean/Paleoproterozoic collision belts, mid-late Proterozoic collision belts, and zones affected by rifting.

Artificial Neural Network–Based Inversion for Leaky Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Curve from Non-contact SASW Testing of Multi-layer Pavements

The air-coupled spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) is an improvement technique of the conventional SASW method. The test can be used to evaluate the elastic modulus profile and layer thickness in the layered structures, such as pavement and soil ground. In air-coupled SASW test, the ground-coupled sensors are replaced by non-contact sensors to collect leaky surface waves, instead of the ground vibration. The evaluation is based on leaky Rayleigh wave dispersion characteristic in a layered media and then through a process of inversion which is considered a complicated process. This paper describes a development of an automated inversion procedure of non-contact SASW test data based on the neural network method. The effect of the structural properties of the pavement profile on the dispersion curves’ shapes was investigated too. The artificial neural network (ANN) models were trained by using a synthetic dispersion curves calculated from numerical simulation of different asphalt concrete pavement layer system configurations. The effect of the most optimized networks with the lower error rate and iteration number for convergence were selected and tested for certainty. The final results for the developed ANN models were reasonable and very close to the actual output.

Ambient Vibration Analysis on Large Scale Arrays When Lateral Variations Occur in the Subsurface: A Study Case in Switzerland

The ambient vibration analysis is a non-invasive and low-cost technique used in site characterization studies to reconstruct the subsurface velocity structure. Depending on the goal of the research, the investigated depth ranges from tens to hundreds of meters. In this work, we aimed at investigating the deeper contrasts within the crust and in particular down to the sedimentary-rock basement transition located at thousands of meters of depth. To achieve this goal, three seismic arrays with minimum and maximum interstation distances of 7.9 m and 26.8 km were deployed around the village of Schafisheim. Schafisheim is located in the Swiss Molasse Basin, a sedimentary basin stretching from Lake Constance to Lake Geneva with a thickness ranging from 800 to 900 m in the north to 5 km in the south. To compute the multimodal dispersion curves for Rayleigh and Love waves and the Rayleigh wave ellipticity angles, the data were processed using two single-station and three array processing techniques. A preliminary analysis of the inversion results pointed out a good agreement with the fundamental modes of Rayleigh and Love waves used in the inversion and a quite strong disagreement with the higher modes. The impossibility to explain at the same time most of the dispersion curves was interpreted as the co-existence, within the investigated area, of portions of the subsurface with different geophysical properties. The hypothesis was confirmed by the Horizontal-to-Vertical spectral analysis (H/V) which indicated the presence of two distinguished areas. The observation allowed a new interpretation and the identification of the Rayleigh and Love wave fundamental modes and of the S-wave velocity profiles to be reconstructed for each investigated zone. It results in two S-wave velocity profiles with similar velocities down to 15 km deferring only in their shallow portions due to the occurrence of a low velocity zone at a depth of 50–150 m at the centre of the investigated area.

New empirical relationship between resonance frequency and thickness of sediment using ambient noise measurements and joint-fit-inversion of the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve for Kangra Valley (NW Himalaya), India

New empirical relationship between resonance frequency and thickness of sediment using ambient noise measurements and joint-fit-inversion of the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve for Kangra Valley (NW Himalaya), India

Direct Surface Wave Radial Anisotropy Tomography in the Crust of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis

AbstractA novel method is implemented to invert Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves of all paths jointly for 3‐D shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy simultaneously without intermediate steps. We use the method to derive high‐precision crustal shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy models around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis using ambient noise dispersion data (5–40 s). Results show that the crust can be divided into several subregions with different rigidity and preferred mineral alignment orientation depth‐dependently. In the middle crust, combined with other geophysical observations, 3‐D geometry of two continuous branches of eastward channelized weak zones is outlined in detail. Both branches of the weak zone are blocked by the high velocity zone with radial anisotropy of Vsh>Vsv at around 96–97°E. In the upper crust, the radial anisotropy model depicts a complex pattern, which is associated with the ongoing surface uplifting and shear strain rate distribution.

A widespread mid-crustal low-velocity layer beneath Northeast China revealed by the multimodal inversion of Rayleigh waves from ambient seismic noise

In this study, we re-examined the crustal and uppermost mantle shear velocity structure beneath Northeast China using the broadband ambient seismic noise data from several temporary and permanent arrays in this region. By employing our newly developed interferometric analysis method (F-J method) for array noises and the corresponding multi-mode dispersion curve inversion approach, we obtained an integrated crustal and uppermost mantle shear velocity model of this region. We divided the study area into 39 overlapping sub-areas and then applied the F-J method to each sub-area to obtain a 3D shear velocity model. We extracted the fundamental mode and up to 4 higher-mode dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves in frequencies ranging 0.02–0.45 Hz from the ambient seismic noise data, inverted multi-mode dispersion curves, and obtained local 1D shear velocity model for each sub-area. By integrating all 1D shear velocity models of the 39 overlapping sub-areas, we obtained a 3D crustal and upper mantle model of Northeast China. Our integrated 3D model shows a widely distributed low-velocity zone at a depth of approximately 10–20 km located beneath the northern part of Xing-Mong orogenic belt and Songliao basin and the Changbaishan Mountain. Moreover, a large high-velocity zone underneath the region around the northern edge of Songliao basin is observed at a depth of approximately 40–50 km depth. These results provide evidence to improve our understanding of the tectonics of Northeast China.

Use of peaks and troughs in the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of ambient noise for Rayleigh-wave dispersion curve picking

To assist in the identification of fundamental-mode dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves in dispersion diagrams, we explore the relation between the shape of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral-ratio (HVSR) of ambient seismic noise and the shape of the dispersion curves for phase and group velocities in a stratified medium. We propose to use the information coming from the HVSR to identify the osculation zones and multi-mode effects and to locate inflection points and critical points in the observed phase and group dispersion diagrams of Rayleigh waves. The relationship between these curves has been numerically investigated for some models consisting of one and two homogeneous layers overlying a half-space, with velocities increasing downwards. It is primarily found that the first minimum in the HVSR appears close to the frequency of the inflection point of the fundamental mode of phase velocity. In addition, the osculation and multimode effects occur between frequencies of the fundamental peak and the first minimum of the HVSR. On the other hand, the frequencies of the minima in HVSR closely approximate the critical points of the fundamental-mode group-velocity dispersion curve, even better than the inflection points of the fundamental-mode phase-velocity curve. Finally, we show an example of experimental identification of fundamental-mode phase and group dispersion curves supported by the shape of the HVSR, obtaining a reliable velocity profile through the simultaneous inversion of these three curves.

Quantitative Assessment of the Pavement Modulus and Surface Crack using the Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Curve

Surface cracks directly influence the integrity of asphalt pavement structures, the durability of the pavement, and driving safety. Assessment of cracking distress is of vital importance for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. Compared with other methods, the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method, a seismic wave-based nondestructive method, has advantages in estimating the deterioration of modulus and quantitatively evaluating the depth and severity of surface cracks by means of the Rayleigh wave propagation characteristic. The objectives of this paper are to monitor long-term attenuation characteristics of in-situ modulus of a semi-rigid asphalt pavement, to determine when the surface-opening cracks will occur as associated to the degree of modulus reduction, and to assess the depth of surface-opening crack through the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh wave propagation using the SASW method. First, a general trend of modulus deterioration of asphalt layer was developed in an accelerated pavement testing (APT). Then the factors affecting the dispersion characteristics of the Rayleigh wave were determined through theoretical derivation. Finally, a series of experimental tests on a pavement segment with well-controlled surface-opening cracks was performed to explore how a surface-opening crack in asphalt pavement would vertically influence the propagation of Rayleigh waves at different crack widths. It was found that the general trend of modulus deterioration could be divided into four stages, and the surface-opening cracks occurred in the fourth stage with 40–50% modulus reduction rate. In addition, the relationship between crack depth and the shortest wavelength in the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve was developed according to different crack widths.

Пространственное распределение коэффициента анизотропии в верхней мантии Европы

The radial (transversal) anisotropy of the Earth’s upper mantle was found by comparing the velocity sections of transverse waves obtained by inverse of the dispersion curves of Rayleigh and Love waves. Information on variations in anisotropy with depth was obtained from dispersion curves on fairly uniform oceanic paths. In the oceanic mantle the SH wave velocities obtained from the Love wave data are greater than the SV wave velocities determined from Rayleigh waves, so that the anisotropy coefficient is positive and is about 4% under the Moho boundary and decreases to zero at a depth of about 200 km. The information about the anisotropy of the continents is much more scarce and often contradictory due to a strong lateral inhomogeneity of the crust and upper mantle of the continents. In the European region, some authors reveal the zones where VSV>VSH in the upper mantle, whereas some others confirm VSH>VSV to be everywhere. The uncertainty in the observed values of the anisotropy coefficient is explained by the fact that it was always determined from the results of the Rayleigh and Love wave velocity tomography carried out on the basis of different samples of paths. Accordingly, the values of the SH and SV wave velocities turned out to be averaged over different regions, which led to errors in the estimates of the anisotropy coefficient. To reduce these errors, we proposed an alternative method for estimating the spatial distribution of the anisotropy coefficient: to estimate the anisotropy co-efficient in the beginning at each path and then to fulfill the tomographic inversion for this coefficient. Preliminary results on the distribution of the anisotropy coefficient in the upper mantle of Europe were presented according to an earthquake and seismic noise. However, analysis of the anisotropy coefficient values obtained from the earthquake data and seismic noise has shown that those obtained from noise are usually underestimated. Therefore, in the present study, we used only the data obtained from earthquakes. It was shown that the anisotropy coefficient under the continental part of the European region is close to zero but two areas where VSV>VSH are detected – in the central part of EEP and in southern Italy. In both cases, the negative values of the anisotropy coefficient are observed within the interval of ~60–100 km depth.

Surface-wave phase-velocity maps of the Anatolia region (Turkey) from ambient noise tomography

The Anatolian region is an area with very heterogeneous crustal structure accompanied by large velocity contrasts. Despite the complexity of the region, the detailed crustal structure remains to be unraveled. In this study, we first measure the dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves between 1,721 pairs of station and then invert these dispersion curves to obtain high-resolution isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic phase-velocity maps in the period range of 5–25 s. The resulting isotropic phase-velocity patterns display strong correlation with the geological features, while the anisotropic patterns are highly consistent with the GPS-measured surface velocity field in the region. Variations of the isotropic as well as anisotropic patterns indicate the presence of active faulting, especially beneath the East and North Anatolian Faults. Beneath the locations of Holocene volcanoes and crystalline massifs in Cappadocia, high velocities (up to 2.5%) are present, whereas negative velocity anomalies (up to −2%) are found beneath the Menderes Massif in southwestern Anatolia (at periods of 5–20 s), suggesting different origins and tectonic regimes of those massifs. On either side of an active fault, two terranes with different stress patterns are generally found. Active fault can thus be identified by different anisotropy patterns on either sides of the fault. The Central Anatolian Fault do not display strong isotropic velocity contrasts, as well as no noticeable variation in the anisotropic pattern across the fault, suggesting that this fault may not be active in recent times.

Urban Seismic Site Characterization by Fiber‐Optic Seismology

AbstractAccurate ground motion prediction requires detailed site effect assessment, but in urban areas where such assessments are most important, geotechnical surveys are difficult to perform, limiting their availability. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) offers an appealing alternative by repurposing existing fiber‐optic cables, normally employed for telecommunication, as an array of seismic sensors. We present a proof‐of‐concept demonstration by using DAS to produce high‐resolution maps of the shallow subsurface with the Stanford DAS array, California. We describe new methods and their assumptions to assess H/V spectral ratio—a technique widely used to estimate the natural frequency of the soil—and to extract Rayleigh wave dispersion curves from ambient seismic field. These measurements are jointly inverted to provide models of shallow seismic velocities and sediment thicknesses above bedrock in central campus. The good agreement with an independent survey validates the methodology and demonstrates the power of DAS for microzonation.

Tomographic Imaging of the Agung-Batur Volcano Complex, Bali, Indonesia, From the Ambient Seismic Noise Field

The Agung-Batur Volcanic Complex (ABVC), part of the Sunda volcanic arc, is the source of some of the most hazardous volcanic activity in Indonesia. The ABVC has undergone many small (VEI 1-2) eruptions since historical records began in the early 19th century, but Mt. Agung has experienced much larger (VEI 5) eruptions, both in the modern (1963) and historical (1843) eras, as well as several times during the past 2000-3000 years. The 1963 eruption caused more than 1000 deaths, and a more recent eruption in 2017 caused the evacuation of 140,000 people. Delineating the magma structure beneath ABVC is an important first step in understanding the physics of these eruptions. This paper presents the first local-scale study of Rayleigh wave group velocity structure and the seismic velocity structure beneath the ABVC using ambient seismic noise tomography. Seismic data were collected using 25 seismometers deployed across the ABVC during early January to March 2019. The local seismic network provides good resolution beneath both Mt. Agung and Mt. Batur. We obtained 158 Rayleigh Green’s Functions, extracted by cross correlating noise simultaneously recorded at available station pairs. We used sub-space inversion to calculate group velocity at different periods and to estimate the lateral variations in group velocity for given periods. 2-D tomographic maps obtained from the inversion of the group velocity of Rayleigh waves clearly showed some pronounced velocity anomalies beneath the ABVC. We applied the Neighbourhood Algorithm (NA) technique to invert the Rayleigh wave dispersion curves to obtain shear wave velocity (Vs) vs. depth profiles. These profiles indicate a low Vs of about 1 km/s underlying the volcanic complex between Mt. Agung and Mt. Batur at depths up to 2 km, which we suggest is due to a combination of low-Vs volcanic deposits as well as a shallow hydrothermal fluids system associated with magma fluids and/or gases produced by magma intrusion at depths > 7 km.

Joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves for improving the accuracy of near-surface S-wave velocities

High-frequency surface-wave techniques are extensively employed for the determination of S-wave velocities of near-surface materials. The absence of the measured phase velocity dispersion curves at specific frequency band, however, is common in the real world, which may cause inaccurate S-wave velocity by inversion. Additionally, surface-wave phase velocities are relatively insensitive to S-wave velocities under the abnormal high or low velocity layer, so it is difficult for surface-wave techniques to obtain S-wave velocities in irregular models which contain an (or several) abnormal layer(s). Based on significantly different sensitivity frequency bands of Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities, a joint inversion method of Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves was proposed by the conjugate gradient algorithm. We used synthetic models to test the effectiveness of the developed method. Numerical modeling results revealed that: (1) S-wave velocities acquired by joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities were more accurate than that by individual inversion in the case of lacking surface-wave dispersion data; (2) joint inversion efficiently improved the accuracy of S-wave velocities of irregular models. A real-world example verified the validity in application of the proposed approach.

Shear Velocity Inversion Using Multimodal Dispersion Curves From Ambient Seismic Noise Data of USArray Transportable Array

AbstractWe utilize an array method called the frequency‐Bessel transformation method to extract the multimodal dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves from ambient seismic noise data recorded by the USArray Transportable Array. We observe as many as five overtones' dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves in the Midwestern United States, and four and three overtones' dispersion curves, respectively, in the U.S. Great Plain area and Northeastern United States. We employ a quasi‐Newton method to invert the multimodal dispersion curves for the shear velocity. We find that the sensitivity of overtones to deeper structures is higher than that of fundamental mode in the same frequency range. The utilization of overtones significantly improved the non‐uniqueness and convergence of the inversions, which make the final inversion results robust and reliable. Our inversion results for S wave velocity (Vs) model in the studied areas exhibit some differences compared with Shen and Ritzwoller's model (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB012887). The Vs falls abruptly in the lower crust (21–33 km) in the U.S. Great Plain area and Northeastern U.S. areas. A high‐velocity zone is observable in depth of 50–60 km in the U.S. Great Plain area and Midwestern United States, and all three models show larger Vs values below 50 km than those of Shen and Ritzwoller (2016).

Active and passive source Rayleigh wave joint imaging of the shallow structure in the Caotan Camp area, southwestern Ordos Basin

The shallow surface of the southern Ordos Basin is a thick Quaternary loess layer with a loose and unstable structure, which threatens the stability of local infrastructure and has a great impact on oil and gas seismic exploration in this area. Therefore, identifying the internal velocity structure of the loess sediments is of critical importance. In this study, joint imaging of active and passive source Rayleigh waves was utilized to reveal the shallow shear-wave velocity (vs) structure in the Caotan Camp area, southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin. Active source Rayleigh waves were recorded by long-spread geophone array and processed by an improved F–K transform algorithm to extract multi-mode Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves. The passive source seismic signals were collected by broadband seismographs, and the phase velocities at discrete frequencies of the passive source Rayleigh wave were calculated by Aki's spectral formula. A nested genetic and damped least squares (DLS) algorithm was used for the joint inversion of the active and passive source Rayleigh wave dispersion curves. The two-dimensional vs section under the survey line reveals the thickness and stratification of loess sediments in the study area. The joint imaging of the active and passive source Rayleigh wave also effectively increases the investigation depth, allowing to obtain the bedrock interface below the loess sediments.

Shallow Structure of the Longmen Shan Fault Zone from a High-Density, Short-Period Seismic Array

ABSTRACTThe Longmen Shan fault zone that was shocked by the 12 May 2008 M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake acts as the boundary between the western edge of the Sichuan basin and the steep eastern margin of the Songpan-Ganze block. In this study, continuous seismic data recorded by 176 temporary short-period seismic stations between 22 October and 20 November 2017 are used to study the shallow crustal structure of the Longmen Shan fault zone by applying ambient-noise tomography and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) analysis. From ambient-noise analysis, fundamental-mode Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves between 0.25 and 1 Hz are extracted. Then, the direct surface-wave tomographic method is used to invert surface-wave dispersion data for the 3D shallow shear-wave velocity structure. Our results show that low shear-wave velocities are mainly distributed around the surface rupture trace of the Wenchuan earthquake at least down to 2 km. From the HVSR method, the sites are sorted into two types according to the pattern of HVSR curves with single peak or double peak. By converting frequency to depth, the results show that the sediments are thicker near the surface rupture. The low-velocity zone based on ambient-noise tomography agrees well with the distribution of sedimentary cover estimated from HVSR, which are generally consistent with geological information. Our results provide high-resolution shallow crustal velocity structure for future detailed studies of the Longmen Shan fault.

Shear wave velocity structure beneath Bandung basin, West Java, Indonesia from ambient noise tomography

Summary We investigated the seismic shear wave velocity structure of the upper crust beneath the Bandung area in West Java, Indonesia, using ambient seismic noise tomography. We installed 60 seismographs to record ambient seismic noise continuously in the city of Bandung and its surrounding area for 8 months. After inter-station cross-correlation of recordings of ambient seismic noise, we obtained empirical Green's functions for Rayleigh waves. Group velocity dispersion curves for Rayleigh waves between periods of 1 s and 8 s were measured on each inter-station path by applying the multiple filter analysis method with phase-matched processing. The spatial variation of group velocities shows a good correlation with the geological structure of the Bandung Basin. The Rayleigh wave dispersion maps were inverted to obtain the 1D shear wave velocity profiles beneath each station, which were interpolated to infer a pseudo-3D structure under the study region. The results show that the Bandung Basin has a thick layer of sediment. Along the northern, eastern and southern mountains surrounding the Bandung Basin there is high-velocity structure, except to the west of the Tangkuban Parahu volcano, where a massive low-velocity structure extending throughout the upper crust might indicate the presence of fluids or partial melts.

Shear wave structure of a transect of the Los Angeles basin from multimode surface waves and H/V spectral ratio analysis

SUMMARYWe use broad-band stations of the ‘Los Angeles Syncline Seismic Interferometry Experiment’ (LASSIE) to perform a joint inversion of the Horizontal to Vertical spectral ratios (H/V) and multimode dispersion curves (phase and group velocity) for both Rayleigh and Love waves at each station of a dense line of sensors. The H/V of the autocorrelated signal at a seismic station is proportional to the ratio of the imaginary parts of the Green’s function. The presence of low-frequency peaks (∼0.2 Hz) in H/V allows us to constrain the structure of the basin with high confidence to a depth of 6 km. The velocity models we obtain are broadly consistent with the SCEC CVM-H community model and agree well with known geological features. Because our approach differs substantially from previous modelling of crustal velocities in southern California, this research validates both the utility of the diffuse field H/V measurements for deep structural characterization and the predictive value of the CVM-H community velocity model in the Los Angeles region. We also analyse a lower frequency peak (∼0.03 Hz) in H/V and suggest it could be the signature of the Moho. Finally, we show that the independent comparison of the H and V components with their corresponding theoretical counterparts gives information about the degree of diffusivity of the ambient seismic field.

Geophonino-W: A Wireless Multichannel Seismic Noise Recorder System for Array Measurements.

The characterization of soil is essential for the evaluation of seismic hazard, because soil properties strongly influence the damage caused by earthquakes. Methods based on seismic noise are the most commonly used in soil characterization. Concretely, methods based on seismic noise array measurements allow for the estimation of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves and, subsequently, shear-wave velocity profiles. The equipment required for the application of this technique is usually very expensive, which could be a significant economic challenge for small research groups. In this work, we have developed a wireless multichannel seismic noise recorder system (Geophonino-W), which is suitable for array measurements. Each station includes a microcontroller board (Arduino), a conditioning circuit, an Xbee module, an SD card, and a GPS module. Several laboratory tests were carried out in order to study the performance of the Geophonino-W: A frequency response test (impulse response and noise); synchronization test; and battery duration test. Comparisons of Geophonino-W with the commercial systems and field measurements were also carried out. The estimated dispersion curves obtained using the proposed system were compared with the ones obtained using other commercial equipment, demonstrating the effectiveness of Geophonino-W for seismic noise array measurements. Geophonino-W is an economic open-source and hardware system that is available to any small research group or university.