Anion Ratio Research Articles

Alteration of sulfide ore of the Samolazovskoe deposit, Aldan shield, in an experimental bioleaching heap

The article contains the results of a mineralogical study of sulfide ores of the Samolazovskoe deposit (Aldan Shield) and the products of their experimental bacterial oxidation in a heap. Pyrite and marcasite are the major minerals of primary ores. They form fine-grained crystalline and micrometer-grained to cryptocrystalline aggregates. Sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, fahlore, luzonite, bournonite and other Sb sulfosalts, antimonite, arsenopyrite are minor minerals. Tiemannite, coloradoite, calaverite, hessite, petzite and native gold are rare. The ores in the experimental biooxidation heap are mostly altered in its upper parts. The secondary products of the alteration of ores include fine-grained Mg- and S-bearing calcite, smectites after feldspars, and films of Fe3+oxyhydroxides on the surface and in fractures of ore. In the lower part of the heap, technogenic processes are weak and mainly include the formation of gypsum . The sulfides are preserved throughout the heap vertical profile including very fine crystalline, colloform and botryoidal aggregates with a nonstoichiometric ratio of cations and anions and the presence of As, Ni and Cu. The botryoidal aggregates of the Fe disulfides contain galena, which forms a “microseptary” structure, which was not found in primary ores. The high-fineness native gold was found in assemblage with coloradoite and calaverite as inclusions in fine-grained aggregates of Fe disulfides. The conclusion is made on an insufficient impact of the bioleaching of refractory ores in the irrigation regime used, and forming of the secondary minerals that prevent the extraction of gold. Keywords: Samolazovskoe deposit, Aldan Shield, coloradoite, calaverite, native gold, refractory ores, bio-oxidation.

Evolution of PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Sources in Nanjing During the Implementation of the APPCAP

To acquire a deeper understanding about the impact of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (APPCAP) on ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), measurements of PM2.5 chemical components were conducted in the urban area of Nanjing during the implementation of the APPCAP. Evolution characteristics of several properties of the PM2.5 were studied, including the concentrations, proportions, and enrichment factors of major PM2.5 components and the acidity of the PM2.5. In addition, the source apportion of the PM2.5 was analyzed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The results showed that during the implementation of the APPCAP, the proportion of sulfate (SO42-) in PM2.5 decreased, whereas the proportions of nitrate (NO-3) and ammonium (NH+4) increased significantly together, from 25.58% in 2014 to 37.15% in 2017. The concentrations of carbon components (OC and EC) decreased in the early stage of the APPCAP; however, the decreasing trend slowed down in the later stage. In particular, the proportion of organic carbon (OC) increased, especially for the secondary organic carbon (SOC). The acidity of the PM2.5 decreased significantly, with the molar equivalent ratio of cations and anions increasing from 0.83 in 2014 to 1.13 in 2017. The contributions of coal combustion and the metallurgical and petrochemical industry to the PM2.5 generally showed a downward trend, whereas the contribution of vehicle emissions increased rapidly, from 8.78% in 2014 to 13.92% in 2017. The contribution of general fugitive dust fluctuated greatly, but that of soil fugitive dust showed an upward trend. This study suggested that the direct PM2.5 emissions, such as those from coal combustion and industries, were effectively controlled during the implementation of the APPCAP; however, the contribution of secondary aerosols became increasingly prominent, which indicates that future policies of PM2.5 pollution control should focus on emission reduction of the precursors such as NOx, NH3, and VOCs. In addition, the effects of increasing alkalization of the PM2.5 and enhanced oxidizability of the atmosphere on the PM2.5 pollution also require further attention.

Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 in Urban Nanjing, China

In this study, the water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was measured in the northern Nanjing city from 2015 to 2021. NH4+, NO3− and SO42− concentrations dominated in total WSIIs (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−), accounting for 87.8%. The nitrate with highest average concentration among all ions was 11.0 μg·m−3. Total WSIIs concentrations were higher in winter and lower in summer, with the highest levels in December (45.6 μg·m−3) and the lowest levels in August (15.1 μg·m−3). NO3−/SO42− was higher than 1, indicating the important contribution of mobile sources. The aerosols exhibited a weak acidic by the molar ratio of water-soluble anions and cations. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis results showed that secondary nitrate and sulfate were the major pollution sources in December 2016 and 2020. The contribution of secondary nitrate in 2020 increased by 47.6% compared to 2016, while that of secondary sulfate decreased by 42.4%. The potential source contribution results demonstrated that for secondary aerosol concentrations, the contribution of regional transport from north of Anhui increased, while the contribution of local emissions decreased. The results from this study could contribute to the better prevention and control of regional air pollution in the future.

ВЕРОЯТНЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ВЛИЯНИЯ ГУМИНОВЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ НА ПРОДУКЦИОННЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС ЗЕЛЕНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ

Humic substances, being, in fact, black liquor (a product of alkaline hydrolysis of organic matter of natural objects) and are a complex mixture of various organic compounds. They are able to accelerate the circulation of nutrients within plants, increase the permeability of cell membranes, exhibit detoxological properties, optimize the ratio of organic and mineral anions in plants, use some organic components of humic substances as nutrients in plant nutrition and induce the induction of gene expression.

Properties of Na-beta-alumina solid electrolyte with sodium bromide as the additive

Sodium bromide is used as an additive to modify the sintering and conductive properties of sodium beta alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) through the halogen effect. The present study investigates the effect of NaBr on the sintering behavior, phase composition, ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of BASE. BASE with a high content of NaBr showed a high open porosity, and retarded densification at higher temperature. BASE with a high proportion of NaBr also exhibited a low relative β''-phase content and a large c-lattice parameter. BASE with 1% ratio of Br anions was found to possess the largest proportion of abnormal grains in the microstructure among other BASEs, with the ratio of Br anions ranging from 0 to 2%. BASE with 1% ratio of Br anions also exhibited the highest conductivity and a better bending strength. These results are attributed to the volatilization of NaBr and the possible reaction between the Br anion and the Al–O bond at the particle surface. NaBr could effectively tailor the grain size and ionic transport at the grain boundary in BASE. Due to the less amount of grain-boundary phase and a suitable proportion of abnormal grains, BASE with 1% ratio of Br anions showed an excellent ionic conductivity of 1.01 mS cm−1 at 20 °C and a moderate bending strength of 186 MPa. This study suggests that the ionic conductivity in BASE can be increased by incorporating Br anions, and thus, offers some insights into the effect of anions on the properties of BASE.

HUMIC SUBSTANCES AND THE MECHANISM OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTION OF HIGHER GREEN PLANTS

The latest research proposed a new point of view about the material composition of so-called 'humic substances,' isolated from natural objects (soils, peats, sapropels, and composts) by alkaline solutions, and presented the conceptual model of direct influence of 'humic substances' on biochemical and biophysical processes into plants. 'Humic substances' are essentially black liquor, i.e., a product artificially obtained because of the alkaline hydrolysis of organic material from natural objects. Black liquor consists of a complex mixture of a variety of organic compounds. According to the proposed model, the biological activity of black liquor connects with accelerating the circulation of nutrients within plants, increasing the permeability of cell membranes, exhibiting de-toxicological properties, optimizing the ratio of organic and mineral anions in plants, and using some HS components as organic nutrients, inducing gene expression. Therefore, humic substances solutions have multifaceted effects on green vascular plants due to their direct influence on biochemical and biophysical processes.

(Digital Presentation) Importance of Electrified Interfaces in Researchable Metal Anode Batteries: Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Composition and Electrode Preconditioning

Electrode/electrolyte interface is an important part of many electrochemical systems, as its local structure, so called electric double layer (EDL), defines mechanism of charge transfer and stability of the device. Alkaline metal anodes possess high theoretical capacity due to ability of metal-ions to pack in the dense crystal structure, however, their application is rather limited due to formation of dendrites from non-uniform metal deposition and/or poor quality of the interphase. Experimentally, it was found that variation of ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte composition (salt concentration, presence of cosolvent) and applied current density for the formation cycling, i.e., cycling to activate electrode surface before utilisation, significantly affect dendritic growth and stability of metal anode. This presentation aims to show the molecular level relationships between interfacial structure, value of metal deposition potential and the interphase formation with ionic liquid electrolyte of different compositions (salt concentration, presence of cosolvent). Each electrolyte composition results in a particular interfacial metal-ion solvation environment which controls the reductive stability, metal-ion deposition potential, and ultimately the composition and properties the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). The latter is dependent on the EDL composition such as the IL cation/metal cation-IL anion ratio or the presence of other surface active additives. Based on this work, our group at Deakin University developed a theoretical framework to choose an optimum current density for the formation cycling of lithium/sodium metal anodes with ionic liquid electrolytes of different composition (salt concentration, presence of cosolvent). Details of these findings are published in following literature [1, 2].

A solution-route processed multicomponent Cu2ZnSn (S1-x Sex)4 nanocrystals: A potential low-cost photocatalyst

An exemplary perspective to comprehend the underlying role of multicomponent nanocrystals such as CZTS/SSe/Se (Cu2ZnSnS4/(SSe)4/Se4) revives the thrust for pioneering the non-vacuum approach for the development of multi-component-based chalcogenides utilizing organic solvents for the formation of nanocrystals, ideal for photo-voltaic/catalysts. This article envisages the employment of Trioctylphosphine (TOP) and Trioctylphosphine Oxide (TOPO) as capping agents cum solvent for CZTS/SSe/Se; the work proceeds with the anionic ratio variations in pristine counterparts of CZTSSe, i.e., to speculate the potential of quaternary chalcogenides where the properties of different materials coalesce and able to improve the characteristics efficiently. Gradually changing the ratio during nanocrystal synthesis via a high-temperature colloidal route imposes precise control over the properties. The synthesized nanocrystals are ingrained in Se-rich and highly crystalline, inhibiting the exigency of selenization and high-temperature annealing. Electrochemical, optical, and structural analysis was intensively studied and the best aliquot Se-ratio was considered to proceed as a photocatalyst. Photocatalysis is an enunciating approach for first aiding wastewater consisting of toxic materials, especially dyes and textile effluents, under sunlight. While, the converging lens deployment uplifts the efficiency and rate of reaction by many folds, it pioneers a new route of energy applications commercially.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of changing the ratios of perovskite triple cations and anions on the optical properties and solar cell performance of perovskite thin films

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of changing the ratios of perovskite triple cations and anions on the optical properties and solar cell performance of perovskite thin films

Debromination and Reusable Glass Fiber Recovery from Large Waste Circuit Board Pieces in Subcritical Water Treatment.

The great economic, social, and environmental interest that favors an effective management of the recycling of waste printed circuit boards (WCBs) encourages research on the improvement of processes capable of mitigating their harmful effects. In this work, the debromination of large WCBs was first performed through a hydrothermal process employing potassium carbonate as an additive. A total of 32 runs were carried out at 225 °C, various CO32–/Br– anionic ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, and 6:1, treatment times from 30 to 360 min, proportion of submerged WCBs in the liquid of 100, 50, and 25% that corresponded with the use of three WCB sizes of 20 mm × 16.5 mm, 20 mm × 33 mm, and 80 mm × 33 mm, respectively, and solid/liquid ratios of 1:2 and 1:1 g/mL without other metallic catalysts. A debromination efficiency of 50 wt % was reached at only 225 °C (limited by mechanical reasons) and 360 min, using a CO32–/Br– anionic ratio of 4:1 and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:2 for a large WCB with only 25% of its volume submerged in the liquid. This means conservation of water and energy compared to previous studies. A muffle furnace was used later to thermally treat a total of 101 debrominated samples, at constant temperature or following a temperature scaling program. An estimated decrease in resistance to rupture of glass fibers of only around 50% was accomplished by following a temperature scaling program up to 475 °C, obtaining clean glass fibers of large size. The simple techniques proposed to obtain reusable glass fibers from WCBs as large as the size of the reactor allows (as it might be in their original size) could significantly improve interest in the industry.

Relationship between Some Colloidal Properties of Non-Ionic-Anionic Surfactant Mixtures

Non-ionic surfactants are compatible with different types of materials, therefore they can be applied in various packages. Fatty-acid derivates as non-ionic surfactants and their mixtures were investigated to study their colloidal behavior. The HLB value, the particle size, the emulsification capacity and the interfacial tension of various commercial, non-ionic surfactants, and their mixtures with sodium lauryl-ether-sulfate (SLES), were determined. The surfactant mixtures were prepared in different non-ionic: anionic surfactant ratios to examine their effect on several surfactant characteristics. The interfacial tension between the oil phase and aqueous phase was measured using the spinning drop method and the average hydrodynamic diameter of surfactants in the aqueous solution was determined using the dynamic light scattering method. The relationship between various colloidal properties of surfactants was investigated. It was found that there is a significant relationship between the colloidal characteristics and the structure of surfactants that can contribute to their efficient selection method.

Substrate-induced electrostatic potential varies composition of supported lipid bilayer containing anionic lipid

Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are artificial lipid bilayers at solid–liquid interfaces applied as cell membrane model systems. An advantage of the artificial system is that the lipid composition can be controlled arbitrarily. On the other hand, the SLB formation process and its efficiency are affected by the properties of the solid substrate surface. In this study, we investigated the effect of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged SiO2/Si substrate surface and the lipid bilayer membrane on the composition of binary SLBs comprising anionic and neutral lipids. The phase transition temperature and the area fraction of lipid domains of SLB were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The neutral lipid was preferably included in SLB, but the anionic lipid ratio increased with Ca2+ concentration during the SLB formation. The lipid composition in SLB can be controlled by modulating the substrate-induced electrostatic potential.

Reconstruction and intercalating anion exchange of ZnAl-layered double hydroxide

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have recently attracted considerable attention as a promising multi-functional material due to their controllable properties depending on the type and composition ratio of metal cations and interlayer anions. Despite active research on controlling the composition to improve the properties of LDHs, anion intercalation techniques capable of obtaining the desired morphologies of LDHs have rarely been investigated. Herein, we report the anion exchange of ZnAl-LDHs grown on a silicon substrate using a post-treatment-based reconstruction process. Structural and chemical investigations verified that the calcined ZnAl-LDH was reconstructed by a NaCl solution during the anion exchange process. The anion exchange rate and the reconstructed fraction of the ZnAl-LDH increased as the NaCl concentration increased from 0.15 M to 0.60 M, though they decreased when the NaCl concentration exceeded 0.90 M. Therefore, the anion composition and morphology of the ZnAl-LDHs could be modulated by controlling the NaCl concentration during the reconstruction process. These results provide important information about the probability of controlling the structure and composition of LDHs intercalated with desired anions for a wide variety of device applications, such as memory, sensor, and energy storage.

Controlling the Anionic Ratio and Gradient in Kesterite Technology.

Accurate anionic control during the formation of chalcogenide solid solutions is fundamental for tuning the physicochemical properties of this class of materials. Compositional grading is the key aspect of band gap engineering and is especially valuable at the device interfaces for an optimum band alignment, for controlling interface defects and recombination and for optimizing the formation of carrier-selective contacts. However, a simple and reliable technique that allows standardizing anionic compositional profiles is currently missing for kesterites and the feasibility of achieving a compositional gradient remains a challenging task. This work aims at addressing these issues by a simple and innovative technique. It basically consists of first preparing a pure sulfide absorber with a specific thickness followed by the synthesis of a pure selenide part of complementary thickness on top of it. Specifically, the technique is applied to the synthesis of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 and Cu2ZnGe(S,Se)4 kesterite absorbers, and a series of characterizations are performed to understand the anionic redistribution within the absorbers. For identical processing conditions, different Se incorporation dynamics is identified for Sn- and Ge-based kesterites, leading to a homogeneous or graded composition in depth. It is first demonstrated that for Sn-based kesterite the anionic composition can be perfectly controlled through the thicknesses ratio of the sulfide and selenide absorber parts. Then, it is demonstrated that for Ge-based kesterite an anionic (Se–S) gradient is obtained and that by adjusting the processing conditions the composition at the back side can be finely tuned. This technique represents an innovative approach that will help to improve the compositional reproducibility and determine a band gap grading strategy pathway for kesterites. Furthermore, due to its simplicity and reliability, the proposed methodology could be extended to other chalcogenide materials.

Oxalate-based [CuIICrIII] coordination compounds affected by the tridentate ligand, simple anion, and reactant ratio: structural and magnetic features.

Seven novel oxalate-based [CuIICrIII] compounds: [Cu4(terpy)4Cl5][Cr(C2O4)3]·9H2O (1; terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine), {[Cr2Cu4(H2O)2(terpy)4(C2O4)7]·10H2O}n (2), [Cr2Cu4(H2O)2(terpy)4(C2O4)7]·12H2O (3), [Cu(H2O)3(terpy)][CrCu(H2O)(terpy)(C2O4)3]2·9H2O (4), [Cu(H2O)(terpy)(NO3)][CrCu(H2O)(terpy)(C2O4)3]·6H2O (5), [CrCu2(terpy)2(C2O4)3(NO3)]·1.5H2O·CH3OH (6) and [Cr2Cu4(H2O)4(terpy)4(C2O4)6][Cr2Cu2(terpy)2(C2O4)6]·9H2O·CH3OH (7) were obtained from the reaction of an aqueous solution of the building block [Cr(C2O4)3]3- and a methanol solution containing Cu2+ ions and terpyridine ligand by the layering technique. Interestingly, changing only the anion of the starting salt of copper(II), NO3- instead of Cl-, resulted in an unexpected modification in the bridge type, namely oxalate (compounds 2-7) versus chloride (compound 1). During the crystallization process in the test tube, the partial decomposition of the tris(oxalato)chromate(III) anion leads to the release of the oxalate ligand from the coordination sphere of chromium(III). Consequently, this oxalate ligand is coordinated to copper(II) ions in the reaction mixture, resulting in the oxalate-bridged cationic moieties of copper(II) ions [(terpy)Cu(μ-C2O4)Cu(terpy)]2+ of 2 and 3. Compounds 4-7 were formed in the same test tube using identical components as for 2 and 3, but in a different ratio; during preparation, the starting material did not decompose and retained its original role as a building block. The compounds were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, magnetization measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Compound 1 exhibits a ground-state spin of 1 due to antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions of Cu2+ ions across the chloride bridges in the tetramer; ferromagnetic coupling transferred through the oxalate bridge was found between Cu2+ ions in compound 2 and between Cu2+ and Cr3+ in compounds 4 and 5. Since compound 3 is considered to be a very similar fragment of compound 2, a ferromagnetic interaction between two Cu2+ ions bridged by a bis(bidentate) oxalate group is also expected. The performed calculations for compound 7 indicate that the main interaction is ferromagnetic.

Enhanced removal of radioactive iodine anions from wastewater using modified bentonite: Experimental and theoretical study

Efficient and cost-effective removal of radioactive iodine anions from contaminated water has become a crucial task and a great challenge for waste treatment and environmental remediation. Herein, we present hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate modified bentonite (HDPy-bent) for the efficient and selective removal of iodine anions (I− and IO3−) from contaminated water. Batch experiments showed that HDPy-bent could remove more than 95% of I− and IO3− within 10 min, and had maximum I− and IO3− adsorption capacities of 80.0 and 50.2 mg/g, respectively. Competitive experiments indicated that HDPy-bent exhibited excellent I− and IO3− selectivity in the excessive presence of common concomitant anions including PO43−, SO42−, HCO3−, NO3−, Cl− (maximum mole ratio of anions vs iodine anions was ∼50,000). An anion exchange mechanism was proposed for the selective adsorption of iodine anions. Optimal adsorption structure of HDPy+/I− (IO3−) at atomic level and driving forces of the I− (IO3−) adsorption were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Moreover, the good durability and reusability of the HDPy-bent has been demonstrated with 5 adsorption-desorption cycles. Dynamic column experiment also demonstrated that HDPy-bent exhibited excellent removal and fractional recovery capabilities towards I− and IO3− from simulated groundwater and environmental water samples. In conclusion, this work presents a promising adsorbent material for the decontamination of radioactive iodine anions from wastewater on a large scale.

Tuning Charge Order in (TMTTF)2X by Partial Anion Substitution

In the quasi-one-dimensional (TMTTF)2X compounds with effectively quarter-filled bands, electronic charge order is stabilized from the delicate interplay of Coulomb repulsion and electronic bandwidth. The correlation strength is commonly tuned by physical pressure or chemical substitution with stoichiometric ratios of anions and cations. Here, we investigate the charge-ordered state through partial substitution of the anions in (TMTTF)2[AsF6]1−x[SbF6]x with x≈0.3, determined from the intensity of infrared vibrations, which is sufficient to suppress the spin-Peierls state. Our dc transport experiments reveal a transition temperature TCO = 120 K and charge gap ΔCO=430 K between the values of the two parent compounds (TMTTF)2AsF6 and (TMTTF)2SbF6. Upon plotting the two parameters for different (TMTTF)2X, we find a universal relationship between TCO and ΔCO yielding that the energy gap vanishes for transition temperatures TCO≤60 K. While these quantities indicate that the macroscopic correlation strength is continuously tuned, our vibrational spectroscopy results probing the local charge disproportionation suggest that 2δ is modulated on a microscopic level.

One-pot Synthesis of the MIL-100 (Fe) MOF/MOX Homojunctions with Tunable Hierarchical Pores for the Photocatalytic Removal of BTXS

The construction of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with hierarchical pores is of great importance for the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of gaseous BTXS (benzene, toluene, xylenes and styrene) pollutants with large molecular size, but it is still challenging. Herein, by adjusting the ratio of anions (NO3- and Cl-) in the metal precursors, hierarchically porous MIL-100(Fe) MOF/MOX homojunctions were obtained through a one-pot solvothermal method. The existence of both micro- and mesopores (2–10 nm) made the active sites more accessible to guest molecules. The formation of MOF/MOX homojunctions promoted the separation of electron-hole pairs. Additionally, the coordinatively unsaturated acidic Fe3-O sites facilitated the capture of BTXS molecules and participated in the PCO process through the conversion between Fe(III) and Fe(II). The MIL-100(Fe) homojunctions showed improved performance towards the PCO of BTXS (over 80% for xylenes and styrene) compared with the crystalline or xerogel counterparts and exhibited great potential in the PCO of aromatic air pollutants.

Realizing continuous cation order-to-disorder tuning in a class of high-energy spinel-type Li-ion cathodes

<h2>Summary</h2> Conventional Li-ion cathode materials are dominated by well-ordered structures, in which Li and transition metals occupy distinct crystallographic sites. We show in this paper that profoundly new degrees of freedom for the optimization of electrochemical properties may be accessed if controllable cation disorder is introduced. In a class of high-capacity spinel-type cathode materials, we identify cation to anion ratio in synthesis as a key parameter for tuning the structure continuously from a well-ordered spinel, through a partially ordered spinel, to rocksalt. We find that the varying degree of cation disorder modifies the voltage profile, rate capability, and charge-compensation mechanism in a rational and predictable way. Our results indicate that spinel-type order is most beneficial for achieving high-rate performance as long as the cooperative 8a to 16c phase transition is suppressed, while more rocksalt-like disorder facilitates O redox, which can increase capacity. Our findings reveal an important tuning handle for achieving high energy and power in the vast space of partially ordered cathode materials.

Impact of mixed surfactant composition on emulsion stability in saline environment: anionic and nonionic surfactants

The influence of anionic and nonionic surfactant ratios on emulsion stability in saline environments was investigated in the context of bilge water. Sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) and Triton X-100 were selected as surfactants likely present in bilge water emulsions. Interfacial tension results revealed that with 0.42 M NaCl, SLES is a more surface-active surfactant with a smaller head group area than Triton X-100. Increasing the proportion of SLES resulted in a higher surface charge, thus creating a greater repulsive interaction energy barrier between oil droplets, preventing flocculation. Size distribution results showed emulsions with 500 ppm surfactants at different surfactant ratios had long-term (more than 20 days) stability against coalescence. However, SLES-rich emulsions had smaller oil droplets (<8 μm) generated with the same energy input and were more stable against flocculation when compared to Triton X-100-rich emulsions. Visual observation showed more small oil droplets (<10 μm) with a slow creaming rate in SLES-rich emulsions than in Triton X-100-rich emulsions. Turbidity measurements showed that SLES-rich emulsions had higher remnant oil content in the subnatant than Triton X-100-rich emulsions, which is undesirable for phase separation and bilge water treatment. This work provides experimental results on how anionic and nonionic surfactant ratio influences emulsion properties in saltwater environments, which is valuable in developing strategies to minimize and remove remnant oil in bilge water.