A solution-route processed multicomponent Cu2ZnSn (S1-x Sex)4 nanocrystals: A potential low-cost photocatalyst

Abstract

An exemplary perspective to comprehend the underlying role of multicomponent nanocrystals such as CZTS/SSe/Se (Cu2ZnSnS4/(SSe)4/Se4) revives the thrust for pioneering the non-vacuum approach for the development of multi-component-based chalcogenides utilizing organic solvents for the formation of nanocrystals, ideal for photo-voltaic/catalysts. This article envisages the employment of Trioctylphosphine (TOP) and Trioctylphosphine Oxide (TOPO) as capping agents cum solvent for CZTS/SSe/Se; the work proceeds with the anionic ratio variations in pristine counterparts of CZTSSe, i.e., to speculate the potential of quaternary chalcogenides where the properties of different materials coalesce and able to improve the characteristics efficiently. Gradually changing the ratio during nanocrystal synthesis via a high-temperature colloidal route imposes precise control over the properties. The synthesized nanocrystals are ingrained in Se-rich and highly crystalline, inhibiting the exigency of selenization and high-temperature annealing. Electrochemical, optical, and structural analysis was intensively studied and the best aliquot Se-ratio was considered to proceed as a photocatalyst. Photocatalysis is an enunciating approach for first aiding wastewater consisting of toxic materials, especially dyes and textile effluents, under sunlight. While, the converging lens deployment uplifts the efficiency and rate of reaction by many folds, it pioneers a new route of energy applications commercially.