Rational Scheme Research Articles

THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF ROLLING RAIL PROFILE IN THE UNIVERSAL CALIBER. REPORT 2

Abstract. Set earlier variational problem of rolling rails in the universal passes was implemented and solved in the MathCAD. Numerical implementation allowed determining the principles of metal forming in the maintenance of uniform deformation (the same reduction ratio) on all elements of the rail profi le. The dependences of the coeffi cients of side compression of head fl anges and base of a rail were determined, and of the coeffi cients of the increment and pulling-down of fl anges on the geometric parameters of the deformation zone and the friction conditions. These principles are described by engineering formulas to calculate indicated coeffi cients and they are the basis for scientifi cally based method of calculating rational scheme of reduction schedule and roll pass design for high-quality rails rolling on modern rolling mills.

Development of a model for international cargo delivery process

In the conditions of growing level of competition and transportation volumes, the task of the assessment of demand parameters impact on carriers expenses becomes particular important when choosing the optimal technological schemes. At the same time the random nature of the transportation process and the limitations imposed by existing laws and acts regulating international road transport should be taken into account in the mathematical model. Existing methods of rationalization of cargo delivery process have some disadvantages due to which their use in the conditions of transport enterprises at the contemporary market is inefficient. The majority of existing methods and models for rationalization of the delivery schemes do not consider the probabilistic characteristics of transport process parameters, and that reduces the efficiency of managerial and organizational decisions. The proposed mathematical models allow us to take into account the random nature of the process of international cargo delivery, if the appropriate statistical data on time parameters and speed of the vehicle are available. Proposed approach allows defining the impact of stochastic demand parameters on operating costs of the transport firm and, as a result, – choosing the appropriate rational schemes of transport servicing.

Analyzing Kinematic Schemes of Intermediate Axle Central Reducers of Final Drives

Before developing a central reducer of the drive intermediate axle, it is necessary to choose its kinematic scheme to define the most important truck properties. Examples prove that a type of gearing, kinematic scheme and mutual position of gear or worm wheels of the central reducer has impact on the mass of the intermediate axle, placement of the engine and brake mechanisms, and truck configuration as a whole. They also influence on a possibility to use a long-stroke suspension, provide a differential connection between axles, and a torque transfer to the next axle. The work analyzes various schemes of the intermediate central reducers using one or two pairs of gear or worm wheels. It defines the ways to provide normal operating conditions for the engine drive line of the non-intermediate axle. The paper shows that, in most cases, the two-shaft transfer cases with a coaxial or non-coaxial arrangement of the output shafts, connected in front of or behind a conical or hupoid reducer, allows implementation of intermediate reducers. According to a set of properties, for the trucks equipped with a dependent or independent long-stroke suspension, the most rational is the hub-reduction final drive with helical-bevel and conic central reducers, respectively, in intermediate and non-intermediate axles. To apply double helical-bevel central reducers in intermediate and non-intermediate axles is expedient if it is necessary to ensure unification of crankcase parts of axle, improve protection, and raise a driveshaft durability of the non-intermediate axle drive. The paper presents the most rational schemes for three drive axles to be group-driven. Creating a three-axis group-driven cart is possible to implement by setting one more axle in front of the two-axis cart, with central reducer of this axle having the same scheme, as a reducer in the intermediate axle of the two-axis cart. Thus, in case of differential connection between axles and identical vertical loads towards the axles in the central reducer of the first axle of the tridem drive axles it is necessary to use the asymmetrical inter-axial differential, unlike the central reducer of the second intermediate axle of the same cart where the symmetric inter-axial differential is set.

THE BEHAVIOR PREDICTION OF RAW MATERIAL SYSTEMS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF WHEY BEVERAGES

Abstract: The relevance of researches is due to the need to develop the technology of whey-based beverages with high viscosity. The paper presents the criteria for choosing a method of milk whey processing; a list of existing technologies as classification scheme is included. An alternative ingredient of plant origin - orange fiber Citri-Fi has been proposed to regulate the consistency of the beverage. Due to the special processing it has functional and technological properties - the ability to bind moisture up to 13 mass particles for 1 weight fraction of the fiber. Using mathematical modeling, the optimal conditions of including dietary fiber in the milk whey have been determined in order to predict the behavior of raw material systems in the production of beverages with high viscosity in the technological cycle. Samples of dietary fiber were studied using an ultraviolet microscope with the optical system of fluorescent illuminator. Indices of dynamic viscosity of hydrated whey plant mixtures were determined by Geppler viscometer. The visualization of the transformation of dry Citri-Fi while swelling in whey was shown, allowing you to observe a multiple increase in the volume of tubular fibers. The mechanism of water-retaining process is confirmed by the preservation of the fiber structure and a significant increase in the volume of the fragment of dietary fiber due to the absorption of the whey. The conditions for the preparation and application of orange dietary fiber in the milk whey to obtain beverages with high viscosity were studied. Optimum conditions for preparation and application of whey plant mixture in the bulk of whey are the amount of Citri-Fi - 4–5%, the stirring time - 10–15 min, the swelling temperature - 30–35°C. The rational amount of whey mixture is 10–12.5%, provided that the temperature - 50–60°C, the stirring time - 8–10 min. The rational parameters and technological scheme of whey beverages with high viscosity have been developed.

Justification of methods to open up ore bodies with various combinations of conveyor transport

The article gives a brief description of geology of Oleniy Ruchey deposit and the characteristic of current mining situation at Oleniy Ruchey Mine, Northwestern Phosphorus Company. The limitations of the current scheme used to open up the ore body with ore drawing via vertical blind skip-hoist shaft and conveyor tunnel are discussed. The new-developed rational schemes for opening-up and mining, taking into account stagewise commissioning of the mine, are compared from the viewpoint of economic performance. The authors point out benefits of stagewise opening-up of Oleniy Ruchey ore body by inclined conveyor shafts.

RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF LOGISTICS SYSTEMS, SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS TO THE ENTERPRISES OF EASTERN UKRAINE

Goal. Antiterrorist operation in eastern Ukraine caused considerable damage-relative number of transport infrastructure and making it impossible to use a variety of objects raw materials. In these circumstances, there is the question of ensuring the functioning of enterprises primarily metallurgical complex - process industries, which are both in the area of ATO, and in close proximity to it. The article deals with the issue of raw material enterprises in the city of Mariupol. Methods. Developed alternative supply chains for the supply of raw materials to the company Mariupol. A method for estimating the cost of logistics operations to the movement of cargo supply chain. Through the use of differential coefficient insurance premiums accounted for in monetary terms the potential risk of supply. Results. Preliminary calculations found that the current system of supply raw material is not optimal in terms of the cost of logistics operations, thus the system is running inefficiently. Scientific novelty. The proposed method makes it possible to determine a rational scheme of supply of raw materials in terms of logistics costs. Practical significance. The use of alternative systems of supply of raw materials, selected by the proposed technique will reduce transportation costs, as well as choose the option with minimal risk. In turn, reduce the cost of transportation will reduce production costs and reduce the final cost of production, which will increase its competitiveness

IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING THE DURATION OF THE FORMATION MULTI-GROUP TRAINS

The rational technology selection of trains making up process is very important under present-day conditions of the functioning of railway transport. This is particularly relevant when there is the need to intensify of make up process of the multi-group trains. The solution efficiency of this problem depends essentially on the choice of the optimality criterion. On the base of analysis of scientific papers, the duration of train make up process was adopted as the optimality criterion. The usage of this criterion will significantly improve the operational performance of the station. Studies have shown that the solution of the problem was associated with the need of analysis and comparative assessment of a large number of possible schemes of make up process. In this paper the method of determining the duration of shunting semi-runs of the multi-group trains make up process was given. In consideration of the large amount of computation, the method should provide the minimum calculating time of the duration of the train making up on separate scheme with sufficient accuracy. To implement this method the relationship between the train speed limit and the shunting semi-run duration was previously established. For this purpose, the analysis of speedometer tapes of shunting locomotives was done and the dependence of the speed on train movement distance was found. Studies have shown that this approach on the one hand, provides high-speed selection of the rational scheme of the make up process of multi-group trains and on the other hand ensures the required accuracy of the estimations. With a view to practical implementation of the method of choice of rational variant of the technology of train making up in the dispatching personnel decision support system the developed simulation model should be included into automated workplace of shunting manager.

Rational scheme designs for emission allocation in container shipping

The purpose of emission allocation is to distribute emissions from a transport network level to different cargo levels. This task can be challenging in a complex network with various players, multiple legs, different cargo types, etc. One example is container shipping involving multiple ports, containers with different characteristics, and empty containers for repositioning. In this paper, we propose and evaluate alternative allocation schemes for assigning emissions in container shipping at different cargo aggregation levels, such as sailing legs, individual containers, or specific cargo types as part of a container. A case study illustrates how these schemes can be applied to a real container shipping line. The proposed approach provides insight that shipping companies and their customers can use to improve their environmental performance.

Reasonable Drive Selecting of Parallel Mechanisms Based on Screw Theory

By rigidizing the input joints, all possible combinations of drive selecting for the 4-PPPS parallel mechanism are analyzed based on the screw theory in this paper, and the five of them are proved to be reasonable. Then choosing the one as mechanical actuators, the workspace of the 4-PPPS parallel mechanism is deduced according to the rational input scheme. Finally the rationality of input scheme for this mechanism is identified on the basis of the continuity of the workspace.

Verifiable Rational Secret Sharing Scheme in Mobile Networks

With the development of mobile network, lots of people now have access to mobile phones and the mobile networks give users ubiquitous connectivity. However, smart phones and tablets are poor in computational resources such as memory size, processor speed, and disk capacity. So far, all existing rational secret sharing schemes cannot be suitable for mobile networks. In this paper, we propose a verifiable rational secret sharing scheme in mobile networks. The scheme provides a noninteractively verifiable proof for the correctness of participants’ share and handshake protocol is not necessary; there is no need for certificate generation, propagation, and storage in the scheme, which is more suitable for devices with limited size and processing power; in the scheme, every participant uses her encryption on number of each round as the secret share and the dealer does not have to distribute any secret share; every participant cannot gain more by deviating the protocol, so rational participant has an incentive to abide by the protocol; finally, every participant can obtain the secret fairly (means that either everyone receives the secret, or else no one does) in mobile networks. The scheme is coalition-resilient and the security of our scheme relies on a computational assumption.

Thermal Noise Compliant Synthesis of Linear Lumped Macromodels

This paper addresses the synthesis of equivalent circuits from black box state-space macromodels, as produced by model order reduction or rational curve fitting schemes. The emphasis is here on thermal noise compliance, intended as the guarantee that the produced netlists can be safely used in standard circuit solvers to perform thermal noise analysis, in addition to usual DC, AC, and transient simulations. Due to the fact that SNR is a key figure of merit in nearly all signal processing analog circuits, noise analysis is mandatory in design and verification of most analog and RF/millimeter-wave electronic applications. However, common macromodel synthesis approaches rely on components that do not (and cannot) have an associated thermal noise model, such as controlled sources or negative circuit elements. Therefore, macromodel-based noise analyses are generally not possible with currently available approaches. We propose a circuit realization derived from the classical resistance extraction synthesis, with suitable modifications for enhancing macromodel sparsity and efficiency. The resulting equivalent netlist, which is compatible with any standard circuit solver, is shown to produce exact noise characteristics, even if its elements are derived through a mathematical procedure, totally unrelated to the actual topology of the physical system under modeling. The procedure is validated by several examples.

Clinical features of spinal cord hemangioblastoma complicated by hematomyelia and subarachnoid hemorrhage: Description of a clinical case and review of literature

The paper describes subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and hematomyelia resulting from bleeding from spinal hemangioblastoma. SAH is encountered in spinal pathology extremely rarely and results from bleeding from malformations in most cases. The described case demonstrates that the tumors may also cause spinal SAH even there is no clinical evidence of gradually progressive spinal cord compression in the history. Patients with hemangioblastoma are at the highest risk for clinically relevant massive bleeding in intramedullary tumors. In this case, of special attention is its clinical picture: SAH began with neck and arm pain, rather than headache, which indicates the primarily spinal level of bleeding. Head and arm pains were joined by SAH -typical headache, nausea, and vomiting in only a few minutes, which was associated with retrograde blood flow into the basal cisterns of the brain and the fourth ventricle. Primary MRI of the cervical spine was a more rational diagnostic scheme in this case.

Дисфункции иммунитета при респираторных заболеваниях: нужны ли иммуномодуляторы у часто болеющих детей?

Insufficient control of many infectious diseases using etiotropic drugs determines the relevance of a search for alternative methods, in particular based on the modulation of the immune system. The review of recent literature analyzes rational approaches to the immunity dysfunction in frequently ill children. Attention is drawn to the fact that the use of immunomodulators reduces the frequency and severity of respiratory diseases and prevents complications. The article examines the advantages of the use of inosine pranobex that combines the properties of an immunomodulator and a direct antiviral activity. It is shown that inosine pranobex can be used for the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections in frequently ill children, and the rational schemes of its application are presented.

Studies of Flexible Barriers Under Debris Flow Impact: An Application to an Alpine Basin

The aim of this paper is to analyze the most relevant aspects that influence the interaction between debris flow phenomena and protection barriers. The volume of the debris and its lithological nature are conditioning the barrier size and strength. This system is often complicated by environmental and climate influences that need to be taken into consideration as well; therefore, a correct design of a protection barrier system in an alpine basin is a complex procedure that needs to be rationalized. This paper will concentrate on the barrier dimension design proposing a rational scheme of study of the global problem. The application to an Alpine basin is reported.

New scheme transformations and application to study scheme dependence of an infrared zero of the beta function in gauge theories

We present two new one-parameter families of scheme transformations and apply these to study the scheme dependence of the infrared zero in the beta function of an asymptotically free non-Abelian gauge theory up to four-loop order. Our results provide a further quantitative measure of this scheme dependence, showing that for moderate values of the gauge coupling and the parameter specifying the scheme transformation, this dependence is relatively mild. We also remark on a generalized multi-parameter family of rational scheme transformations.

Разработка рациональных схем освоения лесосырьевых баз на уровне региона

Разработка рациональных схем освоения лесосырьевых баз на уровне региона

Abstract 3746: Anticipating the maximum tolerated dose for combinations based on early toxicity signals

Abstract In theory, the development of combination therapies in Oncology holds the promise of improved short-term response and better disease control. In practice, the added toxicity burden of a second antineoplastic agent can often limit the potential of combination therapies. Many antineoplastic agents, targeted or not, result in severe toxicities in clinical practice, and the paradigm for Oncology drug development still involves dosing to the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD). Thus, proactive identification and management of combination toxicity should help combination therapies achieve their full clinical potential. In this work, we devise a mathematical framework for assessing the toxicity potential for a pair of drugs with a single overlapping toxicity, using neutropenia- a very common adverse event for antineoplastics- as a motivating example. First, we introduce a mathematical framework for modeling combination toxicities, based on a combination index that is a measure of the interaction between two agents (analogous to antitumor activity, the overlapping toxicities for a pair of agents can be synergistic, additive or antagonistic). Next, we demonstrate the application of isobolograms for toxicity, which are a set of lines connecting all equally toxic combinations of the two drugs. When the MTD of a pair of combination therapies is determined by an overlapping toxicity, it can thus be expressed in terms of a minimal toxicity model that uses three components- the concentration/toxicity relationship for each individual therapy and the combination index of the toxicities. We show that the magnitude of the combination index remains unchanged whether the toxicity readout is continuous (such as Absolute Neutrophil Count) or categorical (Grade 1,2, 3, or 4 neutropenia). This result enables us to use the combination index calculated from a lower-grade toxicity (e.g. Grade 1 or Grade 2 neutropenia) to anticipate the MTD. We validate this approach using simulated datasets generated from a previously published model of neutropenia. This validation is further extended using experimental datasets based on preclinical toxicities for combinations of targeted agents. Finally, we demonstrate the extension of this approach to the prediction of the Dose Limiting Toxicity for a combination. This method relies on developing several toxicity models in parallel for each potential dose-limiting toxicity, and calculating the combination index from early-stage toxicities for each of them. The combination index for each toxicity is then used to predict the MTD that would result from it, and the toxicity that results in the lowest MTD is then the putative Dose Limiting Toxicity. Taken together, the approaches described here can be used to derive critical information directly from clinical data, and enable the design of rational escalation schemes in Phase I trials for combinations that are at once faster and safer. Citation Format: Ekta Kadakia, Christopher J. Zopf, Mayankbhai Patel, Dean Bottino, Greg Hather, Wen Chyi Shyu, Arijit Chakravarty. Anticipating the maximum tolerated dose for combinations based on early toxicity signals. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3746. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3746

Shape-preserving surfaces with constraints on tension parameters

The C1 rational bi-cubic local interpolation schemes are presented for the shape preservation of convex, monotone and positive surface data. The shape of the surface is controlled locally with the help of eight tension parameters over each rectangular patch. Data dependent constraints are developed on half of the tension parameters to preserve the intrinsic shapes of the surface data. The remaining ones are unconstrained, thus free to be used to obtain the smoothest surface.

Emerging issues and new frameworks for wind loading on structures in mixed climates

Starting from an overview on the research on thunderstorms in the last forty years, this paper provides a general discussion on some emerging issues and new frameworks for wind loading on structures in mixed climates. Omitting for sake of simplicity tropical cyclones and tornadoes, three main aspects are pointed out. The first concerns the separation and classification of different intense wind events into extra-tropical depressions, thunderstorms and gust fronts, with the aim of improving the interpretation of the phenomena of engineering interest, the probabilistic analysis of the maximum wind velocity, the determination of the wind-induced response and the safety format for structures. The second deals with the use of the response spectrum technique, not only as a potentially efficient tool for calculating the structural response to thunderstorms, but also as a mean for revisiting the whole wind-excited response in a more general and comprehensive framework. The third involves the statistical analysis of extreme wind velocities in mixed climates, pointing out some shortcomings of the approaches currently used for evaluating wind loading on structures and depicting a new scenario for a more rational scheme aiming to pursue structural safety. The paper is set in the spirit of mostly simplified analyses and mainly qualitative remarks, in order to capture the conceptual aspects of the problems dealt with and put on the table ideas open to discussion and further developments.

Dosage studies on simplified inverse intensity modulated radiotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery

Objective To compare the dosage characteristics between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3DCRT）plan and simplified inverse dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）in patients with early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery.Methods 3DCRT and IMRT treament plans were designed for 14 female patients with early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery,4 of whom were left breast cancer cases.A dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the whole ipsilateral breast was delivered using 6 MV photons for 3DCRT or IMRT.For 3DCRT plans,tangential field irradiation was adopted.While for IMRT,reverse dynamic intensity modulated technology was done through two pairs of tangential-likely fields, and 10 Gy was boosted to the tumor bed concomitantly in 25 fractions.The conformity index （CI）,heterogenei-ty index （HI）,dose and volume of organs at risk were evaluated by dose volume histograms （DVH）.Results Compared with 3DCRT plans for ipsilateral lung,the high dose volumes were reduced and the low dose volumes were increased in IMRT plans.The same phenomenon was also observed for the heart of the patient with left breast cancer.The crosspoint doses of 3DCRT DVH and IMRT DVH for lung or heart were （25.16 ±9.11） Gy,（28.63 ±10.41 ）Gy respectively.There was no difference between the two plans in the V10 of contra-lateral breast [IMRT（4.13 ±5.17）%∶3DCRT（1.99 ±2.43）%,t=2.11,P>0.05],but the D30 and mean of IMRT plan were higher than that of 3DCRT [（2.23 ±1.77）Gy ∶（1.20 ±0.46）Gy,t=2.58,P 0.05].While the CI of IMRT plans were improved compared with 3DCRT [（0.75 ±0.07）∶（0.62 ±0.09）,t =5.68,P<0.000 1]. Conclusion Compared with 3DCRT plan in patients with early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery,the main advantages of four fields simplified inverse dynamic IMRT are concomitant tumor boosting, decreasing the high dose volumes of ipsilateral lung,and improving the CI of planning target volume at the same time,but the HI is not improved.The IMRT plan is a simple,rational and feasible design scheme. Key words: Breast neoplasms; Intensity-modulated radiotherapy; Radiotherapy dosage; Breast conser-ving surgery