Hemolysis Ratio Research Articles

Super Porous Carboxymethyl Cellulose–Tannic Acid (TA@CMC) Cryogels with Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and α-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition Abilities

Here, super porous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) cryogels were synthesized in 10–100% crosslinker and the presence of TA, at varying amounts of TA, e.g., 10 and 25 wt% of CMC under cryogenic conditions (−20 °C) as TA@CMCs. To control the degradation of CMC cryogel networks, the crosslinking ratio of divinyl sulfone (DVS:X) to CMC varied at 10, 25, 50, and 100% moles of the CMC repeating unit. Higher hydrolytic degradation was observed for CMC 10%X cryogels at pH 1.0 with 28.4 ± 1.2% weight loss. On the other hand, the TA-release studies from TA@CMC-based cryogels showed that higher TA releases were observed for both TA@CMC 10% and 25% cryogels at pH 7.4, with 23.6 ± 1.1, and 46.5 ± 2.3 mg/g in 480 min, which are equal to almost 24% and 18% of the TA contents of the corresponding cryogels, respectively. The antioxidant properties of TA@CMC cryogels were examined, and worthy antioxidant properties were observed due to the TA. The alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition ability of the prepared cryogels was examined at different concentrations by grinding cryogels, and it was determined that TA@CMC 25% cryogel at 3 mg/mL concentration inhibited 70.4 + 1.3% of the enzyme. All bare CMC-based cryogels were found to be non-hemolytic with a less than 1% hemolysis ratio and also effective on the blood coagulation mechanism with blood-clotting index (BCI) values between 62.1 and 81.7% at 1 mg/mL concentrations. On the other hand, TA@CMC 25% cryogels exhibited a slight hemolytic profile with a 6.1 ± 0.8% hemolysis ratio and did not affect the blood coagulation mechanism with 97.8 ± 0.4% BCI value.

High Performance Antibacterial Structure‐Tuned Hemofiltration Membrane for Facile Permeability of Blood Plasma During Plasmapheresis

ABSTRACTA microfiltration membrane is designed to separate blood cells without altering plasma composition. A vapor‐induced phase separation (VIPS) combined with compositional adjustment is used to create a structure‐tuned hemofiltration membrane. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP‐K90), polyethylene glycol (PEG400), and either water or chlorohexidine gluconate (CHG) solution are employed to regulate membrane structure and provide antibacterial enhancement. The preparation conditions involve a 5‐min VIPS process at moderate temperature and high humidity to craft the desired membrane structure. Morphological studies show that the membranes have an asymmetric sponge‐like structure with controlled surface pore sizes that effectively separate blood cells while enabling plasma passage. Complete blood count (CBC) analysis reveals that MH2 and MH3 membranes exhibit significant potential for blood cell separation, with 78% platelet (PLT) separation, 80% red blood cell (RBC) separation, and over 90% white blood cell (WBC) separation. Biochemical analysis of plasma substances confirms that components such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, albumin, high‐density lipoprotein, and low‐density lipoproteins pass through the MH series without significant concentration changes. The outcomes suggest that the MH series offers high blood compatibility as evidenced by coagulation times and hemolysis ratio. In addition, MTT data validates the biocompatibility of the membrane. Biofilm inhibition results and biofouling study confirmed that MH series, especially MH2 and MH3 exhibit superior characteristics and performance for plasmapheresis applications.

Tourmaline nanoparticles applying in chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol fibrous membrane for hemostatic and antibacterial wound dressing

The development of a wound dressing with good hemostatic and antibacterial properties is of great significance for functional wound healing. As possessing the negative charges, mineral tourmaline may be used as an additive to enhance the functionality of wound dressings. In this study, tourmaline/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (TM/CS/PVA) fibrous membrane was prepared through electrospinning technology. The addition of tourmaline nanoparticles (TM NPs) improved the mechanical properties, hydrophilicity and swelling properties of fibrous membrane (the swelling ratio was as high as 400 %). 5 %TM/CS/PVA fibrous membrane have a high porosity of 92.18 ± 2.71 %. The cytotoxicity and hemolysis ratio of 5 %TM/CS/PVA fibrous membrane are very low, demonstrating favorable biocompatibility. In vitro coagulation test showed that compared with CS/PVA fibrous membrane, the hemostatic effect of 5 %TM/CS/PVA fibrous membrane (BCI 18.59 ±1.62 %) was increased by 61.17 %. The antibacterial experiment showed that compared with CS/PVA fibrous membrane, the antibacterial activity (percentage inhibition) of fibrous membrane after adding TM NPs increased against E. coli and S. aureus were increased by 3.54 % and 34.27 %, respectively. This kind of fibrous membrane with hemostatic and antibacterial properties has potential application value as functional wound dressings.

Sulfonated polyphenylene oxide-based artificial lung membrane with prominent selectivity of CO2

The primary issues impeding oxygenation efficacy in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are low CO2/O2 selectivity and insufficient permeability of CO2. Herein, sulfonated polyphenylene oxide (SPPO) was chosen as a candidate for the oxygenation membrane material. The CO2-affinitive sulfonic acid groups on the molecular chain of SPPO enhance the interaction between CO2 and the SPPO membrane; thereby, the CO2/O2 selectivity is effectively enhanced. When the solid content of the casting solution is 23 %, the SPPO membrane achieves a CO2/O2 selectivity of 17.0, almost as selective as human alveoli. The blood clotting time, red blood cell adhesion, platelet adhesion, and hemolysis ratio were employed to evaluate the blood compatibility of SPPO materials. The results demonstrated that the manufactured SPPO membranes exhibited good hemocompatibility. This work offers novel thinking for researching and applying effective artificial lung membranes.

Zirconia encrusted ceramic composite membrane for uremic toxins removal: Fabrication and assessment of biocompatibility

In this study, tubular zirconia composite membranes (ZM1-ZM3) were developed using low-cost tubular substrate which was prepared utilizing naturally available clay materials by an extrusion approach. The zirconia nanoparticles were encrusted on a low-cost tubular substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. The membranes were investigated for their biocompatibility in addition to pore size, chemical stability, water permeability, porosity, contact angle, thermogravimetric (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Water permeability, pore size and porosity of optimized membrane (ZM3) were 3.05 × 10–4 ± 0.03 L.m-2.h-1.Pa-1, 119 ± 0.57 nm and 36 ± 0.12 %, respectively. Platelets adhesion and protein adsorption were measured to be 4630 ± 46 platelets.mm-2, and 1.05 ± 0.02 μg.cm-2 respectively, while the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were 80 ± 0.51 s and 27 ± 0.26 s, respectively. Complement activation C3 and C4 concentrations were assessed to be 76.2 ± 0.88 mg.dL-1 and 21.57 ± 0.80 mg.dL-1, respectively and hemolysis ratio was 0.31 ± 0.01 %. Moreover, the membrane had a considerable antifouling nature with a flux recovery ratio of 89.22 ± 0.58 %. Protein retention was found to be 81.14 ± 0.58 %, in addition to outstanding sieving coefficients of uremic toxins like urea (0.95 ± 0.005), creatinine (0.93 ± 0.004), and phosphate (0.90 ± 0.004). These findings suggest that the produced tubular zirconia composite membrane has the potency for hemofiltration.

Carboxymethylated yeast β-glucan: Biological activity screening in zebrafish, sprayable hydrogel preparation, and wound healing study in diabetic mice

Yeast β-glucan exhibits dramatic potential as wound healing regent owing to its various biological properties including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. But, the poor water solubility of yeast β-glucan limits its application. In this study, some carboxymethylated yeast β-glucans (CMGs) with different substitution degree was prepared. The effect of substitution degree on biological activities of carboxymethylated yeast β-glucan was investigated using zebrafish model. CMG3 with substitution degree 0.55 showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities in zebrafish. CMG3 also showed potential ability to promote angiogenesis and caudal fin regeneration. The cytotoxicity of CMG3 was investigated on L929 cells and the effect of CMG3 on cell migration was studied by scratch test. The hemolysis ratio of CMG3 was determined, and the in vitro antioxidant activity was studied. Next, CMG3 was used to prepare a sprayable hydrogel through a simple method, and the wound healing ability was studied using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model. The results indicated that CMG3-based sprayable hydrogel could accelerate wound healing in a diabetic mice and influence the expression of biomarkers related to inflammatory, macrophage polarization, and angiogenesis.

Thermo sensitive and pH responsive surface modulated transdermal green tea nanogel: Structural, physiochemical and in vitro safety investigations

An altered simplistic biomimetic whole green tea extract-loaded nanogel (GE-C-NGL) was fabricated possessing pH-responsive and temperature-dependent intracellular transdermal nanotherapy. A biocompatible chitosan nanogel subsequently surface modified with oleic acid aiding Pluronic 127 discharging green tea extract on transdermal delivery was evaluated in light of structural, physiochemical, thermal, and in vitro toxicological factors by optical class, index class and spectrophotometrically class, and in vitro cell line toxicological evaluations, which precisely elaborated the nanosize particle size range and significant drug entrapment suggesting a spherical and thermo stable nanogel system. Additionally, sustained drug release configuration is displayed in mildly acidic conditions (pH 6) signifying ultra-pH sensitivity of GE-C-NGL. Moreover, strong mucin binding ability, pH-dependent swelling efficiency, negligible hemolytic ratio, and high antioxidant activity were obtained for enhanced transdermal efficacy. The comprehensive augmented polymeric blend transdermal nanogel, in light of the above preclinical biological and toxicological evaluations, evidently targets transdermal potential with promising bacterial biodegradable nanodrug therapy in clinical platforms.

Fabrication of copper ion-substituted hydroxyapatite/Silk fiber/Methylcellulose composite: mechanical, antimicrobial, hemocompatibility, bioactivity and cytocompatibility evaluation

Herein, we reported the preparation of copper substituted hydroxyapatite (Cu-HAP) and fabrication of electrospun composites using Cu-HAP, SF (Silk fiber) and MC (Methylcellulose) by E-Spin method. Characterization techniques such as XRD (phase formation), FTIR (chemical bonds), SEM and EDAX (surface morphology and elemental composition) were carried out. Porosity measurement, swelling and mechanical properties were carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties of the fabricated electrospun composites. The hemocompatibility analysis indicated a hemolysis ratio < 2 %, which confirms the blood compatibility nature of the composite. Antibacterial activity of Copper hydroxyapatite/silk fiber/ Methylcellulose electrospun composite showed estimable activity against E.coli (zone of inhibition: 46 ± 0.94 mm) compared with pure SF/MC electrospun composite (33 ± 1.21). Bioactivity study confirmed the development of bone-like apatite on the surfaces of optimized (SF/MC 30 wt% of Cu-HAP) electrospun composite. Furthermore, MG63 cells were utilised to study the biocompatibility of the enhanced electrospun composite and good cell viability (99.93 ± 0.12 % using 25 μg/mL) was observed from microscopic image and the results showed that 30 wt% of Cu-HAP added polymer composite has outstanding osteoinductivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial results, making it a very valuable aspirant for use in bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications to repair bone defects.

Integrated Piezoelectric Vascular Graft for Continuous Real‐Time Hemodynamics Monitoring

AbstractVascular grafts, widely utilized in managing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), are susceptible to postoperative complications. Recent strides in intelligent vascular grafts leveraging flexible bioelectronics enable hemodynamic and vascular health monitoring. However, their practical application faces challenges, notably biomechanical compatibility and endothelialization. Here, an all‐in‐one piezoelectric vascular graft (PVG) constructed by encapsulating a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber mat with patterned silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes between two layers of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mats is presented. The meticulously optimized PVG, featuring PVDF and PCL nanofibers with average diameters of ≈950 and 250 nm, respectively, showcases remarkable endothelialization and mechanical performance akin to native blood vessels. The exquisite piezoelectric properties of PVDF nanofibers imbue PVG with outstanding mechanical sensing capabilities, boasting a sensitivity of 11 mV kPa−1 and stability exceeding 50 000 cycles, facilitating precise hemodynamic monitoring. Notably, artificial artery model tests demonstrate PVG's ability to diagnose vascular health status accurately based on detected hemodynamic data. Furthermore, the developed PVG exhibits nontoxicity, good hemocompatibility (hemolytic ratio &lt; 1%), and histocompatibility. This pioneering technology, validated through ex vivo and in vivo experiments, represents a significant stride in precise vascular health management, unlocking diverse potential applications.

PLGA-PEG Nanoparticles Loaded with Cdc42 Inhibitor for Colorectal Cancer Targeted Therapy.

Background/Objectives: An inhibitor of small Rho GTPase Cdc42, CASIN, has been shown to reduce cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, yet it has several limitations, including rapid drug elimination and low bioavailability, which prevents its systemic administration. In this study, we designed and characterized a nanoparticle-based delivery system for CASIN encapsulated within poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-carboxylic acid endcap nanoparticles (PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs) for targeted inhibition of Cdc42 activity in colon cancer. Methods: We applied DLS, TEM, and UV-vis spectroscopy methods to characterize the size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and in vitro drug release of the synthesized nanoparticles. The CCK-8 cell viability test was used to study colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro. Results: We showed that CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs were smooth, spherical, and had a particle size of 86 ± 1 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency of 66 ± 5% and a drug-loading capacity of 5 ± 1%. CASIN was gradually released from NPs, reaching its peak after 24 h, and could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 (IC50 = 19.55 µM), SW620 (IC50 = 9.33 µM), and HCT116 (IC50 = 10.45 µM) cells in concentrations ranging between 0.025-0.375 mg/mL. CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs demonstrated low hemolytic activity with a hemolytic ratio of less than 1% for all tested concentrations. Conclusion: CASIN-PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs have high encapsulation efficiency, sustained drug release, good hemocompatibility, and antitumor activity in vitro. Our results suggest that PLGA-PEG-COOH nanoparticles loaded with CASIN show potential as a targeted treatment for colorectal cancer and could be recommended for further in vivo evaluation.

Ultralight 3D silk nanofiber scaffolds with enhanced hemostatic properties and biocompatibility for rapid hemostasis

Developing an effective hemostatic material that combines excellent biocompatibility with high blood absorption capacity remains a critical clinical challenge. In this study, ultralight three-dimensional (3D) silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds, composed of continuously interconnected nanofibers, are introduced as a novel hemostatic material. The distinctive fluffy nanofiber architecture endows the scaffolds with a remarkable porosity of 78.9 % and exceptional liquid absorption capacity. The integration of montmorillonite (MMT) further enhances the hemostatic properties of the scaffolds, while SF naturally promotes the intrinsic coagulation pathway. The scaffolds exhibit an impressive blood absorption capacity of 1687.7 %. In vitro evaluations indicate that the SF nanofiber scaffolds exhibit a blood clotting index rate of 24.6 %, a hemolysis ratio of less than 4 %, and outstanding biocompatibility. The blood coagulation time is significantly reduced from 449 s to 230 s. Additionally, the scaffolds show adhesion rates to erythrocytes and platelets of 52 % and 45.9 %, respectively. The nanofiber scaffolds aggregate and activate platelets extensively, accelerating the formation of platelet emboli, which collectively contribute to their superior hemostatic performance. Consequently, these nanofiber scaffolds hold substantial promise as absorbable hemostatic agents for achieving rapid hemostasis in clinical applications.

On-Demand Removable Chitosan Based Self-Healing and Antibacterial Hydrogel for Delivery of Tetracycline and Curcumin As Potential Wound Dressing Material.

Wound care is a flourishing branch of healthcare wherein a great amount of research is devoted to develop competent wound dressings. Safe, cost-effective, and biocompatible dressings aid in wound healing without inflicting external trauma and subsequent scar formation. Toward this, we have attempted to develop robust wound dressing material with self-healing and antibacterial properties. We have cross-linked chitosan with 4-formyl phenylboronic acid (4-FPBA) and in situ generated dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) utilizing the dynamic imine and boronate ester linkages. Displaying a channeled microstructure in the SEM micrographs, the hydrogel exhibits a massive water uptake capacity of ∼900% at acidic pH. The hydrogel could completely self-heal within 3 min, and the results are further supported by rheological analysis. By virtue of positive surface charge, it shows a promising tissue adhesive property. Moreover, it affords clean and compliant removal from the wound surface via dissolution induced by dopamine to potentially reduce secondary scarring from peeling of wound dressings. The dressing could significantly act against skin infections caused by S. aureus bacteria with enhanced antimicrobial efficiency via loading of antibiotic drug, tetracycline hydrochloride. A sustained release of tetracycline and Curcumin was observed, which demonstrated the release ability for hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive agents. In-vitro studies revealed 93% cell viability with a hemolytic ratio as low as 2.5%, thereby presenting a good self-healing and biocompatible material for wound healing.

Magnetic biochar conjugated quaternary ammonium salt-constructed hemoperfusion adsorbent for viral removal with rapid and high-performance

Due to variations in virus structures and their high variability, treating viral infections remains challenging. Moreover, developing vaccines and medications for newly emerged viruses demands a significant time investment. Efficient methods are required to prevent dangerous infections caused by unknown pathogens. Hemoperfusion, with its low cost, can effectively remove toxins from the blood quickly, thus achieving therapeutic effects. The core of the hemoperfusion technology lies in the adsorbent. Therefore, the development of a viral adsorbent aiming to combat viruses through hemoperfusion was envisioned, following general principles to effectively save lives and buy time for the research and development of vaccines and medications. Towards this goal, a facile, green, and low-priced magnetic biochar/quaternary ammonium salt (Fe3O4/C-2) was constructed using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method. HIV lentiviruses were used as a model pathogen to quantify the adsorption capacity and elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Benefiting from a macroporous structure and electrostatic interactions, fabricated Fe3O4/C-2 has a high adsorption capacity (965 ng g−1) and strong suppression of infectious activity (99.99%). Moreover, a low hemolysis ratio (<2%), high cell viability (>100%), high activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (67.29 s), and low protein adsorption (<5%) indicate outstanding biocompatibility and good anticoagulant activity. Therefore, Fe3O4/C-2 is expected to serve as a simple and efficient pathogen sorbent for viral diseases treatment.

Self-healable, stimuli-responsive bio-ionic liquid and sodium alginate conjugated hydrogel with tunable Injectability and mechanical properties for the treatment of breast cancer

Designing stimuli-responsive drug delivery vehicles with higher drug loading capacity, sustained and targeted release of anti-cancer drugs and able to mitigate the shortcomings of traditional systems is need of hour. Herein, we designed stimuli-responsive, self-healable, and adhesive hydrogel through synergetic interaction between [Cho][Gly] (Choline-Glycine) and sodium alginate (SA). The hydrogel was formed as a result of non-covalent interaction between the components of the mixture forming the fibre kind morphology; confirmed through FTIR/computational analysis and SEM/AFM images. The hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical strength, self-healing ability, adhesive character and most importantly; adjustable injectability. In vitro biocompatibility of the hydrogel was tested on HaCaT and MCF-7 cells, showing >92 % cell viability after 48 h. The hemolysis ratio (<4 %) of the hydrogel confirmed the blood compatibility of the hydrogel. When tested for drug-loading capacity, the hydrogel show 1500 times drug loading for the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against the SA based hydrogel. In vitro release data indicated that 5-FU have more preference towards the cancerous cell condition, i.e. acidic pH (>85 %), whereas the drug-loaded hydrogel successfully killed the MCF-7 and HeLa cell with a <IC50–1.92 mM value. The studied hydrogel paves way towards controlled and sustained delivery of anti-cancer drug for the treatment of breast cancer.

Fabrication of metal-organic frameworks containing Cu2+ coated medical PVC catheters with durable antiplatelet and antibacterial activities

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheters are widely used in medical environments especially in blood-contacting devices. In this study, a copper containing MOF material was coated on a PVC catheter to endow it with antiplatelet adhesion and antibacterial activity for potential clinical applications. The immobilization of the coordination polymer containing Cu2+ (Cu-MOF) on the inner surface of PVC catheters was carried out using a bioinspired coating combined with a layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy. Characterization of the Cu-MOF modified surfaces was confirmed using micro-infrared spectroscopy (MIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle measurements (WCA). The resultant modified surfaces significantly reduced non-specific adsorption to model proteins with excellent anti-biofouling activity, as well as significantly inhibited the platelet adhesion and activation with superior antiplatelet activity. In vitro whole blood circulation test using a peristaltic pump also showed good antithrombotic properties. Besides, the Cu-MOF modified surfaces exhibited good hemocompatibility (hemolysis ratio < 5 %) and excellent antibacterial activity (approximately 97 % against S. auerus and E. coli). This study develops a simple and effective method for the surface modification of medical PVC catheter as potential blood-contacting biomaterials.

Optimizing alginate dressings with allantoin and chemical modifiers to promote wound healing

Wound healing requires diverse functionalities in dressings, and conventional materials often fall short in water absorption and moisture regulation. Natural sodium alginate is popular in wound dressings due to its excellent film-forming ability, biocompatibility, ionic crosslinking, and pH responsiveness. However, it has limitations in physical stability and solubility in aqueous environments. This study enhanced alginate dressings by incorporating allantoin and treating with calcium chloride and citric acid to improve physicochemical properties and mechanical performance. Treatments for S2 to S5 prevented dissociation and maintained integrity, with suitable water absorption (363 %–442 %) and water vapor transmission rates (612.53–715.39 g × m2 × day−1). The treatments also improved tensile strength (44.90–55.19 MPa). S2 had the highest migration ratio (52.71 %) of L929 cells and wound healing rates for mice skin (86.6 %), indicating that calcium chloride treatment is beneficial. All dressings (S1 to S5) exhibited low cytotoxicity against L929 cells and low hemolysis ratios, indicating good biocompatibility. Higher allantoin content improved wound healing efficacy. This study provides valuable insights for the design and development of alginate dressings in wound repair, expanding allantoin's application in wound healing.

Microneedle delivery system with rapid dissolution and sustained release of bleomycin for the treatment of hemangiomas

Hemangioma of infancy is the most common vascular tumor during infancy and childhood. Despite the proven efficacy of propranolol treatment, certain patients still encounter resistance or face recurrence. The need for frequent daily medication also poses challenges to patient adherence. Bleomycin (BLM) has demonstrated effectiveness against vascular anomalies, yet its use is limited by dose-related complications. Addressing this, this study proposes a novel approach for treating hemangiomas using BLM-loaded hyaluronic acid (HA)-based microneedle (MN) patches. BLM is encapsulated during the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres (MPs). The successful preparation of PLA MPs and MN patches is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The HA microneedles dissolve rapidly upon skin insertion, releasing BLM@PLA MPs. These MPs gradually degrade within 28 days, providing a sustained release of BLM. Comprehensive safety assessments, including cell viability, hemolysis ratio, and intradermal reactions in rabbits, validate the safety of MN patches. The BLM@PLA-MNs exhibit an effective inhibitory efficiency against hemangioma formation in a murine hemangioma model. Of significant importance, RNA-seq analysis reveals that BLM@PLA-MNs exert their inhibitory effect on hemangiomas by regulating the P53 pathway. In summary, BLM@PLA-MNs emerge as a promising clinical candidate for the effective treatment of hemangiomas.Graphical

Fabrication and hemostasis evaluation of a carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate/Resina Draconis composite sponge

Hemostasis is the first step of emergency medical treatment. It is particularly important to develop rapid-acting and efficacious hemostatic materials. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), sodium alginate (SA) and Resina Draconis (RD) were composited uniformly by polyelectrolyte blending. Their composite sponges (CMCS/SA/RD) were prepared by freeze-induced phase separation. CMCS/SA/RD sponges were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and their blood absorption and hemolysis ratio were analyzed. The hemostatic effect of the composite sponges was evaluated by coagulation in vitro and in vivo. The composite sponges had a porous network structure. The water absorption ratio was >8000 %, and hemolysis ratio was <5 %. CMCS/SA/RD-II and CMCS/SA/RD-III composite sponges shortened the coagulation time in vitro by 11.33 s and 9.66 s, the hepatic hemostasis time by 13.8 % and 23.3 %, and the hemostasis time after mouse-tail amputation by 28.9 % and 23.9 %, respectively. A preliminary study on its coagulation mechanism showed that CMCS/SA/RD had significant effects on erythrocyte adsorption, platelet adhesion, and shortening of the activated partial thromboplastin time.

Sr-doped CuFe2O4 nanoparticles: Exploring structural, magnetic, and blood compatibility characteristics

The aim of this study is to investigate the structural, magnetic, and blood compatibility properties of Sr2+ substituted for Cu2+ in Cu1−xSrxFe2O4 (x = 0.0 to 1 with a 0.25 increment) nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel auto-combustion technique. Regardless of the substitution rate, the sol-gel auto-combustion method consistently yields powders with sizes ranging from 20 to 40 nm. The specific surface area of the produced powders is determined as 12 m2/g. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that CuFe2O4 exhibits a singular phase; however, as the Sr2+ ion substitution increases, the emergence of various secondary phases becomes apparent, with their proportions increasing with the substitution rate. The magnetic characteristics of the synthesized powders exhibit variations in magnetization, correlating with the distribution of cations in the sublattice points. Coercivities are influenced by both anisotropy and secondary phases. Saturation magnetization decreases from 31.3 (CuFe2O4) to 7.6 (SrFe2O4) emu/g with Sr replacement. The lowest observed coercivity is 429.5 Oe in powders prepared with CuFe2O4 composition, while the highest is measured at 583.8 Oe in nanopowders prepared with Cu0.5Sr0.5Fe2O4 composition. Moreover, blood compatibility experiments indicate significantly low hemolysis ratios for Cu1−xSrxFe2O4 nanoparticles. Additionally, all examined samples exhibit an increase in Soret band intensity compared to the negative control test, suggesting potential biocompatibility.

Chitosan aerogel loaded with biogenic palladium nanoparticles CH/Pd NPs exert antibacterial activity and wound addressing application in vitro and in vivo against bacterial skin infections

Bacterial skin infections that infect wounds and burns are considered one of the most serious medical problems that lead to delay wound healing, toxicity and even death. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective pharmaceutical material that promotes the treating of skin bacterial infections. Within this, we aimed in this study to synthesis and assess the effectiveness of novel chitosan/palladium nanoparticles (CH/Pd NPs) aerogel composites in treating bacterial skin infections and wound healing. Green method was employed for synthesis of Pd NPs using Allium sativum (A. sativum) extract, while crosslinking process and freeze-drying cycle were utilized for preparation of CH/Pd NPs aerogel composites. The prepared Pd NPs and CH/Pd NPs aerogel composite were thoroughly characterized using UV–vis, FTIR, XRD and SEM. The GC–MS analysis revealed that the main components in the A. sativum were diallyl disulfide (55.88 %) and diallyl trisulfide (24.34 %) which were among the four identified components. Additionally, the total phenols and flavonoids contents were 61.3 mg GAE/100 g and 18.8 mg QE/100 g, respectively. The swelling capacity of CH/Pd NPs aerogel microspheres reach 400 % with blood compatibility and slightly hemolysis ratio about 0.4 %. In vitro, the antibacterial studies demonstrated that loading Pd NPs with CH aerogel microspheres enhanced their effectiveness against MDR bacteria with complete inhibition for all bacterial strains growth. The CH/Pd NPs aerogel microspheres exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. The biofilm inhibition percentage was found to be 87 % against the biofilm of S. aureus and 80 % against the biofilm of P. aeruginosa. In vivo infection model in rats, CH and CH/Pd NPs aerogel films stimulated skin tissue formation and healing wounds completely in 6 days with highly reduced in MDR and biofilm producing bacterial count. Finally, CH/Pd NPs aerogel composites represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the effective and enhanced healing of infected wounds.