Abstract
Introduction: The estrogen defi ciency after menopause leads to accelerated loss of bone mass. The aim of this study was to examine influence of physical activity on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women who hadn’t a deficit of estrogen in their menstrual history.Methods: This prospective study included 100 postmenopausal women, ages between 50 and 65, living in Sarajevo area without estrogen deficiency in menstrual history. The women in the examination group had osteoporosis. The women in the control group had osteopenia or normal mineral bone density. Mineral bone density was measured at the lumbar spine and proximal femur by Dual–Energy X–ray Absorptiometry using Hologic QDR-4000 scanner. To assess level of physical activity an International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long Form was used.Results: In the examination group of women who had no history of menstrual estrogen deficit, level of physical activity was low in 52.00% female, and in 48.00% women level of physical activity was moderate. In the control group of women who had no history of menstrual estrogen defi cit in 10.00% female level of physical activity was low, and in 90.00% female level of physical activity was moderate. The difference in levels of physical activity between the two groups was statistically significant, X2 test = 20.6, p <0.005.Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that moderate physical activity has positive impact on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women without estrogen defi ciency in menstrual history and has the potential to reduce rapid bone loss after menopause.
Highlights
The estrogen deficiency after menopause leads to accelerated loss of bone mass
Sex hormones are crucial for keeping bone mass in balance, and the lack of either estrogen or testosterone leads to decreased bone mass and increased risk for osteoporosis [2]
Estrogen is known to have a variety of effects on the proliferation and synthesis of enzymes and bone matrix proteins by osteoblast – like cells through a process mediated by complex biomolecular biologic signals and mechanisms [7]
Summary
The estrogen deficiency after menopause leads to accelerated loss of bone mass. UNIVERSITY OF SARAJEVO FACULTY OF HEALTH STUDIES Both estrogen and androgens inhibit bone resorption via effects on the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand RANKL/RANK/osteoprotegerin system, as well as by reducing the production of a number of pro-resorptive cytokines, along with direct effects on osteoclast activity and lifespan [5]. Estrogens and androgens exert effects on the lifespan of mature bone cells: pro-apoptotic effects on osteoclasts but anti-apoptotic effects on osteoblasts and osteocytes [6]. Estrogen is known to have a variety of effects on the proliferation and synthesis of enzymes and bone matrix proteins by osteoblast – like cells through a process mediated by complex biomolecular biologic signals and mechanisms [7]
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