Rational Components Research Articles

Human Development Index and Its Enhancement with Selection Procedure of Its Components

This paper aims to identify the rational components and statistical technique to measure of performance in key dimensions of human development. The study uses desk review particularly the literature that focused quantitative techniques and human development. Different ideas, models, concepts and knowledge of human development are drawn from various literature. Those models and concepts of human development are evolving over time and building on the strengths and weaknesses of the previous models and concepts. Many recent studies suggest that the Human Development Index (HDI) is incomplete and so there is an urgent need to modify and develop new measuring tool for human development. In connection with this issue the study focuses to identify and develop rational components and appropriate model that can overcome the deficiency of the existing models. The study recommends to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA)which are found statistical techniques to develop the estimators for measuring the level of human development. The appropriate components and modified models are proposed on the basis of derived components with statistical techniques for measuring the level human development in rational manner.

Оценочное высказывание в англоязычном художественном дискурсе XIX и первой половины XX века

The article addresses evaluative utterance, which is considered in terms of its subject-matter, semantics and structure on the material of British and American fictional discourse of the 19 th and the first half of the 20th centuries. The classification of value-related objects of evaluation as reflected in the fictional discourse of the selected periods is presented. The suggested classification incorporates evaluative utterances describing two thematic spheres, i.e. "Human being" and "Surrounding world". The dynamics of positive and negative evaluative utterance types in the period under study is described. The proportion of emotional and rational components in the complex meaning of evaluative utterances is determined. Trends in evolution of semantic types of evaluative utterances in the English fictional discourse of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries are brought into the open. Structural types of sentences, in which evaluative attitude is verbalized, are singled out, with their communicative productivity being identified and compared. The structural components of the evaluative predicate are outlined. Frequency value of morphological-and-semantic evaluative means and means of a mixed type is identified in the fictional discourse under analysis. Means of modifying the expressiveness degree in the evaluative utterances are described. The suggested approach to the evaluative utterances in the fictional discourse demonstrates the dynamics of axiological worldview of the speaking community. The growing trends for communicative compression and transparency, for the increase in emotiveness of evaluative utterances and a greater degree of gradation of the evaluative attribute, as well as the corresponding language changes, related to the phenomenon of evaluative utterance, are reflected in the linguistic worldview.

Система персонажей как способ оценки событий гражданской войны в Испании в романе Хавьера Серкаса «Царь теней»

The aim of the study is to determine the types of assessing the Spanish Civil War events of 1936-1939 contained in the system of characters in Javier Сercas’ novel “Lord of All the Dead”. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt is made to analyse the system of characters in this novel as a way to assess the events of the civil war in Spain. As a result, it has been found that the characters of the older and middle generation groups demonstrate a similar multidimensional assessment of the civil war events containing somatic, emotional and rational components. The older generation is mainly characterized by somatic reactions caused by direct contact with the traumatic events of the past. Emotional and rational assessment is more vividly presented in the characters of the middle generation, while the object of assessment in this case is not the events of the civil war itself but attitude towards them in modern Spain.

Vlastné mená výživových doplnkov a voľne predajných liekov pre dospelých

The paper focuses on the proper names of over-the-counter drugs and nutritional supplements for adult users, with a research sample of 202 names. The aim is to abstract and typologize the motivants of serionyms, to generalize their communicative and pragmatic potential with regard to linguistic form, target group of consumers and functional members. The tool to fulfill the goal is model and pragmatic analysis, which falls within the research field of onomastics and pragmalinguistics. The pragmatic function of serionyms is related both to the preservation of their appellative semantics and to the way they are produced, namely at the level of motivation and invention. The focus on the target group manifests itself by acting on the emotional or rational component of the percipient's personality, exposing gender stereotypes. The communicative and pragmatic potential of the selected proper names is implemented at the systemic level, first of all, in the functional member of the property, which is an abstraction of figurative naming and template-like gender attributes, and which refers both to the composition and characteristics of the product, and to the characteristics of the user. Meanwhile, the variability of the serionyms increases with increasing number of functional members from two-member models to six-member models.

A silk sericin-confined in-situ synthesis strategy: Fe7S8 inserted N,S co-doped carbon nano-aggregates for high-performance sodium storage

Owing to the low cost and renewability, biomass-derived hard carbons (B-HCs) are attractive anode candidates for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Although the specific capacity of B-HCs can be further improved by incorporating transition metal sulfides, it also brings out other issues, including the sluggish kinetics, “shuttle effect” of sodium polysulfides and voltage failure. Herein, a facile in-situ synthesis strategy for Fe 7 S 8 inserted N,S co-doped carbon nano-aggregates (Fe 7 S 8 -NS/C) is developed. The strong adsorption of sericin to Fe 3+ ensures the dispersive distribution of Fe 7 S 8 nanoparticles in carbon matrix, contributing to fast Na + transport kinetics. The first principles calculations demonstrate the self-doped pyridine N (3.45 at%) and pyrrolic N (7.91 at%) is conducive to Na adsorption, which promotes sodium storage. More importantly, the polar C-S and C-N bonds in the carbon matrix can effectively immobilize sodium polysulfides and inhibit abnormal voltage failure. As an anode material for SIBs, the elaborate Fe 7 S 8 -NS/C composite offers high reversible capacity (477 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 over 500 cycles) and excellent rate capability (326 mAh g −1 at 5 A g −1 ). The simple synthesis method and outstanding electrochemical performances make the Fe 7 S 8 -NS/C an attractive candidate for SIBs. • Nano-sized Fe 7 S 8 is uniformly distributed within the sericin-derived carbon matrix. • Fe 7 S 8 -NS/C nano-aggregates possess accelerated Na + transport kinetics. • DFT calculations confirm the strong Na adsorption ability of self N-doped carbon. • The polar C-N/C-S bonds inhibit the “shuttle effect” and abnormal capacity failure. • Fe 7 S 8 -NS/C with rational component and structure is a promising material for SIBs.

Loyalität. Fluch oder Segen für Kollektive?

Abstract Loyalty is often referred to as the glue that holds collectives together in a stable and resilient way, and yet it is not rarely feared or even despised because it is participatory, exclusionary, and can exacerbate inequalities. The specific problem of loyalty is its ambivalence. Its advantages can often be a disadvantage for communities and individuals, depending on the situation and relational context. Since loyalty is a social fact, and since we as social beings would not consider a life without loyalty as a good life, it seems useful to find out how it can become a blessing rather than a curse, or under which circumstances it is beneficial or harmful for collectives and individuals. This paper explores this question and argues that loyalty(ies) promotes the cohesiveness in collectives if, in addition to the emotional bonds from which loyalties arise, a rational component in loyalties can be demonstrated that allows them to be justified and criticized and thus makes them suitable as an object of social discourse.

LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF EVALUATIVE PARAMETERS IN SPORTS COMMENTARY

Background. A skill to evaluate different objects and phenomena of the objective reality establishes the nature of the interaction of the individual with the surrounding environment. This skill is considered to be one of the most important constituents of human cognitive activity. The necessity to evaluate develops human thinking. Since evaluation causes high interest of the readers in the sporting event, it is of prime importance to analyze the ways of linguistic representation of evaluative parameters in sports commentary.
 Purpose. The article finds out and considers the evaluative parameters and their linguistic representation.
 Materials and methods. The research material comprises 4 football scripts taken from the Sportsmole sports website (https://www.sportsmole.co.uk). The componential and definitional analysis as well as discourse and contextual analysis together with the pragmatic and cognitive methods were used in the analysis of the scripts.
 Results. The results of the research study showed that high level of evaluation is very typical of the speech of the sports online commentator. Following classifications were presented: according to the subject of evaluation, to the scale of evaluation and the presence of an emotional component as well as an absolute and relative types of evaluation. A rational component in the commentator’s evaluative speech was investigated. It is considered to be a result of thinking activity of the addresser and is not connected with his or her emotions. An emotional component which is closely linked to inner feelings and emotions was also analyzed. A conclusion was drawn that the speech of sports commentators is characterized by explicit and implicit evaluation.
 Practical implications. The results of the research study contribute to the theoretical aspects development in the field of pragmatic linguistics and sports discourse. They can also be used in the lectures on pragmatic linguistics and lessons of the English language. The paper is of particular interest to the researchers of sports discourse and online commentary.

The empirical analysis of human capital competences on the example of company executives

Motivation: Diagnosing the competences of human capital is a complex process, involving many approaches and steps leading to the recognition of the entire problem situations of the organization and its employees. Due to the increasingly higher and ever-growing position of the human capital formation system in the overall process of managing an organization, the analysis and diagnosis of management competencies is a process of particular importance. In the era of the knowledge-based economy, employee competencies are the key to competitive advantage. An important issue, therefore, is the constant monitoring of managers attitudes to improve their competences and conducting a systematic analysis of their component structure.
 Aim: This article aims objective of developing a factor structure of the rational dimension of management competencies based on knowledge, skills, and comprehension. Due to this objective, the factor structure of the knowledge and skills that managers have was determined. The practical level of self-assessment of the rational components of competence from the point of view of the influence of situational factors was also determined.
 Results: A questionnaire, an interview and literature studies were used for the research carried out in 2019–2020. The questionnaire was addressed to 282 employees of enterprises in the Lubusz Voivodeship of Poland. This allowed determining the degree of managers determination expressed in the need to adjust the competence potential they have to changeable situational factors.

Архетипні засади правової ідеології українського суспільства

The archetypal principles of the legal ideology of Ukrainian society at two primary levels of its functioning are substantiated – everyday (emotional-volitional) and theoretical-legal as a reflection of Myth and Logos. This allowed the author to consider legal ideology as a systemic unity of two inextricably linked components – mass moods, emotions, expectations and experiences, on the one hand, and a set of legal ideas, theories, views and norms that reflect, evaluate and target the process of social change, contribute to strengthening the legitimate foundations of the functioning of the state and society, ensuring human and civil rights and freedoms, positioning the country in Europe and the world, on the other hand. These components form, respectively, the lower and upper levels of manifestation of the essence of legal ideology as a reflection and meaningful embodiment of the Logos and Myth, Freedom and Good, Word, Chaos and Order as defining archetypes of the Ukrainian people. Archetypal principles of existence of the Ukrainian ethnos are embodied in rational, emotional, scientific, and psychological components of legal ideology as components of a holistic theoretical and legal phenomenon. The archetypal principles of the legal ideology of Ukrainian society prove the dissimilarity of state-corporate and municipal law as entities with different subjective definiteness and different functional purposes. This emphasizes the importance of ensuring the conditions of their complementarity within a single state: public administration as a purposeful rational activity must be balanced by the self-organizing potential of territorial communities following the archetypes of the Logos and Myth. The archetypal principles of the legal ideology of Ukrainian society allow us to state that Ukraine must become a democratic country of equal opportunities following the mental, socio-cultural, geopolitical, and geographical features of the ethnic group that gave the name to the state.

Effect of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Supplementation on Pork Offal Quality.

Simple SummaryDue to their natural origin and a wide range of positive effects on the body, herbs and spices are currently becoming commonly used as a nonantibiotic component of pig rations. There is research evidence to confirm health-promoting effects of milk thistle on humans and animals. The greatest effects are seen for the liver, i.e., protection from toxins and regeneration. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of adding milk thistle seeds on the quality of edible internal organs from the fatteners, which are used in food production as offal. We suggest that our study shows room for improvement of offal quality and may have a positive impact on consumer awareness in the context of offal consumption.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of milk thistle supplementation of fattener pig feeds on physical and chemical properties of pork offal. The experiments were conducted on 60 fatteners (group C—control (30 pigs) and group E—experimental (30 pigs)). The experimental group was supplemented with ground milk thistle (Silybum marianum) at 7 g/kg feed. The offal (tongues, kidneys, hearts, lungs and livers) was analyzed for weight, pH, WHC, water, protein, fat, energy value, fatty acid profile and content of major and trace elements. The present study shows that milk thistle added to fattener pig diets increased pH45 and pH24 values in most of the analyzed offal and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the weight of heart and lungs and increased the weight of liver and kidneys. Hearts, lungs and kidneys of the experimental group contained more fat and the liver less, than the same offal of the control group. As regards the content of elements, the dietary supplement most often had an effect on the heart and lungs. In general, milk thistle supplemented in fattener diets had modified the physical parameters and chemical composition of the analyzed products.

Are internally consistent forecasts rational?

AbstractEconomic forecasts, such as the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF), are revised multiple times before realization of the target. This paper studies the sources of forecast revisions. By decomposing the fixed‐event forecast error into a rational component due to unanticipated future shocks and an irrational component due to measurement error in acquired information or forecasters' reactions, we derive the conditions under which fixed‐event forecasts that contain an irrational forecast error can still possess the second moment properties of rational forecasts. We show that internal consistency of fixed‐event forecasts depends on the magnitude of the rational and irrational components in the revisions. As such, fixed‐event forecasts subject to irrational error may still be internally consistent, although they are not rational, as evidence in many empirical studies. We illustrate our methodology with the SPF inflation forecasts data. Our results show evidence of a sizeable and heterogeneous irrational forecast error component across forecast horizons and a high irrational‐to‐news ratio for most forecasters. This finding also provides insight into why forecast revision effort is not always fully compensated by revision reward.

SIMULATION OF VAPN OPENING IN SLAG OF THE STEEL STEELING IN EAF OXIDATION PERIOD

An important problem in improving the slag mode of steelmaking in EAF is the substantiation of the rational component and chemical composition of fluxes that form the slag phase, the properties of which provide high performance and an energy-efficient mode of electric steelmaking. The kinetics of dissolution of lime in the slag of the oxidation period of steelmaking in EAF was studied by introducing a high-temperature furnace model (40 kg; LPZ-67 with periclase lining) onto the surface of the bath using limestone fractions of 3 and 10 mm with different degrees of firing.

Emotions in War: The Emotionality-Rationality Equation in Clausewitz’s Theory of War

Clausewitz introduced an inclusive equation between emotionality and rationality with regards to the debates on the causality and practice of war in modern strategic thought. In Clausewitz’s theory of war, war is a process of governmentality composed by three types of actors: states directing war (leaders and decision-makers), armies executing war (combatants), and people supporting war financially and morally (societies). In this trinitarian scheme, war is a continuous, mutually constitutive interactional process with emotional and rational components both between conflicting parties, and within each side. The aim of this article is to discuss how Clausewitz integrated the emotion-reason equation in his theory of war, to explain through an actor-level analysis how emotions affect, change, and transform war, and lastly to discuss the mutual constitutive relationship between wars and emotions in the contemporary global durable disorder.

Політика ідентичності як чинник міжнародних конфліктів (кейс Нагірного Карабаху)

The present article is devoted to the problem of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. It investigates the place of identity politics in the processes of its conflict management. It is concluded that identity politics is one of the main factors in the conflict, which hinders its resolution and is not taken into account by the states parties of the negotiation process. This factor is expressed in nationalist rhetoric, which, in general, appeals to the people’s emotions of both conflicting parties and disputed territories. The rhetoric is based on the interpretation of historical events and phenomena, as well as cultural features. This situation makes the conflict «irrational», minimizing the possibility of using the tools of diplomacy, eliminating the possibility of compromise and increasing the possibility of military confrontation. Awareness of the unambiguous positions of the parties to the conflict, their reluctance to seek compromise solutions acts as a «key» to solving this problem. It requires a change in approach to the settlement process. The author proposes an approach within which the existing problems and the status quo are rethought in the categories of «past-future» as opposed to the existing logic of «friend-enemy». In practice, this approach can be implemented by gradually rethinking the imperatives of thinking of political elites, which contain a conflict component and, in the long run, changing the way of thinking of political elites. This process should be provided by representatives of civil society and business because of their direct effect on the public opinion and general rhetoric about the problem. This approach can help to integrate a «rational component» in resolving this conflict. Increasing the influence of external players on the development of these areas (primarily by financing joint Armenian-Azerbaijani scientific, cultural, business, infrastructure, etc. projects) in the long run may change those components of national identities of conflicting parties that generate aggressive rhetoric. It is important to note that the concerted actions of the OSCE Minsk Group should be the driving force behind these changes.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ВИТОКІВ ВИНИКНЕННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ ЕМОЦІЙНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ЯК ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО КОНСТРУКТА

The article is devoted to the disclosure of theoretical and methodological principles of the origins and development of emotional intelligence as a psychological construct. It is noted that researchers call their construct "emotional intelligence", while the views of scientists on the psychological nature of the phenomenon under study differ. On the one hand, their approaches complement each other, and on the other hand, they contradict each other. Meanwhile, a common feature of existing approaches to the definition of emotional intelligence is the understanding of this construct as the ability to adequately diagnose, understand and manage emotions. It is about the subject's own emotions and other people's emotions. Thus, modern concepts of emotional intelligence reflect the tendency to combine the irrational component of the human psyche (emotions, intuition) and the rational component (thinking, analysis, logic). Intelligence and emotions thus interact, emphasizing their complementarity rather than antagonistic relationships. All psychological approaches that describe the relationship between intellect and emotions indicate the cognitive definition of emotional manifestations of personality. Determinants are such personality qualities as the ability to evaluate and interpret events and conditions that occur (own and others), the ability to assess and anticipate the necessary and available resources to achieve this goal. Emotional intelligence is an essential mental resource of man.It helps to increase the effectiveness of activities by understanding and regulating emotions on the one hand, and improving interaction with the social environment by recognizing the emotions of others and managing them – on the other. Moreover, in stressful situations, this type of intelligence allows you to optimize energy costs, manage stressors, gain useful experience, more effectively solve problems. Emotional intelligence is not a constant value and can be successfully developed as a result of specially designed programs or through life experience.

ЛИЦО И РЕПУТАЦИЯ: ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

The paper deals with reputation and face treated as emotional and rational evaluation and self-evaluation of a person correlating with their respect and self-respect. The most important features of respect/disrespect reflect its deontic character and focus on the correlation of respect/disrespect and affection/disaffection. The emotional component of this attitude is its basis, whereas the rational component is its addition. The feeling of self-respect is actualized if it may be threatened. The descriptions of reputation usually contain expressed or inferred motivation for such attitude. Reputation may be a masque meant to hide real motives of behavior. The correlation between respect/disrespect and reputation may be presented as an opposition of process Vs result and content Vs form when we describe the attitude to a person, or group, or organization. Reputation is connected with external signs – someone’s good or bad name. A speech act description of reputation and face includes the contradistinction of sincere and formal behavior in a situation of a threat to respect and selfrespect of a person. Conceptualization of face is predominantly determined by the norms of certain communities in a certain epoch.

Про формування первинної структури та властивостей економнолегованих хромомарганцевих сплавів у литому стані

The purpose of the work is to study the peculiarities of the influence of the chemical composition on the formation of the primary structure and properties of chromium-manganese alloys. Piercing mandrels belong to the replaceable tool of hot deformation, the operational characteristics of which affect the productivity of pipe rolling mills and the quality of finished products. The costs of the hot deformation tool are a component of the cost price of metal products, so the interest in increasing their operational stability is constantly growing. The development of a rational component composition of alloys is based on ideas about the peculiarities of the course of structural and phase transformations during crystallization, heat treatment, as well as under the influence of high temperatures and loads during operation. To develop an effective mode of final heat treatment of wear-resistant products, one should have an idea about the quality of the cast material and its primary structure, in particular by determining the dynamics of changes in indicators, the formation of which is due to liquidation phenomena. The purpose of the work is to study the peculiarities of the influence of the chemical composition on the formation of the primary structure and properties of chromium-manganese alloys. The peculiarities of the formation of the cast structure, phase composition, and properties of economically alloyed chromium-manganese alloys intended for the manufacture of piercing mandrels have been studied. According to the results of tests on frictional wear, it was established that chromium-manganese alloys have higher wear resistance compared to cast iron of the 300Cr32Ni3V and the “nikorin” alloy (36.0–38.0 % Cr; 57.0–59.0 % Ni). According to the results of the X-ray spectral analysis, it was established that in the structure of the experimental alloys, the highest values of the liquidation coefficients are characteristic of Ni, V and Cu. With an increase in the content of C, Mn, Cr, and Ni, the degree of doping of the matrix and carbides increases, which leads to an increase in the wear resistance of the chromium-manganese alloys. The obtained results with a high probability allow us to state that the further development of effective modes of final heat treatment of the proposed chromium-manganese alloys will ensure an increase in the operational stability of the piercing mandrels of pipe rolling mills while simultaneously reducing the material costs for their manufacture.

Institutionalising city networking: Discursive and rational choice institutional perspectives on membership of transnational municipal networks

This article analyses participants’ reasoning for their city’s membership in transnational municipal networks and the extent to which this changes over time. Theoretically, we build on new-institutional theory and conclude that although parts of the members’ reasoning have rational components, a discursive institutional perspective improves the understanding of cities’ membership of transnational municipal networks. This perspective uncovers how important aspects of transnational municipal network participation are motivated by a different logic than that of measurable output. Cities use transnational municipal networks as sources of internal and external legitimacy, to legitimatise their position in domestic politics and their international position among other ‘global’ cities.

John Locke’s Philosophy as a Teaching about Human and their Behavior

Purpose. The article is aimed to outline Locke’s position on the basic principles of proper human behavior. Its implementation involves: a) review of the research literature concerning the place of anthropological motive in philosophizing and b) research of his interpretation of human nature and the role of the rational component. Theoretical basis. The author’s approach is based on the conceptual provisions of phenomenology and existentialism. Originality. The work considers the teaching of Locke as the author of the original concept of human nature, which is closely related to the understanding of ethical issues. It is proved that its meaningful development involves the identification of the main components of human nature in the process of determining the basic principles of personality behavior. The original conception of the thinker on the irrational component of human nature and the ways of its rationalization is analyzed. Conclusions. It is substantiated that Locke’s philosophical heritage is not reduced to depersonalized empiricism as epistemology, and his teaching about human is not limited to the abstract study of their rational component. The thinker connects the request of his own epoch with the new vision of human and the basic principles of their behavior on the basis of rationality. Locke is looking for the ways to master the irrational component of human nature and is convinced that in the era of the scientific revolution, the basis of human behavior should be rationality. Locke considers human freedom to be one of the key moments of human nature.

Comprehensive Counseling Guidance Model In Providing Pre-Marriage Services For Students

Premarital education for students is considered necessary because, at this time, a person must be prepared to enter married life. Premarital education is one of the preparations that can be done by early adults in marriage and has a goal in preventing divorce. This study aims to formulate a hypothetical comprehensive guidance and counselling program to improve students' self-readiness in facing marriage and family life. This type of research is development research or Research and Development methods, namely research strategies used to produce specific products. This research will be conducted at Padang State University, namely to students of Special Education, Faculty of Education. The results of this study are (1) In general, special education department’s students of the Faculty of Education, Padang State University, as early adults, have less interest in preparing for their marriage. (2) The comprehensive premarital guidance and counselling model for students developed in this study is formulated from a theoretical framework based on field findings, consisting of 7 rational components, key concepts, vision & mission, model objectives, the content of guidance and counselling, control, and organization & personnel. (3) Based on the model validation test conducted by three counsellors on the General Guidelines for the Development of Comprehensive Premarital Guidance and Models for Students, it shows that the contents of the general guidelines are categorized as suitable or adequate.