Rational Elements Research Articles

Компьютерное моделирование процесса сверления сложных пакетов титанового сплава и композиционного материала с использованием цифровых двойников

Complex packages of polycrystalline composite materials based on carbon fiber plastics and titanium alloys find wide ap-plication in the designs of machine-building products and become the main material in the production of high-speed modern transport modes. However, the technology of machining parts surfaces made of these materials, namely holes, is character-ized by insufficient knowledge, lack of standards for cutting modes and is based more often on the production experience of enterprises. When machining conditions and materials of complex packages change, the duration of technological prepara-tion of production causes a significant increase in the cost of manufacturing components and parts due to the need for com-petent selection of rational elements of the cutting mode. To exclude the empirical fit of rational elements of the cutting mode on machining facility, the possibility of using digital twins of drilling processes in workpieces made of these materials is studied. It also implies the introduction of ultrasonic field energy into new surfaces generation of geometry in order to improve the quality of the machining area production efficiency and reduction of technological preparation of production based on the selection of elements of the cutting mode instead of testing the selected machining conditions using the existing technological equipment. The LS-DYNA program was used in the simulation process. Preparation of models and data pro-cess was carried out in the LS-Prepost 4.8 program. In the course of research, an explicit simulation technique with pre-liminary validation was used. Studies proved that the developed finite element models allow simulating the technological processes of simultaneous drilling of packages of titanium alloy and composite material in a computer (digital twin) without conducting sufficiently complex and costly field tests. Generated by simulation, a calculation sheet was obtained containing the simulation process, the solution of which visually reflects the process of drilling holes in workpieces made of complex packages of titanium alloy and composite material, as close as possible to the real situation with chip removal. Since the use of digital twins for performing this stage of technological preparation of production in the conditions of existing enterprises is not associated with a long and expensive operation of machine-tool fleet, we should expect a significant reduction in the cost of manufacturing components and parts from similar materials in industry, primarily in small-scale or single-part pro-duction.

Determinants of Bank Employees’ Engagement in Asset Misappropriation in Tanzania

This study examines the determinants of employees’ engagement in asset misappropriation within the Tanzanian banking sector, drawing on the Fraud Triangle theory's elements of pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. A sample of 148 bank employees was analysed using a linear regression model. The findings revealed that opportunity emerged as the only significant predictor of asset misappropriation, indicating that when opportunities are perceived to be available, the likelihood of fraudulent behaviour increases and vice versa. However, neither pressure nor rationalization proved to have a significant influence. This research's findings have profound implications for banking institutions and regulatory bodies, highlighting the need for strengthened internal controls and vigilant surveillance mechanisms to constrict perceived opportunities for fraud. Moreover, this study enriches the existing literature by underscoring the context-dependent impact of the Fraud Triangle's components on asset misappropriation, particularly within the Tanzanian banking sector. It emphasizes the need for further research into the complexities of fraudulent behaviour and the development of effective strategies to mitigate it, across different sectors and geographic contexts.

РОЛЬ ВНУТРЕННЕГО МОНОЛОГА В РАСКРЫТИИ ГЛУБИН ДУШЕВНОЙ ЖИЗНИ РАСКОЛЬНИКОВА (ПО РОМАНУ Ф.М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО "ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЕ И НАКАЗАНИЕ")

The article traces the evolution of the internal monologue as a means of revealing the depths of the spiritual life of the protagonist in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the role of the internal monologue is explored depending on the Christian views of the novelist. It is noted that the evolution of the internal monologue is due to a change in the moral and psychological state of the hero and the surrounding reality. However, the novelist believed that a person is determined not only by character, current life circumstances, but also by free will, which can destroy their logic, the laws of psychology and become a resurrection into a new life. The internal monologue becomes the leading means of artistic and psychological analysis in the novel, when the hero chooses self-will, empties his heart and plunges into the element of rationality. Thus, the hero becomes a person of the “environment” and lends himself to a partial psychological explanation.

Rational Elements in Representations of Simple Algebraic Groups, I

An element g of a group G is called rational if g is conjugate to $$g^i$$ for every integer i coprime to |g|. We determine all triples $$(G,g,\phi )$$ , where G is a simple algebraic group of type $$A_n$$ , $$B_n$$ or $$C_n$$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $$p\ge 0$$ , $$g\in G$$ is a rational odd order semisimple element and $$\phi $$ is an irreducible representation of G such that $$\phi (g)$$ has eigenvalue 1.

Theoretical Perspectives on Bureaucrats: A Quest for Democratic Agents

While the relationship between bureaucracy and democracy has gained attention in historical cycles, the literature on the roles of bureaucrats in relation to democracy has become increasingly fragmented. Drawing on comparisons among public administration theory and participatory, deliberative, and collaborative democracy, this article provides typologies that reflect the historical multiplication of the theoretically determined roles and characteristics of bureaucracy that contribute to democracy. This comparative analysis highlights a common democratic trend among the four schools in adding stresses on bureaucrats’ autonomy, morality, publicity, and direct connection to citizens, with a constant coexistence of rational and managerial elements.

The Ukraine crisis, the nuclear threat and the ICJ Opinion of 1996

AbstractThe Russian aggression against Ukraine has unleashed new fears of a nuclear war and also due to direct and indirect threats by the Russian side. As a consequence, it seems appropriate to re‐open the debate about the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, a debate led to somewhat inconclusive results by the ICJ Opinion of 1996 on the ‘Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons’. If some elements of rationality are left in this war, nuclear weapons will not be employed in Ukraine. The major casualty of this rhetoric could, however, be the far‐reaching de‐legitimisation of nuclear warfare achieved in the past. Therefore, the time has come to re‐examine the ICJ assessments of 1996 and to take a clearer stance in this regard which should be more appropriate as to the exigencies of modern international society. It is argued here that now the ICJ would come to different conclusions if seized again with the same questions as in 1996.

Periodisation of the philosophy of Islamic rationalism in the perspective of Zaki Naguib Mahmud

In the current era of disruption, causality cannot be opposed to religion, so the independence of reason can contribute to the development of contemporary global thought in the Islamic world. This paper seeks to uncover the roots of the periodization of the philosophy of Islamic rationalism in the view of Zaki Naquib Mahmud. The primary data source is three books titled Arabiy baina Tsaqafatain, Tajdid Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, and Al-Ma’qul wa al-La Ma’qul fi Turatsina al-Fikribaik. Research data is a discourse that contains elements of religion and rationalism. The process of collecting data in this study is by studying literature and tracking various references related to the study’s focus. Data analysis techniques are carried out by the method of content analysis. Data validity using a triangulation model, by comparing data and relevant theory. The result of this study is that there are five phases of periodization of the philosophy of Islamic rationalism in the perspective of Zaki Naquib Mahmud, namely simple thinking [misykat] represented by Ali ibn Abi Talib; the lamp of reason [misbah] is characterized by the occurrence of philosophical debates about leadership and the great sin; the lamp glass [Zujajah al Misbah] is marked by the appearance of Bayt al-Ḥikmah in Baghdad; the luminous star [kaukab durriy] represented by the emergence of the Brotherhood of ash Shafa; and the endowed tree [syajarah mubarakah]. In this last phase, Zaki Naquib Mahmud positioned Ibn Rushd’s rationalism as an appropriate representation so as not to regress, even allowing for the realization of the renaissance in the Islamic world. This reflection of thought is expected to be able to inspire the millennial generation of Muslims about the importance of the philosophy of rationalism in the Islamic traditionContribution: This article contributed to the goal of HTS Theological Studies to promote transdisciplinary aspects of religious studies in the international theological arena on philosophy in literary texts.

Metropolitan mobility options and individual identities: How much households' mobility choices are determined by residential-related identities?

Daily mobility is an ordinary problem that fits into the complexity of everyday household life. Mobility is also a dimension of identity, a predisposition which gives individuals a specific framework for dealing with activities and travels. Thus, households’ choices are made with a wide range of rational elements (economic, time, accessibility, etc.), but also with more sensible elements (preferences, past experiences, satisfaction, etc.). In addition, large-scale urban projects aim to improve modal split and to facilitate households’ commutes conditions. Since poles of employment generate the main concentrated flows of urban travel, those poles are at the core of strategic planning. Beyond improving mobility, changing job location may involve contrasted issues for households, positive (e.g., travel efficiency, sustainable mobilities, etc.) and negative (e.g., freedom of choice, undesirable mode change). This paper focuses on an exceptional workplace relocation (2015) in Montréal – McGill University Health Center – and explores the daily commute choices for more than 10,000 metropolitan workers. While metropolitan accessibility is sharply improved, the new workplace offers a low-quality mobility environment compared to former ones (n=5) located downtown. What mobility choices do metropolitan employees make in order to rebuild their travel routines? What is the importance of both mobility habits and mobility identities in commute changes/satisfaction? Using an internet retrospective survey (n=1 977) conducted with the concerned workers, mobility strategies have been explored. Principal component analyses and clustering are used to take into account lifestyles typology into a logistic regression model in order to explain mode choice according to identities, workers’ socioeconomic characteristics, built environment and structural urban characteristics. Beyond the importance of accessibility, attitudes towards mobility have strong explanation power for specific workers' profiles. These variables should be better embraced by transportation plans.

To what Extent Can the Diversity of Qur’anic Tafsir be Described as ‘Traditions of Reason’

This paper examines tafsir as one of the oldest scientific disciplines developed by Muslims, who experienced dialectical shifts from time to time. Early tafsir was characterized by the bi al-mathur tradition or by its reliance on riwayah sources. While it is commonly argued that this mode of interpretation leaves no place for the mufassir's intervention, his subjectivity and rationality in choosing the preferred tradition cannot be ignored. Following that, tafsir evolved according to the bi al-ra'yi tradition which is believed to emphasize the mufassir’s reasoning while interpreting the Qur’an. This paper is addressed to examine this categorization, using Sherman Jackson’s traditions of reason that aim to compromise tafsir with varying hues of traditionalist and rationalist perspectives. This paper employs the library method by reviewing relevant literature to answers the main question. In the end, the limitations of a tafsir can be accepted as traditions of reason as long as the interpretation adheres to the fundamental criteria of interpretation. This includes mufassir’s profound understanding, no conflict with other verses or hadith, and, in many cases, its conformity with logic. Traditional and Rational elements are complementary and must be addressed proportionately. The emphasis on reason has the potential to lead to the mufassir's personal preferences and biases. Meanwhile, the usage of traditional riwayah will limit interpretive space and the context's applicability.

JEJAK PENAFSIRAN RASIONAL PADA KITAB TAFSIR JUZ ‘AMMA KARYA MUHAMMAD ABDUH

Muhammad Abduh is a reformer who is known for the renewal of Islamic thought in various fields. Muhammad Abduh is often aligned with mu'tazilah in the rationality of his thoughts, for him, reason and revelation should not be separated and should not be clashed because both can be used as clues for humans. This basis then became the footing of Abduh's thought in both interpretations, one of which was the interpretation of juz amma. This research is qualitative research with a text analysis approach, the main source of this study is the interpretation of juz amma Muhammad Abduh. The conclusion of this study was found that the interpretation of juz amma Muhammad Abduh has an element of rationality of science and language even with a limited number.

Some Comments on the Productivity of Dichotomies in the Current Arena of Ideological Confrontations

The history of the development of human communities opens up a large number of chapters of the alliance of rationality and power. The determining power of the implementation of elements of purposeful rationality at the political level is almost always represented by the legitimation of a certain type of interest associated with the greatest power to enforcing them. The primary goal of this paper is in an endeavour to place the normative nature of current (democratic) political regimes where we encounter the need for a more fundamental theoretical argument that would enable us to respond to their dynamic, often contradictory development. We focus on the productivity of dichotomies in the theory and practice of rationalism, irrationalism and liberal democracy. Their interaction in fact defines and creates the conditions for experimenting with different forms of political structures in the search for a better human and the world. At the same time, its performance not only defines the conditions for the theoretical justification of the idea of power, but also becomes a tool for its implementation. The theoretical background of this approach develops monitoring the content turbulences in the political systems of liberal democracies, with an emphasis on political life in Slovakia. Hence, in the present study, in the context of possible effects of the infectious disease COVID-19 on the activities of individual political actors, we point to a unique experience that contributes to addressing the issue of the way of establishing "softer" forms of political communication instead of political struggle, especially at the level of relations between the conservative, socialist, and liberal party-political communities not just in Slovakia, but also in other countries around the world.

Моделирование процессов сверления заготовок из полимерных композиционных материалов путем использования цифровых двойников

Polycrystalline composite materials made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics have more and more widespread application in mechanical engineering and become the main material for the production of modern types of high-speed transport. Thus, their share has already reached 35–45 % in the structural design of passenger aircrafts. However, the technology of machining surfaces of parts made of these materials, in particular, holes, is characterized by insufficient knowledge, the absence of regulatory standards for cutting modes and is most often based on the production experience of enterprises. When changing the processing conditions and the material, the pre-production engineering duration causes a significant increase in the cost of manufacturing parts due to the need for experimental selection of the cutting mode rational elements. To exclude the empirical selection of rational elements of the machining equipment cutting mode, the authors considered the possibility of using digital twins for studying the processes of drilling holes in the blanks made of composite materials, including those with the ultrasonic field energy introduction into the new surface shaping zone (to improve the processing quality and productivity). When modeling, the LS-DYNA program was used. The authors prepared the models and processed the results using the LS-PrePost 4.8 program. During the study, an explicit modeling method was used with preliminary validation and calibration of the results of tests of composites. The authors carried out calibration on test operations of tension, three-point bending, and interlaminar shear of the ВКУ-39 polymer composite material based on carbon fibers (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) widely used in domestic engineering. The developed finite element computer models allow simulating drilling procedures without carrying out rather complicated and expensive field tests. As a result of modeling, a simulation file was obtained, which reflects the process of drilling holes in a polymer composite material blank, as close as possible to the real-life situation with chip removal.

MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF WINE FESTIVAL VISITOR EXPERIENCE

MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF WINE FESTIVAL VISITOR EXPERIENCE

Methodology of the Neo-Kantian Philosophy of Law: the transition from “due” to “being”

The article shows the influence of Kantian philosophy on jurisprudence. From the position of neo-Kantianism, law and the state are not objective “things in themselves”, but transcendental logical constructions of the cognizing subject. Law is twofold: as a subject of logic and as a social phenomenon included in social relations as their regulator. In the concept of law, rational and irrational elements are distinguished. According to neo-Kantian methodology, the state can be the subject of research both nomothetic (the state is a recurring fact) and idiographic (the state is a unique phenomenon) sciences. It is shown that in the Russian Philosophy of Law of the 19th - early 20th centuries of the neo-Kantian orientation, special attention was paid to the problems of finding a social ideal, the connectedness of the state by law, the theme of a legal state, the basis of which is a self-sufficient person. The ethical and legal basis of the neo-Kantian Philosophy of Law in Russia was Kant’s idea of individual freedom, its autonomy, of the external protection of all members of society by the state with the help of the rule of law and non-interference in the inner world of a person. In the late 19th - early 20th centuries, Kant’s philosophy was extrapolated to the conditions of the historical reality of that period in the form of requirements for the legal provision of individual rights and freedoms in a legal state.

Капельное орошение молодых плантаций виноградников в условиях Республики Крым

Purpose: to determine elements of irrigation technology for young vineyard plantations using the drip irrigation method on various types of soil in the Republic of Crimea and test them under the conditions of this region. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the village of Pavlovka, Belogorsky district of the Republic of Crimea. The establishment of field experiments and observations were carried out using generally accepted methods for setting up and conducting field experiments. Results. As a result of the research, the water-physical properties of soils of the Republic of Crimea were analyzed and rational elements of the technology for irrigating young vineyard plantations using drip irrigation on various types of soils (limits of optimal soil moisture, dripper consumption, wetted depth, irrigation period and water application rate) were calculated. When calculating the irrigation regime for the drip irrigation method, it is necessary to take into account the wetted layer depth, the physical properties of soil, the planting pattern, the moisture contour shape, the dripper flow rate and pre-irrigation soil moisture. The elements of irrigation technology for young vineyard plantations vary significantly, for example, the recommended flow rate of drippers varies from 2–4 l/h on chernozems to 6–8 l/h on light chestnut soils and steppe solonetzes, while the duration of irrigation varies from 2–3 h on light chestnut soils up to 6–9 h on ordinary chernozems. Conclusions. When testing the results, it was found that the drip irrigation method has a positive effect on the survival rate of table grape cuttings. On average, this indicator for varieties was 98.8%. For soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Crimea, the varieties Sport, Podarok to Irina, Baikonur and Zabava turned out to be the most responsive in terms of their morphological characteristics. During the growing season of the first year young table grapes (in a medium-dry year), 16 irrigations of 30 cubic m/ha with an irrigation rate of 480 cubic m/ha were carried out, while the total water consumption excluding the use of moisture from soil was 3740 cubic m/ha.

Нравственная среда научного управления

The article deals with the philosophical problem of the formation of the moral environment of scientific management. The absolutization of the technocratic, bureaucratic approach to scientific management is criticized. The author introduces the concepts of ‘moral environment of scientific management’, ‘inspiratory management’. The moral environment of scientific management is studied on the basis of dialectical, synergetic methods. In the historical and philosophical context, ideas about higher values as the spiritual basis of scientific management are considered. Based on the concept of psychoenergetics by A. A. Bogdanov, the SMD methodology of G. P. Shchedrovitsky, the ideas of existential management by I. Nonaka, enlightened management by A. Maslow, the necessity of purposeful formation of the moral environment of scientific management in the process of communication in the system ‘man - society – organization’ is substantiated. The author notes that inspirational management as inspiration by higher meanings in the process of communication forms the moral environment of scientific management. The moral environment of scientific management is a metasystem that creates the conditions for the progressive development of society on the basis of the moral improvement of man, the development of his capabilities. The moral environment of scientific management orients a scientist towards the pursuit of truth, the labor meaning of life, professional development, civic activity, moral meanings. The author states that it is necessary to form a team of like-minded people, the collective subject of scientific management can be characterized as a learning organization. The development of applied technologies imbued with the pathos of moral feeling is carried out. The moral environment of scientific management contributes to the popularization of scientific knowledge. The author comes to the conclusion that the basis of the moral environment of scientific management is a social idealized project, which includes rational and irrational elements of philosophy, science, religion, art, ideology. The modern social idealized project is based on the meritocratic project of the knowledge society, the moral ideal of a person - a professional and a citizen. The moral environment of scientific management, which includes symbolic media communications of knowledge, such as truth, the common good, knowledge, creates the basis for successful scientific management. In the absence of a unified moral environment for scientific management, the world community turns into an object of management by illegitimate structures of the global society. The moral environment of scientific management ensures the security of modern society.

Administrative and Legal Mechanisms of Patent and Licensing Work in the USSR in the First half of the 1960s (on the Materials of the GANO)

The subject of the study is the insufficiently studied problem in the historical and legal science of the state-legal regulation of the processes of patent and licensing activities in the USSR, and especially the administrative and legal mechanisms of the formation of this activity in the first half of the 1960s. It was during this period that the Soviet State began to actively pay attention to the issues of patent protection of industrial products exported and the organization of patent business within the country. The paper investigates archival materials of the Novosibirsk region, which allow describing administrative and legal ways of organizing patent work on the example of the West Siberian State Farm. The purpose of the study is the analysis of administrative and legal acts of state authorities of the USSR of 1961-1965, which allows to expand the range of knowledge about the organization of patent and licensing activities in the USSR, to identify its rational elements, which in the future could be used in modern conditions in an updated form. In the course of the study, the formal legal method, traditional for historical and legal science, was used, which allowed interpreting the content of the legal prescriptions under study by describing the norms of law, establishing legal signs of patent and licensing activities in the period under study. System-structural methods of analysis made it possible to isolate the elements of the organizational and legal structure of patent and licensing work in the USSR in the first half of the 1960s. The analysis of the sources allowed the author to conclude that in 1960-1965 in the USSR there was the formation of a system of patent and licensing work, the main purpose of which was the protection of state interests in the field of invention. The organizational basis of the activity consisted of patent divisions of research institutes, patent examination groups, as well as patent divisions of enterprises and organizations. The main mechanisms of the organization of patent and licensing activities were based on the directive and instructional provisions of the Committee for Inventions and Discoveries of the USSR.

TEORI FRAUD PENTAGON: PERAN DALAM MENDETEKSI KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR KEUANGAN TAHUN 2018-2020)

This study aims to analyze the effect of the fraud pentagon theory element on fraudulent financial statements in financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Elements of the pentagon deception theory cannot be analyzed directly, but through proxies. Pressure is proxied by financial targets and external pressures. Opportunity is proxied by ineffective oversight. Rationalization is proxied by auditor turnover. Competence is proxied by the change of director. Arrogance is represented by the CEO's photo frequency. This type of research is quantitative because the data used are in the form of numbers, namely the annual financial report. The sample of this research is 54 financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2020 obtained by purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used is logistic regression through SPSS version 26. The results show that the elements of pressure and opportunity affect fraudulent financial statements. While the elements of rationalization, competence and arrogance have no effect on fraudulent financial statements.

Tunable Naphthalimide/Cinnoline‐Fused (CinNapht) Hybrid Dyes for Fluorescence Imaging in Living Cells

AbstractThis paper presents the synthesis, photophysical characterization and use for cell imaging of 14 fluorophores derived from a hybrid Naphthalimide/Cinnoline fused backbone called “CinNapht”. Photophysical properties of these fluorophores including absorbance, excitation and emission spectra have been recorded in CHCl3, DMSO and PBS+5 %BSA. They exhibit red emission associated to a large Stokes shift and fluorescence quantum yields up to 52 %. Theoretical calculations have been undertaken in order to provide elements of rationalization for a major part of the results. Some of these analogues have been tuned to enable imaging of cell organelles such as mitochondria, lysosome or lipid droplets. This study comes to confirm that CinNapht dyes can be considered as relevant alternatives to existing tools for cell imaging.

Rational Bézier Guarding

AbstractWe present a reliable method to generate planar meshes of nonlinear rational triangular elements. The elements are guaranteed to be valid, i.e. defined by injective rational functions. The mesh is guaranteed to conform exactly, without geometric error, to arbitrary rational domain boundary and feature curves. The method generalizes the recent Bézier Guarding technique, which is applicable only to polynomial curves and elements. This generalization enables the accurate handling of practically important cases involving, for instance, circular or elliptic arcs and NURBS curves, which cannot be matched by polynomial elements. Furthermore, although many practical scenarios are concerned with rational functions of quadratic and cubic degree only, our method is fully general and supports arbitrary degree. We demonstrate the method on a variety of test cases.