Supply Ratio Research Articles

Snacking behaviour and nutrients intake among 11-16 years-old students from two different boarding system schools

This study's main objective was to investigate the difference between snacking behaviors and dietary nutrient intake in boarding system students. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Beijing's closed and semi closed boarding management school. The snack consumption questionnaire collected snack consumption behaviors; three-day recall periods for food consumption data were collected through the canteen weighing method and 24-h dietary recall of students' intakes. For closed and semi closed boarding management schools, the percentage of never having snacking behaviors was 12.95% and 2.69% on weekdays and 2.16% and 4.19% on weekends. A higher proportion of respondents chose unhealthy snacks in closed boarding management schools. The main problems in closed boarding management schools were the excessively low percentage of energy from carbohydrates and the excessively high percentage of energy from fat. Both deficiency and excess energy supply ratios of protein, carbohydrate, and fat were present in semi-closed boarding management schools. There was a high risk of calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, and selenium deficiency for most students in both management schools. The closed-school girls had the highest risk of suffering from iron deficiency. Vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, and vitamin E deficiencies were severe in both schools, especially vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin B2 deficiencies in semi-closed boarding management schoolboys. Effective nutritional interventions should be taken to improve the nutritional status of both boarding management and school students.

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply levels and ratios on soil microbial diversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in a coastal nontidal wetland

Human activities have changed the levels and ratios of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in wetland ecosystems. However, the effects of N and P levels and ratios on wetland soil microbial community and ecosystem multifunctionality remain unclear, especially on the relationships between soil microbial diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. In this study, the effects of a 7-year experimental nutrient addition on the soil microbial community and ecosystem multifunctionality (12 function variables related to carbon, N, and P cycling) were assessed by combining three N and P supply levels with three N:P supply ratios in a coastal nontidal wetland ecosystem. According to the obtained results, the N and P supply levels significantly affected soil bacterial community composition, as well as ecosystem multifunctionality, while no significant effects of N:P supply ratios were observed. Although N and P supply levels did not significantly affect bacterial and fungal diversity, they both changed the complexity of bacterial and fungal networks. Soil ecosystem multifunctionality was significantly and positively correlated with bacterial diversity rather than fungal diversity. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between bacterial diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality showed an increasing-decreasing trend with increasing N and P supply levels and an increasing trend with increasing N:P supply ratios. However, the correlation coefficient between bacterial diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality was not significantly correlated with bacterial network complexity. The current study provides new insights into the impacts of N and P levels and ratios on soil microbial community and ecosystem multifunctionality in a coastal nontidal wetland. In particular, the present study highlighted that changes in N and P supply levels and ratios lead to changes in the relationship between soil bacterial diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality, which should be considered in related studies to accurately predict the responses of ecosystem multifunctionality to N and P inputs in coastal nontidal wetlands.

Threshold effect of financial stability on monetary policy in West Africa

This article aims to highlight the nonlinearity of the reaction function of the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) through financial stability. Using the smooth threshold autoregressive (STAR) model on aggregate data for the period 1970–2020, the study reveals that the dynamics of the BCEAO monetary policy are conditioned on financial stability, especially when using the money supply ratio as an indicator of financial stability. Thus, the BCEAO reacts to a financial instability risk when the volatility of the latter exceeds a threshold. In particular, the BCEAO adopts a restrictive monetary policy by raising its interest rate when the deviation of the financial stability index is greater than the estimated threshold. These results indicate that the BCEAO should take into account the cyclical component of the money supply ratio in conducting monetary policy. This strategy could prevent financial instability risks.

A three-step optimization-based algorithm for home healthcare delivery

This paper examines the problem of providing healthcare services to patients who reside at various aging, rehabilitation and treatment facilities or who are home bound, and who may require multiple visits per week. To meet this goal, a 3-step algorithm is developed that efficiently constructs weekly schedules for individual providers working through an agency. The objective is to balance a set of metrics that include travel distance, productivity points, daily workload, equity, overtime and the need to accommodate breaks. Additional factors include patient time windows, continuity of care, and nurse skill qualifications, all of which are treated as soft constraints. In Step 1 of the algorithm, we divide locations of requested visits into distinct clusters and assign each visit to a provider. Both k-means clustering and a mixed-integer linear programming model are applied iteratively until no local improvement is possible. In Step 2, a modified traveling salesman problem is formulated and solved for each nurse each day to find optimal schedules and routes. In Step 3, a local search heuristic based on swapping and gap adjustments is developed to improve the solution obtained in Step 2 and to add a lunch break to each schedule. The procedure is tested on instances with up to 20 nurses and 440 requested visits per week with data provided by a national home healthcare agency, and comparisons are drawn with the actual schedules used over several months. Statistical tests verify that the proposed approach offers significantly better schedules for both nurses and patients. We conclude with a sensitivity analysis of the demand–supply ratio to determine its effect on solution quality.

Robustness assessments of urban rail transit networks based on user equilibrium with time compensation mechanism

Urban rail transit has become an important mode of urban public transportation and has been paid more attention in the past two decades due to the advantages of low pollution and high efficiency. However, traffic incidents frequently occur in urban rail transit, therefore the robustness must be investigated to improve operation safety. In this paper, the user equilibrium with time compensation mechanism is adopted to study the robustness of urban rail transit networks (URTNs) subjected to failures, and Shanghai metro network is considered as an example to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Meanwhile, the average travel time, the average link-flow and the demand–supply ratio are used to assess the characteristic changes of URTNs subjected to three attack modes. Moreover, the critical nodes and links can be discovered based on the proposed model, and the attacks to these critical nodes and links can greatly decrease the robustness of URTNs. The simulation results show that URTNs have better robustness when suffering the node attack and the link-demand attack and possess worse robustness when suffering the overall-demand attack, and we find that the uneven distribution of passenger flow results in the low network utilization.

Inconsistent stoichiometry and growth responses of two coexisting dominant species to various N and P supplies in a supratidal wetland of the Yellow River Delta

The availability and stoichiometry ratio of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) play vital roles in plant trophic dynamics and primary production. However, the responses of these plant traits to varying N and P supplies remain largely unclear for supratidal wetland herbs. Here, we conducted a 4-year field manipulation experiment in a supratidal wetland in the Yellow River Delta. The changes in aboveground biomass, leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratios of two dominant herbs (Suaeda glauca and Phragmites australis) were examined at 3 overall nutrient supply levels (low, medium and high) combined with 3 N:P supply ratios (5:1, 15:1 and 45:1). The results showed that the leaf trophic dynamics of the two dominant species rely on the overall supply level as well as on the N:P supply ratio, while the aboveground biomass of both species was only significantly influenced by the overall supply level. With the increase in supply level, S. glauca gained an advantage over P. australis in aboveground biomass competition. The leaf N and P concentrations of both species raised with the respective increasing nutrient inputs, and N:P improved with the increasing supply ratio. The leaf stoichiometry of S. glauca was more strongly influenced by the various N and P supplies than that of P. australis. Specifically, the gap of nutrient contents between the two species widened as nutrient availability improved, with the dominance of S. glauca increasing while that of P. australis decreasing. This species-specific response may explain the altered aboveground biomass of the two species. Our findings suggested that changing the N and P supply can potentially influence primary productivity by changing leaf nutrient status, indirectly affecting the shifts in plant dominance and community composition in supratidal wetland ecosystems.

Benchmarking of Irrigation Performance in Karataş and Karaçal Irrigation Associations

This study was carried out to evaluate the system performances of Karataş and Karaçal irrigation associations located in Burdur province. Karataş irrigation association was put into operation in 1982 and Karaçal irrigation association in 2015 with irrigation areas are 5476 and 4975 ha, respectively. The same public personnel were appointed to both irrigation associations as the Head of the Association in 2018, and as of 2019, both irrigation Associations were gathered under the management of Karataş irrigation association. In this study, the performances of Karataş irrigation, which has an old and predominantly open canal system, and Karaçal irrigation systems, which are relatively new and have a pressurized irrigation system, between the years 2015-2019 have been evaluated. In the performance evaluation, a set of indicators under two main headings as water use efficiency, and financial efficiency recommended by the International Technology and Research Program in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID) was used. According to the results of the research, when the water use efficiency is examined, especially Annual relative irrigation supply (0.53-0.73 for Karataş; 0.47-0.96 for Karaçal) and irrigation ratio (20-72% for Karataş; 36% for Karaçal) 55) values were not at the desired levels. In terms of Financial Efficiency, cost recovery ratio (119-401% for Karataş; 144-311 for Karaçal) and revenue collection performance (78-442% for Karataş; 10-130 for Karaçal) were found to be high. Although this is a new irrigation, Karaçal irrigation shows that relatively high maintenance costs are incurred. Total operating maintenance and management (MOM) cost per unit area is US$ 9.60-14.98/ha for Karataş and as 1.32-22.92 US$/ha for Karaçal. These values showed that, in general, both irrigations have sufficient financial strength.

Supply-demand analysis of ecosystem services based on socioeconomic and climate scenarios in North China

The demand and supply of ecosystem services (ESs) play a crucial role in the sustainable development of regional nature-society systems. With complex climate change and multiple pathways of social development, there is an urgent need for predictive research on how to combine both social and natural factors to determine the comparatively optimal regional development pathway. Based on the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs)–representative concentration pathways (RCPs) framework and the pattern-process-service-management research paradigm, this study analyzed the various trends of regional landscape patterns for 2030–2050 and predicted the state of ecosystem services supply and demand (ESSD) in 2030 under multiple scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions. The results show that: 1) area of cropland will decrease in multiple future scenarios. There is a smaller landscape variation and an upward trend of urban area in the SSP5-8.5 scenario. The transfer types among different landscapes will be concentrated between forest and grassland under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5. 2) The average provisioning capacity of ES will increase in the future, with a spatial pattern of high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Habitat quality has the least interdistrict variation in service distribution, while the recreation service exhibits the opposite trend. 3) The average comprehensive ecological supply and demand ratio (CESDR) is higher in Beijing city than in Hebei Province and Tianjin city. The primary imbalance services are water yield, soil retention, and habitat quality in Beijing city, Hebei Province, and Tianjin city, respectively. Moreover, the SSP5-8.5 scenario has the highest number of ES deficit regions. 4)The ESSD state of each ES had an inverse relationship with the local economic level in 2020, in which water yield had the highest negative correlation degree (-0.191) and soil retention had the lowest (-0.041). In addition, the relationship between gross domestic product and CESDR will change from negative to positive along with different future scenarios (SSP1-2.6: −0.05, SSP2-4.5: 0.05, SSP5-8.5: 0.12). The study provides useful implications for policy-makers to coordinate regional resources and implement sustainable development by integrating both ecological and economic aspects.

Peer-to-peer energy trading and smart contracting platform of community-based virtual power plant

Traditional centralized transactions require a control center for user demand matching, settlement and other processes. However, with the increase in the penetration rate of distributed energy in the community, the explosive increase in the number of transactions leads to a decrease in efficiency and it is difficult to guarantee user privacy and information security. The smart contract technology based on blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, traceability and tamper resistance, and these key factors show unique advantages in distributed energy transactions. This paper explores Ethereum and smart contract technology, designs a peer-to-peer energy sharing mechanism with reward and punishment incentives and establishes a smart contract trading platform for smart community-based virtual power plant (CVPP). This paper verifies the functionality and effectiveness of smart contract. The results show that when the supply and demand ratio changes, the user can conduct energy transactions according to the contract without a third-party organization, which solves the problem of trust between the two parties and achieves the expected effect and runs successfully. In addition, the simulation results show that the peer-to-peer transaction based on smart contracts reduces the energy cost per household and increases the total benefit of CVPP.

Evaluating the Food Profile in Qatar within the Energy-Water-Food Nexus Approach.

Finding a balance between the capacity for production and the rising demand for food is the first step toward achieving food security. To achieve sustainable development on a national scale, decision-makers must use an energy, water, and food nexus approach that considers the relationships and interactions among these three resources as well as the synergies and trade-offs that result from the way they are handled. Therefore, this paper evaluates the Energy-Water-Food Nexus Profile of Qatar at a superstructural level by applying the Business-As-Usual (BAU) storyline; thus, trends of past data have been used to provide future projections to 2050 using the statistical prediction tools such as the compound annual growth rates of food demand (CAGRFD), international supply (CAGRFI), and the average local food supply change factor (c¯). Once the BAU storyline has been generated, the source-to-demand correlations have been defined for each food category. Such correlations include the annual and average ratios of the local food supply to the total demand (i.e., αi and α¯) and the ratios of the local food supply to the international supply (i.e., βi and β¯). In addition, as an effort to identify the required action to reach food self-sustainability, the additional local food supply to achieve (xi,add) and its ratio to the local demand (γ) have been defined. The highest average ratio of the local food supply to the total demand (αi) was found for the meat category, which was estimated to be 48.3%. Finally, to evaluate the feasibility of attaining food self-sustainability in Qatar, the water consumption (Vw,i) and its corresponding required energy for each food category have been estimated.

Методологические подходы к анализу рынка труда Российской Федерации на современном этапе

Two methodological approaches to the analysis of the supply and demand ratio in the labour market are considered: index approach to the analysis of the supply and demand ratio in the labour market and methodological approach to the supply and demand ratio of the labour market based on the definition of labor market capacity.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНКЛЮЗІЇ НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to consideration of organizational principles of realization of social inclusion. The purpose of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the implementation of social inclusion in the labor market of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is due to the constant transformation of the modern labor market in Ukraine, which is due to the needs of consumers, foreign economic ties, intellectualization of production, the ratio of supply and demand, the quality of the personnel of enterprises, institutions and organizations, etc. These factors affect the change in industrial relations, the range of subjects of which is constantly changing. Accordingly, there is a mutual reorientation of the needs of consumers of the labor market and offers of commodity producers and service providers. The features of the implementation of social inclusion were determined by studying the scientific literature and analyzing the legal acts that made it possible to generalize on the specified problem. In the course of scientific research, it is determined that the state regulatory documents of Ukraine are based on international regulatory legal acts and establish requirements and principles relating to the functioning of state structures and relations on social inclusion, regulate and establish the equality of rights and opportunities of all citizens. In addition, the availability of the necessary logistics and the creation of unhindered and safe working conditions serve as determining factors in the labor choice in the labor market. Potential employers should focus on ensuring barrier-free for their employees or consumers of the services offered, as this affects labor productivity, economic results of enterprises. It is proved that social inclusion excludes any discrimination on health grounds and implies a tolerant attitude towards all people who have special needs. The materials of the article have scientific value for scientists, applicants for education and specialists who focus on inclusive processes in society.

Parametric Study and Long-term Prediction of the Production of a Solar Water Heaters Installation

In order to increase the contribution of solar thermal energy in moderately exposed locations, it is necessary to study solar installations and optimise their design. A parametric analysis was carried out on a solar installation in a European climate, consisting of 16 water-in-glass evacuated tube collectors connected to their storage unit. The purpose of the installation is to prepare large quantities of hot water at 85°C twice a day to prepare feed for a calf rearing farm. The arrangement of half of the collectors in series and half in parallel makes this solar installation suitable for this application. The orientation and the inclination were studied for four different European cities to determine their effects on the energy supplied. The results show that location and orientation have a great impact, especially in the cities with higher solar irradiance. Having solar water heaters facing south with a 45° tilt angle allow the solar installation to maximise its production for three locations. Studying the ratio of the energy supply to the energy demand is an interesting way to show the performance of the solar installation. The developed dynamic numerical model will help design the solar energy production in challenging weather conditions where the reduction of fossil energy consumption can be optimised.

Establishment of additional norms for irrigation water

Due to the scarcity of water resources, there is a need for an additional source of irrigation. Drainage waters can serve as such sources. To use these waters, it is necessary to develop a number of measures. The aim of the study is to reduce the negative consequences by increasing the norms of preventive irrigation. It is vital to fulfilling the tasks set: calculation of additional water supply rates and irrigation regime when designing the use of drainage water for irrigation. As a result of field studies and according to the methodology of classifications developed by the Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI) analysis of the suitability for irrigation of pumped water from vertical drainage wells in the areas of the Fergana region. Studies conducted by scientists in Central Asia have shown that one of the methods to prevent soil salinization in the intra-contour use of collector-drainage water is the requirements with the following conditions: the ratio of total water supply to total evaporation and the ratio of drainage flow to the water supply. Taking into account the established coefficient, the irrigation rate must be increased depending on the mineralization of water and the mechanical composition of the soil.

FORMATION OF COSTS AND INCOME IN THE CONTEXT RESOURCE PROVISION OF HUNTING ECONOMY

The article examines the conditions for the formation of expenses and income with an emphasis on the re-source provision of hunting farms. The essence of the economic activity of hunting farms in modern wartime conditions is substantiated. The value concept of costs and revenues was studied. The methodology of system analysis has been coordinated with the cost-income approach, which reveals the methodical concept of resource circulation in the pro-duction cycle of hunting farms, taking into account the specifics of their activity. The value-resource component of the production cycle forms a derivative variable of added value that is able to cover the costs of hunting farms. It is sub-stantiated that individual elements of the means of production have the optimal ability to undergo normalization, with the removal of a constant part of costs that have a fixed value of resources for a certain period of time. The algorithm for calculating the total value of the resource portfolio of hunting farms is presented. It has been proven that in order to estimate costs and determine the expediency of their formation for the reproduction of hunting grounds, it is necessary to use generally accepted approaches to determining the economic value of the natural component of the resource port-folio of hunting farms, the use of which will allow obtaining their objective amount: rent; opportunity cost; total eco-nomic value. The value of a certain ecological and economic good includes the market value and additional benefit of the owner (consumer) of hunting grounds, using methods of systematic analysis. The economic assessment of the cost dominance of the resource portfolio and the income stimulators of the reproduction of the resource portfolio of hunting farms, under the natural component, is based on the value concept, such as "willingness to pay". With the market as-sessment of the cost dominance of the resource portfolio and revenue stimulators for the reproduction of hunting grounds, the price is formed based on the natural component (the ratio of market demand and supply), without taking into account the external costs of society.

Methodological aspects of assessment the level of industry markets concentration

The theoretical and methodological aspects of the assessment of industrial markets concentration level have been investigated. Features of identification of industrial markets and establishment of product, geographical and time boundaries have been considered. It has been concluded that it’s appropriate to determine the product boundaries of the industrial market based on the characteristics of the product, which the consumer perceives as useful properties for satisfaction of his personal needs. It is recommended to implement the methods that allow you to evaluate the degree of goods interchangeability for the consumer (cross elasticity of demand, the small but significant non-transitory increase in price test (the SSNIP test), and correlation of prices of goods over time) and the possibility of interchangeability on the supply side. Geographical boundaries of the industrial market are usually established on the basis of the minimum territory within which the consumer can easily satisfy his demand for a certain product in normal conditions. Time limits of the market cover the period during which the structure of the market, the ratio of demand and supply on it does not change significantly. It has been noted that the analysis of the industrial market with the help of concentration indicators makes it possible to assess the strength of competition and the monopolization level. It also has been mentioned about the impact of the industrial market structure on the concentration level which depends on the number of operating enterprises and their size. It has been emphasized that the very sales volumes are taken into account in the investigation of the industrial market structure but not the amount of goods production as it is done during the industry analysis. It has been recommended to calculate the following indicators of the industrial market concentration level: concentration ratio, four-firm concentration ratio, Herfindahl-Hirschman index, relative concentration ratio, Hall-Tideman index (Rosenbluth index), etc. The need for calculation the relative and absolute indicators of concentration in the process of industrial markets analysis has been mentioned. It has been found out that some difficulties with access to information on the sales volume of goods by all business entities operating in the industrial market may arise during data collection for the calculation of the mentioned indicators. It has been recommended to calculate several concentration indicators at the same time in order to obtain the most accurate and objective results of the analysis

Analysis of differentiated regional dietary structures of adults aged 18-64 years in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China in 2018

To analyze the status of energy and macronutrient intake among adults aged 18 to 64 years old in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China. A sample of 9481 adults aged 18-64 years from the data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018 was analyzed. Three consecutive days of 24 h recalls combined with the weighing of household seasonings were used to collect information on food intake and condiment intake. Food consumption was converted into energy and various nutrient intakes by the China Food Composition Table. The median daily intakes of energy were 1942.28 kcal and 1951.14 kcal in urban and rural areas, 1796.94 kcal, 1972.89 kcal, 1989.61 kcal and 1908.98 kcal in northwest, southwest, southeast and northern regions, respectively. The energy supply ratio of protein and fat were 13.61% and 35.85%, respectively, higher than 12.31% and 34.45% in rural areas, while the energy supply ratio of carbohydrates in urban(49.62%) was lower than that in rural areas(52.18%). The energy supply ratios of fat in the southwest and southeast regions were 38.90% and 36.80%, respectively, while the energy supply ratios of carbohydrates were 47.70% and 47.93%. The main food sources of energy, protein, and fat are different in different regions. The percentage of energy, protein, and fat from animal foods decreased with increasing age groups. The adults with low-income levels had a high intake of carbohydrates but a low intake of protein, and the adults with high-income levels had high proportions of energy, protein and fat from animal food sources. The total energy intakes of residents in different regions are relatively ideal, but the dietary structures are still unreasonable, and the energy supply ratios of fat are relatively high, especially in the southwest and southeast regions. The intake and food sources of the three macronutrients are varied in different regions and urban and rural areas. Age and income level affect the food choices of residents.

EFEITOS DO TREINAMENTO FíSICO SOBRE A VELOCIDADE DOS CICLISTAS

ABSTRACT Introduction Cycling is a competitive sport and has high demands on the athletes themselves, such as versatile use of skills, physical fitness, and explosiveness. Objective Increase the specific speed endurance of athletes. Methods Fourteen prominent male short-distance cyclists were divided into a group of constant cyclists (CG group, n=7) and a group of decreasing cyclists (DG group, n=7) and subjected to a physical training protocol. Results Peak activity and average endurance improved in both groups of athletes; rest periods improved significantly compared to the previous ones, and deceleration decreased by 12.2% and 14.6% in the CG and DG groups, respectively, immediately after the end of the rest period. Latency decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with the program with the same number of rides, the training load in the stage-based pilot program with the decreasing number of rides was higher, and the training effect was more significant in the improvement of peak power, 1 km total power maintenance capacity, and anaerobic threshold. The energy supply ratio of aerobic metabolism during exercise at the above intensity was also improved. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Implementation of Competency Based Education through Blended Learning approach in TVET sector of Pakistan: Critical Analysis using Literature Review

The teaching and learning process (TLP) has been reshaped in a timely manner as per need, for better understanding. Technical and Vocational Education & Training is one of the main sectors, delivering education and training simultaneously for the socio-economic development of every nation. The sector has been facing different types of challenges in different contexts. Competency Based Training and Assessment is one of the major domains, to maintain the demand and supply ratio of the market to cover the need. The normal delivery of TLP is interrupted when COVID – 19 pandemic situation occurs. To ensure the delivery of TLP in the situation blended approach was introduced to carry on the process without any disturbance, whereas the underdeveloped countries suffered from the pandemic, due to multiple issues. This research article covers the different scenario, and find out the gaps in the proposed conceptual framework that the disbalancing of developed and underdeveloped countries would be maintained. After finding, recommendations were also made that there is an acute need for online, offline, and face-to-face approaches for teaching and learning along with the transformation of Competency-Based Education (CBE) in the TVET sector of Pakistan to live, with sustainability and also for socio-economic development.

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF APPLIED BACHELOR'S DEGREE: MODERN LABOR MARKET REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL TRAINING

Currently, in the context of education modernization in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the problem of developing educational programs for applied bachelor's degree is becoming very urgent. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the article discusses the need for their implementation and successful functioning in the Republic of Kazakhstan. When analyzing the demand, it is necessary to take into account that the object of this analysis is the approximate ratio of supply and demand in the regional and republican labor markets for a particular specialty or profession, in which training is or will be conducted in a TVE organization. The analysis of sociological studies of international and domestic labor market shows which specialties and professions are most in demand. They are associated with the following areas of activity: nanotechnology, high-tech engineering, biotechnology, sales and marketing, IT technology, services, logistics and transport, medicine, chemical industry, “clean” energy and environment. Training in OPPB is carried out in the areas that combine groups of related professions, specialties and skill levels. The most in-demand areas are: business and management, metallurgy and metalworking, electrical engineering, construction, woodworking, textiles and clothing production, chemistry, physics and biology, printing, interior design, health and hygiene, food processing, agriculture, ecology and environmental protection environment, etc.