Ratio Of Soluble Solids Research Articles

Effect of relative humidity and light exposure on fluorescence compound dynamics, soluble solid and acidity of Japanese Citrus Iyokan during postharvest treatment

The Miyauchi iyokan (iyokan) citrus fruit is typically harvested in late December to prevent damage from the winter weather. At the time of harvest, the ratio of Soluble Solids (SS) to acid content is generally low, commonly used to assess the quality of the juice. Therefore, the goal during postharvest treatment is to decrease the acid content and improve the SS levels. The quality of citrus can be influenced by environmental factors such as relative humidity (RH) and exposure to light, so it is important to monitor their effects. Hence, this study aims to observe the changes in internal quality indicators, such as the SS/acid ratio and fluorescence compounds, under different RH and light conditions to understand how the citrus characteristics are affected. The postharvest treatment involved storing the citrus fruit at temperatures between 5-10°C for two months under various conditions i.e., in the dark and exposed to light, with high RH (80-90%) and low RH (40-50%). The SS/acid ratio did not show significant changes during the two months of storage under any treatments. However, the high RH condition resulted in a slightly higher SS/acid ratio. Similarly, the Tryptophan-like compound did not exhibit any significant response to the different treatments. However, the intensity of fluorescence from polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) was higher in the dark treatment compared to the light treatment. PMFs play various roles in signaling and defense mechanisms in plants. Additionally, there was a notable increase in PMFs after thirty days of storage, indicating a response to light-induced stress.

AGRONOMIC YIELD AND POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF BABY CORN UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

Baby corn is a growing crop in the agricultural setting, however there is still a lack of research in the area of fertilization, especially nitrogen fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization on agronomic yield and quality of baby corn. Outlined in randomized blocks with four replications, the treatments consisted of five levels of nitrogen fertilization (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150%), based on the recommended dose for green corn crop (150 kg ha-1 of N). After harvesting, the following agronomic variables were evaluated: Number, productivity, dry matter, length and diameter of commercial and non-commercial spikelets. And the variables of post-harvest quality were: Soluble Solids, Titratable Acidity, Ratio of soluble solids and titratable acidity, Hydrogen-ion potential and firmness. Nitrogen fertilization at 150 kg ha-1 resulted in an increase in the total number of spikelets per hectare, around 405,000. There was an increase in productivity due to the increasing levels of nitrogen fertilization, with maximum yield of 4.4 t ha-1 at a dose of 165 kg ha-1 of N. The soluble solids content presented a maximum of 10.05 ° Brix with the N applied to 222 kg ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization around 150 to 165 kg ha-1 increases the agronomic yield of the crop, without affecting its characteristics of quality.

Agronomic performance, flowering, physicochemical characteristics and genetic divergence in garlic accessions from Brazil

The evaluation of garlic accessions is important in the search for superior, adapted and flowering cultivars for botanical seed production. The objective of this work was to assess the agronomic performance, flowering capacity and genetic divergence of 13 experimental garlic accessions bred in Brazil. The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized block design with four replications at Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil from May to October 2018. A total of 11 accessions were experimental and two were control varieties, Quitéria and Caçador. The control varieties are commercially produced in Brazil and the 11 experimental accessions are elite. The emergence, emergence speed index, plant height, percentage of overcrowding, average weight of commercial bulb, number of bulbs per bulb, total yield, commercial yield, flowering percentage, length and diameter, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and ratio soluble solids and titratable acidity of the exhaust floral were measured. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (p≤0.05), and when significant the effects of genotypes, their means grouped by the Scott-Knott test. We also proceeded to study genetic divergence through multivariate analysis, adopting the canonical variables technique. Variance analysis indicated significant differences between genotypes for emergence speed index, flowering percentage, floral scape diameter, floral scape length and commercial yield. The highest commercial yield and flowering percentage were observed in RAL (8.82 t ha-1) and DDR 6024 (80.92%) access, respectively, which differed only from commercial cultivars (Quitéria and Caçador). The greatest genetic divergence was verified between experimental accessions and commercial cultivars. The experimental accessions presented flowering potential and botanical seed production in the studied region

The PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PROMISING PLUM (Prunus domestica L.) GENOTYPES BRED AT FRUIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE, ČAČAK

Five plum hybrids (38/62/70, IV/63/81, 32/21/87, 34/41/87 and 22/17/87) and newly released cultivar ‘Nada’, obtained by planned hybridisation and singled out within breeding programme at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, were assessed for the main physical (fruit and stone weight and flesh percentage), chemical (soluble solids content, total and inverted sugars content, sucrose content, total acids content, pH value of fruit juice, ratio of soluble solids and total acids content and ratio of total sugars and total acids content) and sensorial (attractiveness, taste, aroma and consistency) traits compared with the standard cultivar ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ. Results showed that the studied plum genotypes differed significantly in all of the assessed traits. Regarding the physical features, the best results were shown by hybrid 38/62/70, which had the highest fruit weight (56.92 g) and flesh percentage (96.91%), as well as by the new cultivar ‘Nada’, for which a larger fruit was observed in comparison to the standard (45.54 g and 42.24 g, respectively). Also, ‘Nada’ had better sensorial properties such as attractiveness, taste, aroma and consistency in relation to the other promising hybrids and the standard cultivar. From the aspect of all the studied sensorial characteristics, in addition to ‘Nada’, only hybrid 38/62/70 was aligned with the standard cultivar. Out of the studied genotypes, late ripening hybrid 22/17/87 had the best values of parameters of fruit chemical composition such as the soluble solids content (17.01%), total and inverted sugars contents (12.31% and 8.96%, respectively). The highest sucrose content (3.39%), pH value of fruit juice (3.51), as well as the highest ratio between soluble solids and total acids content (43.72) and ratio between total sugars and total acids content (32.58) were found in cultivar ‘Nada’. The highest total acids content (1.42%) was recorded in hybrid 32/21/87. Compared to ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ, the same or better results in terms of the fruit chemical composition were determined in cultivar ‘Nada’ and hybrids 34/41/87 and 22/17/87. The study revealed existence of significant correlations between individual studied parameters of the fruit physical, chemical and sensorial properties.

Pineapple yield and fruit quality in response to potassium fertilization

The pineapple (Ananas comosus L.), originally from South America, is the third most produced fruit in Brazil. The potassium nutrient plays a fundamental role on the fruit quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of potassium doses applied to the soil on fruit yield and on the physical and chemical characteristics of the Pérola pineapple cultivar. The design used randomized block design with four repetitions; the treatments consisted of five doses of K2O: 0; 222; 444; 666 and 888 kg ha−1 applied in the form of potassium chloride, divided into two applications, after floral induction. The evaluated variables were: fruit yield per hectare and pulp, fruit and crown fresh mass, fruit diameter, fruit and crown lengths, titratable acidity, soluble solids, vitamin C, juice pH and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio. Potassic fertilization increased the yield of both fruit and pulp per hectare, the fruit and crown fresh mass, the diameter of the fruit, the lengths of the fruit and crown, titratable acidity, soluble solids, vitamin C and decreased the ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity in the juice. The rise in potassium nutrition improves the quality and yield aspects of the pineapple ‘Pérola’ fruit.

Pêssego: Características Físico-Químicas e Conteúdo de Compostos Bioativos

Originário da China, o pessegueiro foi uma das espécies de clima temperado que mais rapidamente se expandiu pelo mundo, sendo também considerado símbolo da longevidade. Embora a maioria das regiões produtoras esteja entre as latitudes de 30o N e 45°S, o pessegueiro é uma das mais importantes espécies frutíferas de clima temperado exploradas no Brasil. Assim como outros frutos, o pêssego apresenta compostos bioativos, mas que ainda pouco tem se estudado. Por isto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas enfocando na composição de compostos bioativos, de cultivares de pêssego utilizado no processamento nas indústrias região sul do RS. Para isto foram escolhidas três cultivares de pêssegos de duas safras 2008/2009 e 2009/2010; Santa Áurea, Esmeralda e Maciel. Os frutos foram provenientes de produtores da região de Pelotas/RS, e cultivados pelo sistema de rastreabilidade da fruta. Foram avaliados pH, acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), relação SS/AT, total de carotenoides, carotenoides individuais, total de compostos fenólicos, compostos fenólicos individuais e total de antocianinas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a cultivar Esmeralda apresentou SS/AT: 20,0 (safra 2008/2009) e a Santa Áurea (safra 2009/2010) uma relação de SS/AT: 17,2. Com relação ao teor de acidez, a cultivar que se destacou foi Esmeralda. A cultivar Esmeralda também apresentou maior teor de ácido gálico com relação as demais cultivares, em ambas as safras avaliadas. Em relação ao conteúdo de carotenoides, as cultivares Esmeralda (6,72 mg de β-caroteno.100g-1) e Maciel (5,97 mg de β-caroteno.100g-1) apresentaram valores superiores, ambas na safra 2009/2010.

Postharvest quality of tomato as affected by nitrogen and sulfur interaction

Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are nutrients that, in addition to influencing plant growth and production, interfere with processes related to postharvest fruit quality. In the present study, N x S interaction was evaluated in the postharvest quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using 5 dm3 capacity vessels containing a 0-20 cm layer of a dystropherric Red Latosol. A 5 x 3 factorial design was used, with combinations of five doses of N (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) and three doses of S (0, 60 and 120 mg dm-3) distributed in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. After harvest, the attributes of fruit quality were evaluated: firmness, pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), soluble solids ratio and titratable acidity (SS / AT), vitamin C, lycopene and beta-carotene. An increase in firmness was observed, as well as the content of soluble solids, titratable acidity and the SS / AT ratio of the fruits as a result of the interaction N x S. However, this interaction favoured the reduction of the contents of vitamin C, lycopene and beta-carotene, and the quality characteristics of tomato fruit in relation to the recommended values. Only the increasing doses of N favoured a higher pH in the tomato fruits.

QUALITY INDEX AND HARVEST MATURITY OF Eugenia cibrata FRUITS

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize and determine the quality index and the harvest maturity of Eugenia cibrata fruits. Fruits were harvested at 39, 41 and 43 days after sprouting and selected by the larger size. Fruits ripened on the plant until complete abscissions were considered standard for determining the quality index after harvest. Samples were analyzed at harvest day and at two days of storage at temperature of 26 ± 2 ° C and relative humidity of 85-90%. The following items were evaluated: firmness, number of seeds, longitudinal and transversal diameter, shape index, weight of seeds, pulp and fruit, titratable acidity (TA ), soluble solids (SS), ascorbic acid, TA / SS ratio and pulp yield. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split plot scheme in time, with additional treatment. E. cibrata fruit is a round berry with 0.98 shape index; mass of 24.28 g, green epicarp and white endocarp. The maturity stage identified as ideal for harvest occurred from 43 days after flower opening (anthesis). Fruits selected among those with larger sizes also reached physiological maturity and quality similar to those ripened on the plant. The quality index of E. cibrata is pH 2.88; soluble solids of 3.7%; titratable acidity of 3.38% in citric acid; ascorbic acid of 77.05 mg 100g-1, TA / SS ratio of 1.09 and pulp yield of 72.01%.

Modified atmosphere together with refrigeration in the conservation of bananas resistant to black Sigatoka

The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of the Caipira and Pakovan Ken cultivars of the banana (Musa spp.), resistant to black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet), both with and without low-density polyethylene wrapping and together with refrigeration during the period of post-harvest storage. The experiment was carried out in 2012, in a randomised block design and an arrangement of lots split over time. A 3 x 2 factorial scheme was used for the lots, consisting of fruit with no wrapping and fruit wrapped in 10 and 16 μm polyethylene film, and two cultivars, Caipira and Pakovan Ken. The sub-lots consisted of evaluations made at intervals of six days (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24) and of two days (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8), for fruit stored at temperatures of 12, 15 and 25 °C respectively. The following variables were evaluated: soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity, hydrogen potential, total soluble sugars, fruit colouration and sensory analysis. The polyethylene film together with the refrigeration enabled the fruit to be stored for 24 days, maintaining post-harvest characteristics suitable for consumption. The Pakovan Ken cultivar stood out when compared to the Caipira, with higher values for the fruit attributes under evaluation.

Influencia del porta-injertos y la época de cosecha sobre la calidad de pomelo (Citrus paradisis Macfad) variedad Rio Red

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of harvest time on fruit quality of the Rio Red grapefruit variety (Citrus Paradisis L) grafted on four rootstocks at the experimental field of the faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split plot arrangement, with the main plot the harvest months (April, May and June) and the secondary plots rootstocks [Orlando Tangelo (Citrus tangerine Hort. ex Tanaka x Citrus Macfad paradisi.), rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Luch), Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) and Citrange C35 (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Ruby)] and four replications. Were harvested 10 fruits per experimental unity and evaluated morphological (diameter and shape of the fruit) and organoleptic characteristics (percentage of juice, bagasse, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and ratio soluble solids: acidity. The results showed the influence of rootstock on the organoleptic quality of the Rio Red grapefruit, which is the lowest percentage of juice, but in bagasse performed a higher percentage, soluble solid and acidity. While the highest percentage of juice and soluble solids occurred in the months of April and May. The highest percentage of acidity was presented in April.

Quality of yellow passion fruit juice with cultivation using different organic sources and saline water

ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted in field in the municipaly Remigio, state of the Paraiba, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of the use of saline water for irrigation, bovine biofertilizer and mulch on the chemical characteristics of the fruits of yellow passion fruit. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 x 2, three replications and three plants per experimental unit. Study material consisted of irrigation with water is not saline (0.50 dS m –1 ) and saline (4.50 dS m –1 ), with and without application of bovine biofertilizer, with and without mulch. The use of bovine biofertilizer reduced the negative action of the salts, increasing the pH, soluble solids and vitamin C in fruits of yellow passion fruit. The veal and mulching biofertilizer did not affect the titratable acidity values in passion fruit with an increased salt content of water. The content of vitamin C in fruits did not change with the use of mulch and biofertilizer veal. The ratio soluble solids / acidity of the passion fruit was reduced with the use of organic inputs and soil cover by applying saline water for irrigation of plants. The increasing salinity of irrigation water increased the electrical conductivity of the juice, regardless of the application of fertilizer and use of mulch.

Effect of photo-selective nettings on post-harvest quality and bioactive compounds in selected tomato cultivars

Photo-selective coloured netting is referred to as a 'new agro-technological' concept adopted to manipulate light quality changes that can induce favourable responses in plants. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars AlvaV, Irit and SCX 248 grown under the black net (commercial net, 25% shading) showed higher weight loss, loss of firmness, ascorbic acid content and decline in the ratio of soluble solids content/titrable acidity during post-harvest storage (low-temperature storage at 10°C and 90% relative humidity for 21 days followed by market shelf conditions at 25°C for 2 days). During post-harvest storage, lycopene, β-carotene, total phenolic content and antioxidant scavenging activity were higher in cvs AlfaV and Irit grown under the black or pearl nets. However, the β-carotene, total phenolic content and antioxidant scavenging activity were higher in SCX 248 grown under the red net during post-harvest storage. Cultivar AlfaV grown under the red and pearl nets had a higher number of odour active aroma compounds during post-harvest storage. Panellists preferred cv. AlfaV grown under the pearl nets after storage based on taste, overall appearance and firm textured fruits. Pearl photo-selective nets retained the overall fruit quality and bioactive components in cvs AlfaV and Irit during post-harvest storage. Red photo-selective nets, however, showed greater influence on retention of overall fruit quality and bioactive compounds in cv. SCX 248 during post-harvest storage.

Physic-chemical characteristics of potato cultivars on organic system

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of potatoes from different cultivars grown in greenhouse under organic system. Tubers were coming from Guarapuava (PR), and cultured in 1.5 L pots with a commercial substrate base shells processed, expanded vermiculite, peat processed and enriched. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications and three treatments represented by Agata, Atlantic and BRS Clara. The samples were analyzed by means of moisture, dry matter, pH, soluble solids, soluble solids ratio and acidity, total acidity, ash, crude fiber, lipids, proteins, starch, water activity, high sugar and calorie fraction. BRS Clara had the lowest concentrations of carbohydrates and calories, and thus contributes to products for consumers in need of weight control. The cultivars Atlantic and Agate had the highest dry matter, 18.72% and 16.67%, respectively and BRS Clara analyzed obtained average rate of 13.66% dry matter. Thus, cultivars Atlantic and agate can be set to produce “chips” potato, as a greater total solids content provides a lower frying oil retention, improving texture, color and flavor of the final product. And BRS Clara can be recommended for use for baked goods, preserves, where they want to keep the

Effects of Boron and Paclobutrazol on Growth, Fruit Set, Nutrient Uptake, and Alternate Bearing of Muye Red Bayberry

Alternate bearing, resulting mainly from boron (B) deficiency, and excessive fruits in the alternate years of red bayberry trees are the most important limiting factors for production. This investigation was conducted on 18-year-old Muye red bayberry trees (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zuca) in a commercial red bayberry orchard located in Laxi County, Zhejiang Province in 2006–2007.The results indicated that foliar application of paclobutrazol (PB) significantly increased the vegetative growth parameters (i.e., spring shoot incident and spring shoot length). Spring shoot incidents and spring shoot lengths of red bayberry were increased with increasing PB concentrations, but the optimum fruit yield and quality were obtained from foliar-applied PB at 100–200 mg L−1 at full bloom. Foliar application of PB increased the contents of N and K in the leaves with increases of PB concentrations up to 300–600 mg L−1. Fruit quality of red bayberry trees treated with PB or and boron fertilizer (BF) was improved at full bloom. Foliar application of PB reduced the percentage of fruit set by 62.1% in the year after treatment with PB but increased the yield by 49.0% the following year. Foliar application of PB at 100–300 mg L−1 gave the most significant improvement in fruit quality: increase in fruit weight, soluble solid content, and the ratio of soluble solids (SS) / total acidity (TA) and decrease in total acidity. Foliar application of BF slightly reduced the fruit yields in the current year but significantly increased those the following year. Combined application of BF and PB or application of PB alone markedly reduced the fruit yields in 2006 by 40.5% and 43.8%, respectively, but markedly increased those by 44.6% and 17.8% in 2007, respectively. The effects of alleviating alternate bearing of red bayberry for different treatments followed the order of combined application of FB + PB > PB > BF > control. It is suggested that PB and BF can be used to alleviate alternate bearing.

Effect of post-harvest ethephon applications on ripening and physiology of persimmon fruits at various stages of maturity

SummaryFruits of a commercial cultivar of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) were harvested at four different maturity levels and treated with ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), by dipping for varying lengths of time. The results indicated that dipping time had no effect on any of the measured characters and that the dry matter content of the fruits was not affected by any of the treatments. Fruit firmness and pedicel removal force decreased as a result of both ethephon treatment and maturity level at harvest. Percentage weight loss, pH, titratable acidity and soluble solids were significantly affected by maturity level but ethephon effect on these characters was minimal. The ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity was found to be a poor indicator of maturity. It was concluded that although ethephon applications positively affected fruit ripening in persimmons, endogenous factors controlling natural ripening had a much greater effect.