Rational Considerations Research Articles

Characteristics of Japanese Labor Markets

From his firsthand observations of selected Japanese factories in the early 1950's, Prof. Abegglen has derived a body of conclusions which constitute a general characterization of the Japanese employment relations. 1 According to him, the Japanese factory is deeply'embedded within the framework of pre-industrial (ante-rational) social values and functions, to the exclusion of rational economic considerations.

Agro-climatic Studies on the Difference of the Climate in Each Year

In order to research the relationship between the yields of rice plants and soybeans and the climate, the writer studied the variations of climate among years and of growth of rice plants and soybeans, which had been observed at Morioka (from 1926 to 1955).The results are summarized as follows1) The Variation of climate was different in each year and time. The variation of the mean air temperature with year was the smallest of the measured meteorological elements, and that of the amount of precipitation was the largest. Seasonally, the variations of elements were the largest in the first 20 days in July (Table 1).2) Owing to Tables 3 and 4, there were close relationships between the yield of rice plant and air temperature and number of hour with sunshine. Especially, it was rational consideration to show the limits of the Mean value of climate.3) The yield of soybeans had the delicate relationship with not only air temperature and sunshine but also amount of precipitation. It was larger than the standard deviation of yield of rice plant.4) There were close relationships between the dates of first appearance of mean air temperature of more than 20°C and dates of head sprout of rice plants, and also between number of days of the mean air temperature of more than 20°C and the yield of rice plants. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2)5) Generally the yield of soybeans was similar to rice plant excepting the fact that the bad harvest of soybeans was due to the extreme drying or wetness of flowering day which did not exist for the case of rice plant (Fig. 2).

Feather River Water for Southern California

Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to estimate the role which water supply from the Feather River Project should play, if rational economic considerations governed, in the calculations of Southern California. It is suggested that the responsible Southern California authorities should insist on a similar report before deciding whether they are willing to bear--or rather, have their constituents bear--the additional cost required to enlarge the Project to allow deliveries to Southern California.

Controlled clinical trial of effects of alevaire mist on premature infants.

It has been suggested that premature infants who develop respiratory obstructive signs in the first few days of life may be benefited by an environment that is saturated with various amounts of water. Potter1has stated that the incidence of hyaline-like membrane in the lung was reduced when newborn infants were raised in atmospheres of 90 to 95% relative humidity. Gellis and Hardy2have indicated a possible prophylactic effect on pulmonary hyaline membranes of atmospheres supersaturated with water. More recently Ravenel3has advocated the use of a detergent solution, Alevaire, consisting of Triton WR-1339 (oxyethylated tertiary octylphenol-for-maldehyde polymer) 0.125%, glycerine 5%, and sodium bicarbonate 2% in distilled water, for nebulization into the incubators of all premature infants to combat neonatal asphyxia due to the inhalation of amniotic fluid, with or without atelectasis. Despite rational theoretical considerations and favorable clinical impressions about the effectiveness of these measures, no

The Cult of the Unintelligible

ENDLESS AND FRUITLESS hours are spent arguing the merits of works such as Orphee, which, to me, do not have sufficient intrinsic value to make lengthy discussion a profitable pastime. At first I decided not to participate in this debate as it appeared to be a waste of time. On second thought, however, it seemed that a brief summary of my ideas about this type of film might help those who, like myself, wish to bring about a more rational consideration of such pictures in the appreciation of the film. The cinema means different things to different people, and its vast audience is made up of groups-some large and some smalleach finding satisfaction in a wide range of subjects reflecting various degrees of skill in presentation. Therefore I have no wish to offend anyone when I say that I obtain no enjoyment from Cocteau's films and feel that the cinema would be none the poorer without him; I realize that a minority group of people exist which, if we are to believe their word, do admire him and find genuine satisfaction in his work. I am aware also that these people may feel as disappointed in my lack of response to Orphee as I am in those who say they do not like Miracle in Milan, which film, incidentally, reveals by comparison the emptiness of Cocteau's work more than discussion will ever do.

JUSTIFICATION FOR DIRECT REGULATION OF CONSUMER CREDIT REAPPRAISED

ONE MIGHT THINK because Regulation W had expired that it is a dead issue and that further consideration of it is academic. That is not the case. When advocacy of consumer credit regulation is expressed by a presidential candidate, as it was by Governor Stevenson, and when many economists and bankers indorse this form of selective credit control, as was indicated in replies to a Congressional Subcommittee on General Credit Control and Debt Management, this is ample evidence that while the regulation itself may have expired the thinking which would reinstate it is but dormant. A discussion of direct regulation of consumer credit today, however, need not be the same as it was ten years ago. Then it seemed plausible that restrictions upon credit buying by consumers would lessen demand, check price rises, and even counteract cyclical tendencies. Having meanwhile seen that those ends were not accomplished by it, and having learned more about such credit than was previously known, we are in a position today to appraise regulatory theories in the light of experience and facts. Behind the reasoning that through consumer credit regulation inflation could be curbed and scarce materials diverted to wartime uses were certain basic assumptions: 1. That a consumer's normal purchasing power is increased by his use of credit. 2. That consumers will use all the credit they can get. 3. That general economic activity rises and falls in response to consumer credit buying. 4. That an increase in consumers' use of credit results in an increase in money (demand deposits) in circulation. 5. That in the use of credit consumers are impelled by emotional rather than rational considerations. These assumptions lead to the conclusion that consumer credit can be dealt with like commercial credit or like the supply of money, and that by general and selective credit controls the economy might be expanded or contracted as the need may be. These con-

Broadening the Base of Language Study in America

It is a privilege to join you in this annual meeting of the Modern Language Association, and to take a modest part in the discussions of certain problems connected with the teaching of modern foreign languages. This Association has for years been concerned with many academic activities and research in various fields of knowledge which have a very important contribution to make at this point in our national life. Though your organization is not concerned with the entire range of subjects or disciplines commonly included under the term “humane letters,” many of the fields represented here are at the very core of our liberal learning in the United States. It is of the utmost importance that the ideas and the ideals embodied in Western European culture should be reemphasized and revitalized in this day of materialism and confusion. At no time in our history has it been more necessary that concepts such as the dignity of the individual, the basic rights of free men, and the rational consideration of human problems be inculcated in the minds of American youth. You are the members of a large company of scholars and teachers who have much of the responsibility for passing on this liberal heritage to this and succeeding generations.

Development and Applications of Tests of Special Aptitude

serves as an instrument of national manpower policy, but also there have been numerous studies of the effectiveness of tests and considerable efforts to increase their effectiveness, both for prediction in a single field and for differentiating among fields. The attention given to theoretical and rational considerations of test validity, and especially to the problem of the criterion, is especially significant.

Attaining Womanhood: A Doctor Talks to Girls About Sex.

This small volume is a counterpart of a previous publication (Attaining Manhood: A Doctor Talks to Boys About Sex, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1938) by the same author, who is professor of anatomy at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. In a similar manner this companion volume adapts the available knowledge regarding sexual development and reproduction for intelligent comprehension by the adolescent girl. The simplicity of the terms and the skill with which biologic analogy has been utilized in demonstrating the physiology of menstruation and reproduction, in addition to the anatomic illustrations, enhance the value of the publication not only to the child but to the parent, the educator and the physician. The discussion of sex attraction and sex conduct has served as an excellent basis for rational consideration of the various sex problems which may be encountered. A brief discussion of venereal disease in conformity

The Triple-Appeal Principle: A Contribution of Psychoanalysis to Political and Social Science

Psychoanalysis makes three divisions of the personality: the id-including biological needs; the superego-the socially acquired inhibitions; and the ego-the testing of reality. The id may be said to correspond with impulse, the superego with conscience, and the ego with reason. These three divisions function in special ways in person-to-person relationships, in the role and meaning of institutions, and in person-to-occasion relationships. Selection of personnel as well as responses to superiors, leaders, models, can best be understood on the basis of a tripartie personality, which usually shows the predominance of one aspect. Institutions take their meanings from their respective appeals: economic, political, scientific, and technological to expediency; religion and fundamental law to conscience; art and sociability to natural impulse. Person-to-occasion relationships also follow this general pattern. Elections are appeals to rational considerations; patriotic holidays to conscience; carnivals and va...

The Evolution of the Institution of Mothers' Pensions in the United States

The movement for mothers' pensions in America grew out of a conference called by President Roosevelt in 1909, at which the dissatisfaction with the existing practice was brought to a focus. The first law was passed in Illinois in 1911, and now forty-two states have similar legislation. The varying provisions of the laws reveal the uncertainties of political action and the fortuitous aspects of the detailed enactments. The amounts allowed for each child vary to a degree not determined by any rational consideration of the needs. Similary, the administration of the funds is variously provided for, and no scientific effort to discover the best method is evident. In considering the promotion of the legislation, it is noteworthy that partisanship was avoided, the saving in taxation emphasized, and a humanitarian appeal stressed. The bearing of these facts on the theory of evolving institutions shows less of conscious trial and more of accidental compromise than the current formulations allow.

THE SINGLE HYPOPHOSPHITES IN DEFECTIVE NUTRITION OF BONE AND NERVE TISSUES.

Of all the varied uses of the hypophosphites, none are more interesting to me than their employment to meet certain faults of nutrition in the osseous and nervous systems. I group these two departments of the human organism roughly together here, because my attention was directed to them in this connection, by certain rational considerations. In the chemic constitution, the growth and the maintenance of both, phosphorus plays a very important part. So it was inferred, that in certain pathologic conditions of either, especially when characterized by defective nutrition, the use of phosphorus in some convenient and easily assimilable form, is the primary and essential indication of treatment. The various clinical trials of this opinion in practice for several years, have amply justified and sustained the inference. My readers are probably familiar with the use of these remedies in cases of delayed teething in children. Aside from this familiar use,