Ray Absorptiometry Research Articles

Korelacija metaboličkog profila i koštane gustine kod netretiranih ispitanica obolelih od supkliničkih tireoidnih disfunkcija - pilot studija

Introduction. It is well-known that overt thyroid dysfunctions have an influence on bone mineral density (BMD). It is noticed as a change in bone turnover and BMD, with subsequent increased risk of fall-induced fractures. Additionally, promoting the lipid profile derangement, subclinical thyroid dysfunction seems to be an important factor of atherosclerosis acceleration and the risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular incidents. In this study we examined the relationship between some of osteoporosis risk factors, metabolic parameters and BMD, in subclinical thyroidopathies. Material and Methods. Pilot cross-sectional study involved 45 females selected on fulfilled inclusion criteria. Three groups of 15 examinees were formed, based on TSH and fT4 serum levels (SHypo, SHyper, and euthyroid-control). As for risk factors, age, records on menopause and history of past fractures as well as metabolic parameters Body Mass Index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed. The entire study population was referred to DEXA (Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry) scan for BMD measurement on lumbar spine (LS) and left hip (LH), expressed through T scores. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS for Windows 18.0 statistical package. The level of statistical significance was 0.05. Results. The groups of patients differed on cholesterol levels and LS/LH T scores. Decreased BMD was detected in 35 (77.4%) patients. Intergroup correlations of LS/LH T scores were registered. A history of past fractures and records on menopause significantly influenced LS/LH T scores, which was not the case with metabolic parameters. Both the lowest T scores and clinically important dyslipidemia were presented in SHypo group. Discussion. The pilot study pointed out a decrease in BMD (mostly on osteopenia level) in subclinical, presumably hypothyroid disorder. The presence of hypercholesterolemia was detected in the same group. Metabolic parameters and thyroid hormones (TSH and fT4) did not have an effect on BMD. Conclusion. Subclinical thyroid dysfunctions are associated with a decrease in BMD, mostly presented as osteopenia, with a higher degree of severity in SHypo group. There is no registered influence of metabolic parameters on LS/LH T scores. It can be possible to slow down progression of decrease in BMD and subsequent fracture risk, with proper diagnostics and management of subclinical thyroid dysfunctions. Additionally, with correction of lipid disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk could be minimized.

Nutritional status evaluation in patients affected by bethlem myopathy and ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy.

Collagen VI mutations lead to disabling myopathies like Bethlem myopathy (BM) and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD). We have investigated the nutritional and metabolic status of one UCMD and seven BM patients (five female, three male, mean age 31 ± 9 years) in order to find a potential metabolic target for nutritional intervention. For this study, we used standard anthropometric tools, such as BMI evaluation and body circumference measurements. All results were compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), considered the “gold standard” method. Energy intake of each patient was evaluated through longitudinal methods (7-day food diary) while resting energy expenditure (REE) was predicted using specific equations and measured by indirect calorimetry. Clinical evaluation included general and nutritional blood and urine laboratory analyses and quantitative muscle strength measurement by hand-held dynamometry. BM and UCMD patients showed an altered body composition, characterized by low free fat mass (FFM) and high fat mass (FM), allowing us to classify them as sarcopenic, and all but one as sarcopenic-obese. Another main result was the negative correlation between REE/FFM ratio (basal energy expenditure per kilograms of fat-free mass) and the severity of the disease, as defined by the muscle megascore (correlation coefficient −0.955, P-value <0.001). We postulate that the increase of the REE/FFM ratio in relation to the severity of the disease may be due to an altered and pathophysiological loss of energetic efficiency at the expense of skeletal muscle. We show that a specific metabolic disequilibrium is related to the severity of the disease, which may represent a target for a nutritional intervention in these patients.

Influence of coffee consumption on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history

Introduction: Complex etiology of osteoporosis include genetic, hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors. The aim of this study was to examine influence of coffee consumption on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history.Methods: This prospective study included 100 postmenopausal women, aged 50-65 years living in Sarajevo area, with estrogen deficiency in their menstrual history. The controlled clinical trials were conducted. Two groups were formed (based on bone mineral density values). The examination group included 50 women who had osteoporosis, while the control group included 50 women without osteoporosis (osteopenia, normal bone mineral density). The lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density was measured by Dual–Energy X–ray Absorptiometry using Hologic QDR-4000 scanner. Coffee drinking habits were assessed for each subject.Results: The average daily intake of coffee in women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history was at 267.6 ml in the examination group and in the control group 111.6 ml. The difference in the average daily intake of coffee between the two groups was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). There was registered significant correlation between intake of coffee and bone mineral density in examination (p &lt; 0.01) and in control group (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: This study indicates that coffee consumption is a risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, aged 50-65 years living in Sarajevo area, with estrogen deficiency in their menstrual history. It was shown that the effects of coffee on bone mineral density are dose-dependent.

AB0819 Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Hypertension

BackgroundOsteoporosis and hypertension are two major age-related disorders. The underlying molecular mechanism for these two conditions is not known. Some studies showed that the renin-angiotensin system, which pays a central...

AB0300 ACPA in Reduction of BMD in Premenopausal RA Patients

BackgroundBone strength depends on its structure, the material properties, and bone turnover; bone mineral density (BMD) loss results in micro-architectural deterioration and decreased mechanical strength of bone. In rheumatoid arthritis...

Influence of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history

Introduction: Estrogen deficiency leads to bone mass loss and increased risk for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to examine influence of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history.Methods: The total of 100 postmenopausal women living in Sarajevo area, aged 50-65 years, with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history participated in this prospective study. The subjects were divided in two groups, examination and control group, based on bone mineral density values. The women in the examination group had osteoporosis while in the control group were women with osteopenia or normal bone mineral density. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and proximal femur by Dual–Energy X–ray Absorptiometry using Hologic QDR-4000 scanner. Smoking habits were assessed for each subject.Results: The average number of cigarettes smoked per day in women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history was 14.86 in the examination group and 4.67 in the control group. The difference in the average number of cigarettes smoked per day between the two groups was statistically significant (p &lt;0.01). The coefficient of linear correlation between T score and the number of cigarettes smoked per day among women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history in the examination group was statistically significant (p&lt;0.01). The coefficient of linear correlation between T score and the number of cigarettes smoked per day among women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history in the control group was statistically significant ( p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that cigarette smoking has negative impact on bone mineral density and that healthy lifestyle (no smoking) has the potential to reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history.

High frequency of hypovitaminosis D and low bone mineral density in a sample of HIV-infected men in Chile

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hypovitaminosis D and low bone mineral density in a sample of patients within our HIV cohort. A random sample of 16 HIV-infected patients was selected for evaluation of levels of Vitamin D and bone mineral density with dual X ray absorptiometry. Within this sample of patients, 94% had low levels of vitamin D. Among them, eight had insufficient levels (10-30 ng/mL) and seven had deficient levels (less than 10 ng/mL) of this vitamin. Ten out of sixteen (63%) had an abnormal dual X ray absorptiometry (osteopenia or osteoporosis). All patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis had low levels of vitamin D, were on CDC stage A, had a CD4+ count greater than 350 cells/mm³ and HIV viral load less than 50 copies/mL. Low bone mineral density and hypovitaminosis D is highly frequent in this sample of HIV-infected patients in Chile.

Diet, weight, cytokines and bone health in postmenopausal women.

To investigate diet and nutrition-related factors associated with bone loss in a group of postmenopausal (PM) women. Nutritional intake, inflammatory markers and body composition (weight, body mass index, fat/lean mass) were analysed for associations with bone mineral density (BMD). A cross sectional study examining correlations between BMD (Duel-energy X ray absorptiometry; (DXA) and dietary intake (3-day diaries), body composition and plasma bone and inflammatory markers: C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and procollagen type I N propeptide (P1NP), C- reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL-6, IL-10), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Community dwelling women from the Auckland, Hawke's Bay and Manawatu regions in New Zealand. 142 healthy, PM women aged 50-70 years. OPG (per kilogram fat mass) was increased in women with osteoporosis (p<0.001) compared to groups classified with normal BMD and osteopenia. Protein, vitamin B12, zinc, potassium and dairy intake were all positively correlated with higher BMD while dairy and potassium intakes also inversely correlated with CTX. Body composition (weight, BMI and fat/lean mass) had strong positive associations with BMD. Multiple regression analysis showed body weight, potassium and dairy intake were predictors of increased BMD in PM women and explained 39% (r2=0.39, p< 0.003) of variance. BMD was negatively correlated with OPG and positively with weight, dairy and potassium intake. This study highlights the importance of maintaining adequate body weight and emphasising dairy and potassium predominantly sourced from fruit/vegetables to reduce bone loss at midlife.

&lt;b&gt;Development of a spinal load evaluation method from &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;human body mass distribution using DXA &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) &lt;/b&gt;

Many patients have neck and back pain, and their standing posture (spinal alignment) is sometimes considered to be one of the factors that contributes to such pain. Thus, it would be useful to evaluate spinal loads in that posture. A method to evaluate individual spinal loads using link segment models made from body mass distributions using DXA (dual–energy X–ray absorptiometry) was developed. An element was defined as 1.30 × 1.22 cm, and a detailed body mass distribution consisting of 7473 elements was constructed using DXA equipment (QDR4500). The subjects' bodies were divided into cervicofacial (vertex–C7 ⁄ T1), thoracic (C7 ⁄ T1 – T12 ⁄ L1), and lumbar (T12 ⁄ L1 – L4 ⁄ 5) segments. Each mass, M1, M2, and M3, and the center of the masses were calculated. With these parameters and DXA images, each torque, TC7/T1, TT12/L1, and TL4/5, was calculated from the following formulas: TC7/T1 = M1gr1cosθ1, TT12/L1 = M1g (l2cosθ2 + r1cosθ1) + M2gr2cosθ2, and TL4/5 = M1g (l3cosθ3 + l2cosθ2 + r1cosθ1) + M2g (l3cosθ3 + r2cosθ2) + M3gr3cosθ3 (r1, r2, and r3: lengths from the rotation center to each center of mass; l2 and l3: lengths of C7 ⁄ T1 – T12 ⁄ L1 and T12 ⁄ L1 – L4 ⁄ 5; θ1, θ2, and θ3: angles formed between a horizontal line and r1, r2, and r3). In order to reproduce the standing posture on DXA, the standing side was formed by a vacuum cushion for operative position in advance. The parameters from DXA in the lateral view were as follows. In case 1 (38–year–old man, healthy, 164.0 cm and 55.5 kg), they were M1 = 4.50, M2 = 13.24, M3 = 6.92 kg, TC7/T1 = –0.28, TT12/L1 = –3.80, and TL4/5 = –6.42 Nm (facing right, clockwise: positive). In case 2 (76–year–old man, lumbar spondylosis, 156.9 cm and 59.6 kg), they were M1 = 4.83, M2 = 14.27, M3 = 10.34 kg, TC7/T1 = –1.69, TT12/L1 = –16.1, and TL4/5 = –44.3 Nm. In case 3 (71–year–old woman, lumbar spondylosis, scoliosis, 147.2 cm and 49.0 kg), they were M1 = 4.63, M2 = 11.42, M3 = 5.36 kg, TC7/T1 = –2.53, TT12/L1 = –16.0, and TL4/5 = –27.0 Nm. Torques at L4/5 were 6.9 and 4.2 times greater in cases 2 and 3 than in case 1. Total masses calculated from DXA were 54.5, 59.0, and 47.6 kg, and errors between these and actual weights were –1.8, –1.0, and –2.9％, respectively. A method for evaluating spinal loads as torques was developed using DXA. In the future, it will be possible to use this method to evaluate factors such as pain and the effect of rehabilitation. The relationships between torques and various scales (such as pain, depression, ADL, and QOL) need to be examined, taking into account age, sex, muscular strength, etc.

Physical activity and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women without estrogen deficiency in menstrual history

Introduction: The estrogen defi ciency after menopause leads to accelerated loss of bone mass. The aim of this study was to examine influence of physical activity on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women who hadn’t a deficit of estrogen in their menstrual history.Methods: This prospective study included 100 postmenopausal women, ages between 50 and 65, living in Sarajevo area without estrogen deficiency in menstrual history. The women in the examination group had osteoporosis. The women in the control group had osteopenia or normal mineral bone density. Mineral bone density was measured at the lumbar spine and proximal femur by Dual–Energy X–ray Absorptiometry using Hologic QDR-4000 scanner. To assess level of physical activity an International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long Form was used.Results: In the examination group of women who had no history of menstrual estrogen deficit, level of physical activity was low in 52.00% female, and in 48.00% women level of physical activity was moderate. In the control group of women who had no history of menstrual estrogen defi cit in 10.00% female level of physical activity was low, and in 90.00% female level of physical activity was moderate. The difference in levels of physical activity between the two groups was statistically significant, X2 test = 20.6, p &lt;0.005.Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that moderate physical activity has positive impact on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women without estrogen defi ciency in menstrual history and has the potential to reduce rapid bone loss after menopause.

Assessment of body composition by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, bioimpedance analysis and anthropometrics in children: the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study

We compared InBody720 segmental multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (SMF-BIA) with Lunar Prodigy Advance dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in assessment of body composition among 178 predominantly prepubertal children. Segmental agreement analysis of body compartments was carried out, and inter-relationships of anthropometric and other measures of body composition were defined. Moreover, the relations of different reference criteria for excess body fat were evaluated. The prevalence of excess body fat varies greatly according to the used criteria. Intraclass and Pearson's correlations between SMF-BIA and DXA were >0·92 in total body and >0·74 in regional measures. SMF-BIA underestimated percentage body fat (%BF) and fat mass (FM), and overestimated lean mass (LM) and percentage LM with significant offset trend bias. Higher adiposity increased offsets, and overall agreement was poorer in girls. On average, %BF offsets (girls/boys) and limits of agreement (LA) were 3·9/1·6% [(-)1·4-9·2%/(-)3·4-6·7%]. Interestingly percentage offsets of fat content (%BF: 18·9/10·1%, FM: 18·8/11·1%) showed no significant bias trends indicating that the corresponding absolute methodological offset depends on the amount of fat content. The smallest percentage offset was found with LM: 4·3/0·1%, referring offset (LA) of 0·88/0·03kg (±2·05/±1·71kg). Correspondingly, segmental LM had poorer agreement than total body LM. All anthropometrics except for the waist-to-hip ratio showed strong correlations (r=0·76-0·95) with abdominal and total body fat. Segmental multifrequency bioimpedance analysis is precise enough for total-LM analysis and had also sufficient trueness for total body composition analysis to be used in epidemiological purposes. There is need to generate scientifically and clinically relevant criteria and reference values for excess body fat.

Growth and metabolic outcome in adolescents born preterm (GROWMORE): follow-up protocol for the Newcastle preterm birth growth study (PTBGS)

BackgroundPreterm infants represent up to 10% of births worldwide and have an increased risk of adverse metabolic outcomes in later life. Early life exposures are key factors in determining later health but current lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity are also extremely important and provide an opportunity for targeted intervention.Methods/DesignThis current study, GROWMORE, is the fourth phase of the Newcastle Preterm Birth Growth Study (PTBGS), which was formed from two randomised controlled trials of nutrition in early life in preterm (24–34 weeks gestation) and low birthweight infants. 247 infants were recruited prior to hospital discharge. Infant follow-up included detailed measures of growth, nutritional intake, morbidities and body composition (Dual X Ray Absorptiometry, DXA) along with demographic data until 2 years corrected age. Developmental assessment was performed at 18 months corrected age, and cognitive assessment at 9–10 years of age. Growth, body composition (DXA), blood pressure and metabolic function (insulin resistance and lipid profile) were assessed at 9–13 years of age, and samples obtained for epigenetic analysis. In GROWMORE, we will follow up a representative cohort using established techniques and novel metabolic biomarkers and correlate these with current lifestyle factors including physical activity and dietary intake. We will assess auxology, body composition (BODPOD™), insulin resistance, daily activity levels using Actigraph™ software and use 31P and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess mitochondrial function and intra-hepatic lipid content.DiscussionThe Newcastle PTBGS is a unique cohort of children born preterm in the late 1990’s. The major strengths are the high level of detail of early nutritional and growth exposures, and the comprehensive assessment over time. This study aims to examine the associations between early life exposures in preterm infants and metabolic outcomes in adolescence, which represents an area of major translational importance.

Effect of four additional physical education lessons on body composition in children aged 8–13 years – a prospective study during two school years

BackgroundStrategies for combating increasing childhood obesity is called for. School settings have been pointed out as potentially effective settings for prevention. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of four additional Physical Education (PE) lessons/week in primary schools on body composition and weight status in children aged 8–13.MethodsChildren attending 2nd to 4th grade (n = 632) in 10 public schools, 6 intervention and 4 control schools, participated in this longitudinal study during 2 school years. Outcome measures: Primary: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Total Body Fat percentage (TBF%) derived from Dual Energy X ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary: the moderating effect of overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and adiposity based on TBF% cut offs for gender.ResultsIntervention effect on BMI and TBF% (BMI: β -0.14, 95% CI: -0.33; 0.04, TBF%: β -0.08, 95% CI:-0.65;0.49) was shown insignificant. However, we found significant beneficial intervention effect on prevalence of OW/OB based on BMI (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11;0.72). The intervention effect on adiposity based on TBF% cut offs was borderline significant (OR 0.64, 95% CI:0. 39; 1.05).ConclusionFour additional PE lessons/week at school can significantly improve the prevalence of OW/OB in primary schoolchildren. Mean BMI and TBF% improved in intervention schools, but the difference with controls was not significant. The intervention had a larger effect in children who were OW/OB or adipose at baseline.

Microstructural differences between osteoporotic and osteoarthritic femoral cancellous bone: an in vitro magnetic resonance micro-imaging investigation

Recently has been highlighted that topological properties of trabecular microstructure and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue are important factors in determining bone strength and its resistance to fracture. Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques allow investigation of both trabecular networks and bone marrow providing precious information on the physiological and functional changes associated with osteoporosis. The aim of the present work was to show the ability of MR micro-imaging investigation to describe cancellous bone status as related to its trabecular bone density and quality. For this purpose we measured in vitro, at high magnetic field (9.4T), the MR parameter [Formula: see text] of cancellous bone samples extracted from femoral head of osteoporotic and osteoarthritic women as classified by dual energy X ray absorptiometry bone mineral density. We assessed T₂(APP) associations with T-scores, Harris Hip score and age. Results show that T₂(APP) is able to discriminate between osteoarthritic and osteoporotic bone samples. Moreover, the micro-imaging T₂(APP) investigation has highlighted a different trabecular bone density in cancellous bone specimens of osteoarthritic patients only, which is higher in subchondral compared to metaphysis section of each sample.

Effect of exercise training and dopamine agonists in patients with uremic restless legs syndrome: a six-month randomized, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative study

BackgroundRestless Legs Syndrome is very common in hemodialysis patients however there are no comparative studies assessing the effectiveness of a non-pharmacological treatment to a classical treatment on parameters related to syndromes’ severity and quality of life.MethodsIn this randomized, partially double blind, placebo controlled trial, thirty two hemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome were randomly assigned into three groups: 1) the exercise training group (N = 16), 2) the dopamine agonists group (ropinirole 0.25 mg/d) (N = 8) and 3) the placebo group (N = 8). The intervention programs lasted 6 months. Restless Legs Syndrome severity was assessed using the international severity scale, physical performance by a battery of tests, muscle size and composition by computed tomography, body composition by Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry, while depression score, sleep quality, daily sleepiness and quality of life were assessed through questionnaires.ResultsExercise training and dopamine agonists were effective in reducing syndrome’s symptoms by 46% (P = 0.009) and 54% (P = 0.001) respectively. Within group changes revealed that both approaches significantly improved quality of life (P < 0.05), however, only the dopamine agonists significantly improved sleep quality (P = 0.009). Within group changes showed a tendency for lean body mass improvements with dopamine agonists, this reached statistical significance only with the exercise training (P = 0.014), which also reduced fat infiltration in muscles (P = 0.044) and improved physical performance (P > 0.05) in various tests. Between group changes detect significant improvements with both exercise and dopamine agonists in depression score (P = 0.003), while only the dopamine agonist treatment was able to significantly improve sleep quality, compared to exercise and placebo (P = 0.016).ConclusionsA 6-month exercise training regime was as effective as a 6-month low dosage dopamine agonist treatment in reducing restless legs syndrome symptoms and improving depression score in uremic patients. Further research is needed in order to show whether a combination treatment could be more beneficial for the amelioration of RLS.Trial registrationNCT00942253

Relationships between total and regional adiposity and epicardial fat in obese women: how can dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry be associated with echocardiographic epicardial fat measurements?

Obesity is an increasingly prevalent metabolic disorder and it is associated with a large number of comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ and its ectopic depots and distribution have different metabolic meanings on risks for health; as a matter of fact, epicardial fat seems to play a specific role in cardiovascular diseases. The use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate and follow-up patients affected by obesity is becoming a very important point in the management of the disease. An investigation of the association between epicardial fat and regional adiposity by DXA in female obese patients. The total amount of central (trunk) fat mass is more strongly correlated than android visceral fat mass to epicardial thickness in obese women. In the interpretation of whole-body DXA data, physician should consider trunk fat mass for good and independent predictivity on epicardial fat depots. Our aim was to analyse in a population of obese women the relationship between the amount of epicardial fat as measured by transthoracic echocardiography (US) and the parameters of regional adiposity by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with particular reference to a new software for visceral fat assessment and to a new 'heart-suited' regions of interests (ROIs). Sixty patients who satisfied technical inclusion criteria underwent whole-body DXA scan and US on the same day. Total and android fat mass (FM) and FM percentage (FM%) were considered as well as visceral fat (VAT) subcompartment in the android region; moreover, six new ROIs were designed on whole-body DXA images for the investigation of adiposity parameters at heart level. US provided epicardial fat thickness (EPI-thickness) and area (EPI-area), as measured following previously validated methods. Body mass index (BMI), gynoid and lower limbs (FM and FM%) were found not statistically correlated with EPI-thickness. The highest correlation was achieved by trunk FM (and FM%, with r = 0.544 and 0.480 respectively, P < 0.001), followed by ROI-1 FM (ROI-1 was drawn following thoroughly the cardiac profile), and android FM. Multivariate analysis including age, weight, BMI, trunk FM and the new ROIs (added one by one), retained in the final model trunk FM. Correlations of DXA with EPI-area were superimposable. In obese women, VAT or other new-designed ROIs are not better correlated than traditional ROIs (i.e. trunk) with epicardial fat amount.

Chronic risperidone exposure does not show any evidence of bone mass deterioration in animal model of schizophrenia

It has been shown that bone mass is centrally regulated. Thus schizophrenia being a disease of the central nervous system is an interesting model for studying bone. Most second generation antipsychotic drugs including risperidone are used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Weight gain and metabolic disturbances are common side effects. The aims of this study were to investigate bone mass, body composition and light microscopic pathology examinations of femur in an animal model of schizophrenia (pharmacologically induced by postnatally administered phencyclidine-PCP) and to further examine the effects of chronic treatment with risperidone on these parameters in rats. Four groups of male rats were studied:1) control group-NaCl postnatally administered, n=9; 2) PCP group-postnatal PCP administration to rat pups (on day 2,6,9 and 12), n=6; 3) risperidone group-rats treated with risperidone alone for 9weeks from day 35 (NaCl-RSP group, n=7); 4) PCP rats treated with risperidone for 9weeks from day 35 (PCP-RSP group, n=7). Bone mass and body composition were measured in vivo by dual X ray absorptiometry (areal DXA and fat mass). Light microscopic analysis of the femoral metaphysis was performed in all groups after sacrificing the animals. Postnatal phencyclidine (PCP) administration to rat pups caused a long lasting reduction of total bone mass versus control animals (aDXA 128±2mg/cm(2) vs 139±5mg/cm(2), p<0.05). Examination of the femoral bone revealed a decrease in the number and thickness of the metaphyseal trabecule and cortical thinning. There was a decrease in total and retroperitoneal fat. Nine weeks of administration of risperidone alone to rats, resulted in significant weight gain and had no effect on bone mass versus control animals (aDXA was 136±7mg/cm(2) vs 139±5mg/cm(2), p>0.05). Furthermore, there were no changes in the light microscopic analysis of femoral metaphysis in comparison with controls. When PCP rats were treated with risperidone, they did not change their body weight nor bone mass versus PCP alone (aDXA 126±2mg/cm(2) vs 128±2mg/cm(2), p>0.05) but intriguingly on examination of the femoral bone an increase in the number and thickness of the metaphyseal trabecule was found (trabecular thickness 0.6±0.1μm vs 0.35±0.1μm, p<0.01). This study shows that in the PCP rat model of schizophrenia bone mass is reduced. When PCP rats were treated with risperidone bone mass remained unchanged but intriguingly and unexpectedly light microscopic examination of femoral metaphysis showed an increase in thickness of metaphyseal trabeculae. The mechanism of risperidone's action on bone remains to be clarified.

SAT0083 Abdominal Aortic Calcifications are Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases and Vertebral Fractures in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

BackgroundCardiovascular disease and osteoporosis are two major causes of morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a validated tool for...

AB0366 Bone mineral density and frequency of osteoporosis in non menopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and chronic inflammatory disease that has been associated with disability and several extra-articular complications such us generalised osteoporosis.ObjectivesTo quantify the bone mineral density (BMD)...

FRI0111 Body mass index (BMI) is not a surrogate of rheumatoid cachexia

BackgroundRheumatoid cachexia (RC) is a metabolic abnormality defined by a low fat-free mass with a normal or high fat mass in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). It is predictor of...