Absorption Ratio Research Articles

Multi-mode hybridization in the MXene tetramer metasurface for ultra-broadband solar energy utilization

MXene is promising in photothermal or photovoltaic conversion, while high-performance MXene metasurface solar absorbers based on simple and feasible structures are still lacking. This study aims to design a solar absorber with ultra-broadband absorption capability in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges based on the MXene nanoblock tetramer/silica film/MXene substrate structure. The average absorptivity of this proposed metasurface absorber is 96.9% in the wavelength range of 300–2500 nm covering the whole solar spectrum. The physics behind the high absorption results from multiple-mode hybridization in different resonant bands, including the coupling between the surface plasmons, cavity resonances, and guided-mode resonances. The broadband and high-absorption performance remains stable under large-angle incidence and structural parameter variations with the average absorption above 90% in the whole wavelength region of interest. The calculated energy absorption ratio of the AM1.5 solar radiation spectrum can reach up to 96.3%, indicating low solar energy loss and efficient solar energy capture. In summary, these results provide great application prospects in the fields of photothermal and photovoltaic conversion.

Assessing soil fungal diversity under different sampling schemes in conjunction with remote sensing technologies in a subtropical forest

Fungi, serving as real-time bioindicators to environmental changes and stressors, are crucial for effective forest conservation and management practices under ongoing global change. However, the large-scale assessment of soil fungi still encounters challenges in striking a balance between the extensive sampling costs and the limited accuracy of minimal sampling. In this study, we analyzed 1,606 soil samples collected from 625 quadrats (20 m × 20 m) within a 25-ha subtropical forest dynamic plot in East China. Our primary objective was to explore the impact of different sampling schemes, in conjunction with remote sensing (RS) technologies, on the interpolation of soil fungal diversity using Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Co-kriging (CoK) models. Our findings suggested that a sampling scheme including points at 0 m (the base points) and 8 m within each quadrat, totaling to 26 points/ha, would be a sufficient scheme. This scheme with OK model yielded comparable results to those of more intensive schemes (at 0, 2, 5 and 8 m), but required the fewest sampling points. Upon incorporating each RS variable separately into the CoK models, including two vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index and transformed chlorophyll absorption ratio index 2), three terrain attributes (Elevation, Aspect and Slope), and the synthesis of these RS variables, the accuracy of the predicted results was further improved for each sampling scheme. By leveraging high-precision soil DNA sequencing in conjunction with cost-effective RS technologies, this study proposes a rapid and affordable approach for monitoring soil fungal diversity on a large scale. This will facilitate data collection for understanding responses of forest soil fungi to ongoing global change.

Experimental Research on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of High-Density Foamed Concrete.

Foamed concrete is increasingly utilized in protection engineering because it offers a high energy absorption ratio and a relatively low construction cost. To investigate the dynamic properties of foamed concrete, a series of dynamic compression tests are carried out on high-density foamed concrete with densities of 800 kg/m3, 1000 kg/m3, and 1100 kg/m3 under a strain rate range of 59.05 s-1~302.17 s-1 by using a Φ-100 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device. The effects of strain rate on the stress-strain relationship, dynamic compressive strength, and dynamic increase factor of foamed concrete are discussed in detail. The results show that the dynamic mechanical characteristics of foamed concrete with different densities exhibit a significant strain rate enhancement effect. Additionally, the energy absorption characteristics of foamed concrete are investigated, demonstrating that it can effectively prevent the transmission of incident energy and that its energy absorption efficiency declines as the strain rate increases. A high-speed camera was also employed to capture the failure process of foamed concrete. The results exhibit that fracture production and development induce the failure of foamed concrete, the failure process of foamed concrete advances as the strain rate increases, and the failure mode becomes increasingly severe.

Investigating the effect of coating and synthesis parameters on La1-xSrxMnO3 based core-shell magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles are an important class of functional materials that have unique magnetic properties due to their reduced size (<100 nm) and have the potential for use in many fields. In the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles, factors such as intrinsic magnetic properties, surface coating, size and shape of the particles, surface charge and stability are very important. In this regard, carefully determining the synthesis parameters of magnetic nanoparticles and particle coating materials is of critical importance in the application area chosen for the material. In this study, La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.27, 0.30, 0.33) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles in core–shell structure (C@MNP) and their derivatives integrated into graphene oxide (GO-C@MNP) were synthesized and their properties were investigated in detail for their use in possible future application studies. The crystal structure of perovskite compounds with Pbnm symmetry remains unchanged after carbon coating but shrinks in volume due to its amorphous structure. The magnetic behavior of the uncoated and coated materials is almost identical, but the Curie temperature of the compounds shifts to a higher temperature. In the specific absorption ratio (SAR) measurements performed, it was found that the best SAR value for carbon-coated MNPs was 12.9 W/g at x = 0.27. By integrating the MNPs into graphene oxide, heat is easily distributed regionally, and this shows that the structures can be ideal candidates for applications such as hyperthermia, drug carriers, tissue repair, and cellular therapy including cell labeling and targeting.Perovskite-structured manganite materials were selected for their suitability in controlled production, where the Curie temperature can be tuned near the therapeutic temperature by adjusting the doping levels, making them ideal for magnetic hyperthermia applications. In this study, for the first time, the nanoparticle surfaces were coated with carbon, which was chosen not only due to carbon’s non-magnetic nature but also because it provides an ideal platform for future combined biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems.

Microfluidic Detection Platform for Determination of Ractopamine in Food.

A novel microfluidic ractopamine (RAC) detection platform consisting of a microfluidic RAC chip and a smart analysis device is proposed for the determination of RAC concentration in meat samples. This technology utilizes gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with glutamic acid (GLU) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to measure RAC concentration in food products. When RAC is present, AuNPs aggregate through hydrogen bonding, causing noticeable changes in their optical properties, which are detected using a self-built UV-visible micro-spectrophotometer. Within the range of 5 to 80 ppb, a linear relationship exists between the absorbance ratio (A693nm/A518nm) (Y) and RAC concentration (X), expressed as Y = 0.0054X + 0.4690, with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9943). This method exhibits a detection limit of 1.0 ppb and achieves results within 3 min. The practical utility of this microfluidic assay is exemplified through the evaluation of RAC concentrations in 50 commercially available meat samples. The variance between concentrations measured using this platform and those determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is less than 8.33%. These results underscore the viability of the microfluidic detection platform as a rapid and cost-effective solution for ensuring food safety and regulatory compliance within the livestock industry.

Design of metamaterial for broadband sound absorption through double resonances

Abstract Broadband acoustic absorber via a structure with sub-wavelength thickness is of great and continuing interest in research and engineering communities. To broaden the absorption band of acoustic absorbers, common methods often involve using septum to create a double-layer structure or replacing cavity walls with flexible materials. However, such approaches require strict restrictions of thickness and structure design for the absorbers. This work presents a metamaterial design method that uses an external frame to construct double resonant metamaterials, effectively improving broadband sound absorption performance. Specifically, this method can be decoupled from the design of original cavity-type absorber structure and external frame. The absorption performance is significantly improved by adding an external frame to wrap around a cavity-type acoustic absorber structure with air. Furthermore, utilizing the coaction of cascade coupling and external frame, the average absorption ratio of the metamaterial in high frequency domain (above 2000 Hz) can be improved by 6 times. Since this structural design broadens the absorption band without changing structural parameters of the original absorber, it has potentials to be applied in various engineering fields.

Decarbonizing a supply chain with an unreliable supplier: Implications for profitability and sustainability

The increasing emphasis on corporate social responsibility has led to a growing trend among firms to initiate decarbonization campaigns, aligning their sustainability efforts with profitability objectives. This paper explores the challenge of decarbonizing a supply chain wherein a buyer cooperates with an unreliable supplier that possesses private absorptive capacity and varying degrees of bargaining power. We develop models based on whether the absorptive capacity remains private information and whether the buyer has more bargaining power in determining the profit-maximizing price. Our findings indicate that the buyer may opt to avoid entering into contracts with the supplier for decarbonization if the absorptive capacity ratio falls below certain values. When contracting occurs, decarbonization has the potential to yield a mutually beneficial outcome for firms, customers, and the environment. Nevertheless, the presence of private information has negative implications for customers and the environment because it results in reduced consumer surplus and increased carbon footprint. As the buyer’s bargaining power strengthens, the likelihood of supply chain decarbonization increases, potentially leading to more consumer surplus and less carbon footprint. Finally, we discuss the effects of key model factors from a triple bottom line perspective (i.e., profit, people, and the planet).

Dual-Functional TiO2/SiO2@Poly(Hexadecyl Methacrylate-co-Butyl Methacrylate-co-Methyl Acrylate) Composites: Nanointegrated Enhancements in Oil Absorption and High-Efficiency Emulsion Interface Demulsification

Our research described in this report introduces a multifunctional composite resin, TiO2/SiO2@poly(hexadecyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate-co-methyl acrylate), synthesized to enhance oil absorption and demulsification for oily wastewater treatment. By incorporating hydrophobically modified nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) and nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) into a polyacrylate resin through suspension polymerization, we aimed to overcome the limitations of traditional oil absorbent resins. The resin’s formulation included hexadecyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate. Characterization was conducted through measurements of contact angle, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyses. The study meticulously optimized the chemical synthesis conditions, focusing on the amount of monomer, initiator and crosslinker, which are crucial for the polymerization reaction. Additionally, the physical parameters, such as the particle size and quantity of the nano-materials, were carefully controlled to achieve the desired material properties. The inclusion of nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2 significantly enriched the resin’s porous structure, boosting its oil absorption ratios for oil in various solvents, notably enhancing stability and recyclability. The resin exhibited superior oil absorption capacities (e.g. 54.7 g/g for trichloromethane) and improved emulsion separation efficiency (e.g. 98.10% for trichloromethane emulsions), marking a substantial advancement in materials for environmental remediation applications.

A self-gelling alginate/chitosan based powder containing bioactive nanoparticles for non-compressible bleeding control and promoting wound healing

The challenge remains in developing hemostatic dressings that can fulfill both hemostatic and repair functions to meet clinical demands worldwide. Herein, the biodegradable powders composed of benzeneboronic acid-modified sodium alginate/catechol-modified quaternized chitosan hydrogel (SBQCC) networks and bioactive cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs), were prepared for hemostasis and promoting wound healing. The SBQCC/CNPs powders had good self-gelation ability, water absorption ratio, tissue adhesiveness and biocompatibility. The SBQCC/CNPs powders could not only rapidly absorb a large amount of blood to concentrate coagulation factors when applied on bleeding wounds, but also formed an adhesive hydrogel physical barrier to control bleeding in situ. Meanwhile, the aggregation and activation of red blood cells and platelets induced by the SBQCC/CNPs powders can initiate the forming of internal blood clot with fibrin to further enhance the hemostatic effect. The SBQCC/CNPs powders demonstrated excellent hemostatic performance in non-compressible rat tail vein bleeding and rabbit liver bleeding models. In addition, SBQCC/CNPs powder-derived hydrogels had antibacterial activity and multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and promoting angiogenesis for accelerating wound healing. Therefore, the SBQCC/CNPs powders can accelerate wound healing while achieving effective hemostasis, which will be a promising hemostatic dressing.

Assessing disintegration effectiveness: A thorough evaluation using the SeDeM-ODT expert system for doxylamine succinate orodispersible formulation.

The SeDeM-ODT expert system is designed to assess the suitability of the pharmaceutical ingredients for their conversion into an orodispersible formulation by direct compression. The tool can be utilized to select the most appropriate excipients that improve the compressibility and buccodispersibility of the formulation. This study aimed to utilize the SeDeM-ODT expert system to evaluate the performance of superdisintegrants and select an appropriate superdisntegrant for Doxylamine Succinate orodispersible formulation. The SeDeM-ODT expert system scrutinized the excipients to develop an orodispersible Doxylamine Succinate formulation. Among the 15 parameters of the tool, some of them were determined through experimental work, while the remaining were calculated through the experimental values of other parameters. The central composite design approach was used for formulation development. The prepared powder blends were compressed using the direct compression method and evaluated for different parameters (hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, weight variation, water absorption ratio, wetting time, and disintegration time). The results of the SeDeM-ODT expert system were correlated with the values obtained by the post-compression tests. The Crospovidone formulation (F7) was found to be an optimized formulation as it disintegrated quickly compared with the other formulations containing other superdisintegtrants. The results perfectly endorsed the SeDeM-ODT expert system evaluation, as Crospovidone showed the highest IGCB value of 6.396. The study observed the effectiveness of the expert system in accurately examining the performance of disintegrating agents. The study observed the effectiveness of the expert system in accurately examining the performance of disintegrating agents. The assessment proved Crospovidone to produce quicker disintegration in Doxylamine Succinate orodispersible formulation.

Application of a novel machine learning model for the prediction and optimization of anti-blast performance of sandwich honeycomb blast walls

Sandwich honeycomb blast wall with the superior energy absorption characteristics could be applied to anti-blast protection of offshore oil and gas platform. Recently, machine learning technique, as an alternative to traditional Finite Element Analysis (FEA), is becoming a powerful tool in understanding structural performance. The aim of this study is to propose a novel data-driven model for fast predictions of structure response of sandwich blast wall under explosion, including the maximum deformation δmax, the maximum internal energy Emax and the energy absorption ratio RE. FEA was firstly conducted to generate sample data for the proposed model by using LS-DYNA software. An improved artificial electric field algorithm (IAEFA) was combined with artificial neural network (ANN) to develop an IAEFA-ANN model. In case studies, the prediction results of IAEFA-ANN approximate the results of FEA well, and comparison results of 9 different ANN models demonstrate that IAEFA-ANN model has the best performance. Then, the effects of explosion parameters (including explosive charge mass Me, stand-off distance d and concave angles θ) on structural response prediction results were investigated by using the proposed model. Moreover, the IAEFA-ANN model was applied to conducting optimal design of the blast wall to obtain optimum anti-blast performance.

Structure and digestibility changes of Indica and japonica waxy rice starch during in vitro pre-digestion

The digestion of starch have been of great interest, yet little is known about the structure changes and structure-digestibility relationships of waxy rice starch during digestion. In this study, waxy rice starch from Indica and Japonica cultivars were in vitro pre-digested for different times, and the changes in their structure and properties were investigated, including granule morphology, chain length distribution, short-range ordered structure, crystallinity, thermal properties, and digestibility. Pre-digested Indica and Japonica waxy rice starch had the characteristics of porous starch, showing similar surface erosion and pores. With the prolongation of pre-digestion time, the amylose content decreased by 0.74 %–2.69 %, the proportion of amylopectin short A chain (DP6–12) and B1 chain (DP13–24) decreased, and the proportion of long B2 (DP25–36) and B3 chain (DP ≥ 37) increased, especially in pre-digested Indica waxy rice starch. The short- and long-range ordered structure of pre-digested starch increased, manifested by an increase in the absorbance ratio at 1047/1022 cm−1, a decrease at 1022/995 cm−1, and an increase in relative crystallinity, leading to higher gelatinization temperature and enthalpy. Pre-digested waxy rice starch had a reduced rapidly digestible starch of 18.27 %–33.93 % and an increased resistant starch of 29.51 %–41.32 %, which will be applied in functional starch and healthy starchy foods.

Evaluation of Commercial RNA Extraction Protocols for Avian Influenza Virus Using Nanopore Metagenomic Sequencing.

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a significant threat to the poultry industry, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnosis. The current AIV diagnostic process relies on virus identification via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Subsequently, the virus is further characterized using genome sequencing. This two-step diagnostic process takes days to weeks, but it can be expedited by using novel sequencing technologies. We aim to optimize and validate nucleic acid extraction as the first step to establishing Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) as a rapid diagnostic tool for identifying and characterizing AIV from clinical samples. This study compared four commercially available RNA extraction protocols using AIV-known-positive clinical samples. The extracted RNA was evaluated using total RNA concentration, viral copies as measured by rRT-PCR, and purity as measured by a 260/280 absorbance ratio. After NGS testing, the number of total and influenza-specific reads and quality scores of the generated sequences were assessed. The results showed that no protocol outperformed the others on all parameters measured; however, the magnetic particle-based method was the most consistent regarding CT value, purity, total yield, and AIV reads, and it was less error-prone. This study highlights how different RNA extraction protocols influence ONT sequencing performance.

Chemometric evaluation, source apportionment, and health risk analysis of natural spring water in Murree, outer Himalayas

IntroductionContamination of water is a critical threat to human health at a global level. Water pollutants, such as heavy metals, can have adverse effects on the well-being of humans, animals, and the natural ecosystem of a region. Study AreaMurree is the most visited tourist destination in Pakistan. The rural population of Murree uses natural spring water for drinking, household use, and irrigation. MethodsThis study assessed the elemental concentration of water from 20 natural springs in Murree using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Source apportionment and spatial distribution of heavy metals were assessed using statistical approaches such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, and interpolation. The study assessed the quality of water for drinking and irrigation in Murree's natural spring water using the metal index, sodium absorption ratio, magnesium absorption ratio, percentage sodium, Kelly's ratio, and salinity hazard. The health risks associated with heavy metals were assessed by computing Average daily dose, Hazard quotient, Hazard Index, and Cancer Risk. ResultsThe mean concentration of metals in mgL-1 varied in the following order: Ca (51.23) > Na (22.3) > Mg (16.26) > Si (6.51) > K (1.59) > Se (1.17) > Sr (0.48) > Ba (0.209) > Al (0.060) > Li (0.015) > Zn (0.005) > Fe (0.0033) > Ni (0.0032) > Cr (0.001). Metal index was calculated for Al (0.3), Ba (0.29), Cr (0.024), Ni (0.14), Fe (0.004), Zn (0.002), Sr (0.07), Mg (0.32), and Ca (0.25), revealing low levels of metal pollution. The geology of the study area was identified as the primary source of heavy metals in the water. The estimated values of health hazards showed that ingestion is the primary exposure pathway, with children having a higher risk. The health hazards posed by the heavy metal contact from the waters of Murree are not alarming. Quality indices show that the irrigation water sourced from the natural springs is of satisfactory quality. ConclusionThe study concluded that the spring water of Murree has low concentrations of heavy metals; their concentration is dependent upon the geology of the study area and is good for drinking and irrigation.

Preanalytical Impact of Incomplete K2EDTA Blood Tube Filling in Molecular Biology Testing.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible preanalytical effect of incomplete filling of blood tubes on molecular biology assays. The study population consisted of 13 healthy volunteers from whom 11 mL of whole blood was collected and then distributed in different volumes (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mL, respectively) into three 6.0 mL spray-dried and evacuated K2EDTA blood tubes. Automated RNA extraction was performed using the Maxwell® CSC RNA Blood Kit. DNA was extracted with a MagCorePlusII, with concomitant measurement of glyceralde-hyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression. The nucleic acid concentration was calculated using the NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometer, and purity was assessed using A260/280 and A260/230 absorbance ratios. The RNA concentration was higher in the tubes filled with 1.5 and 3.0 mL of blood than in the reference 6 mL filled tube. The RNA 260/280 and RNA 260/230 ratios did not differ significantly between the differently filled blood tubes. The DNA concentration remained constant in the differently filled tubes. Compared to the 6.0 mL reference filled tube, the 1.5 mL and 3.0 mL filled blood tubes displayed a lower DNA 260/280 nm ratio. The DNA 260/230 ratio did not differ significantly in any of the variously filled tubes. Compared to the 6.0 mL reference filled blood tube, the 1.5 mL and 3.0 mL filled blood tubes showed a significant increase in the GAPDHcycle threshold. Our results suggest that underfilling of K2EDTA blood tubes may be a modest but analytically significant source of bias in molecular biology testing.

A novel dual-band defected ground structure wearable microstrip patch antenna for breast tumor detection in biomedical applications

This paper presents a dual-band, low-profile wearable antenna for detecting breast tumors in biomedical applications. The antenna is designed on the FR4 substrate with an optimized dimension of 32 × 27.5 × 0.61 mm3. The compact rectangular patch is miniaturized by cutting the rectangular slots on the front side. The partial ground structure is used for moving the resonance frequency in the ISM band region and for giving the tripping result of the return loss. A breast phantom is created between the transmitter and receiver for detecting the tumor in the phantom model. The different sizes and positions of the tumor in the breast phantom provide different values of the return loss. The final optimized design of the antenna is operated at 2.43 GHz and 3.32 GHz with −35 and −24 return losses respectively. It has been observed from the simulated and measured results that the antenna has a negligible difference between the reflected coefficient, radiation pattern and gain. Afterward, the antenna is also checked for biocompatibility, which represents its good performance. The on-body analysis of the antenna represents a minor variation in the results. The Specific Absorption Ratio (SAR) value of the antenna is in the acceptable range as defined for the wearable device. It is a promising compact wearable antenna that can be used in biomedical applications.

Microwave freeze-drying characteristics and crosslinking behavior of wheat starch-laurel acid complex

This article investigates the effect of different microwave powers on the crosslinking behavior and microwave freeze-drying characteristics of wheat starch-lauroyl arginate complex during the microwave freeze-drying process. During microwave freeze-drying, as microwave power increased from 0.1 W/g to 0.9 W/g, the freeze-drying time of WS-LA was reduced by 50 %, while the uniformity of freeze-drying was not affected by its composition. In the research results obtained from DSC, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), XRD, and SEM analyses, with the microwave power increased from 0.1 W/g to 0.9 W/g, the enthalpy value of the melting peak of the WS-LA (wheat starch-lauric acid) composite decreased from 1.15 J/g to 0.62 J/g. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) value increased from 25.6 to 30.79. The ratio of absorbance at 1022/995 cm−1 increased from 1.0111 to 1.0707. The recrystallization (RC) value decreased from 8.77 % to 0.07 %. Additionally, in the microstructure, the size of WS-LA composite particles decreased accordingly. The above findings indicated that the increase in microwave power during microwave freeze-drying had a negative impact on the formation of the WS-LA complex and the ordering of its structure in the sample.

The Effect of Adding the Mishraq Sulfur Ore on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Al-Angor and Al-Nahrawan Clays to Producing Lightweight Bricks

This paper aims to examine the possibility of producing lightweight laboratory clay Bricks by adding sulfur ore powder in different weight ratios ranging from 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, to 50% as supplementary materials to two types of clays taken from two different sites, which is the Al-Angor clay region near the city of Ramadi and the Al-Nahrawan clay region. The bricks burned at temperatures of 950 and 1050 C°٬ and the longitudinal Shrinkage tests, bulk density, water absorption, compression strength, and efflorescence were measured. The X-ray diffraction analysis was executed to determine the formed metal phases. The results of the tests showed a direct proportion between longitudinal contraction and water absorption ratio with the addition of sulfur ore and high burning temperature. While bulk density and compression strength are inversely proportional to the sulfur ratio and high burning temperature. Efflorescence tests showed a decrease in the efflorescence rate with an increase in the proportion of sulfur ore.

Mechanical Properties of Re-Entrant Hybrid Honeycomb Structures for Morphing Wings.

The exceptional energy absorption, deformability, and tuneable Poisson's ratio properties of negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) honeycomb biomimetic structures make them highly suitable for applications in aerospace, medical, and acoustic stealth industries. The present study proposes a re-entrant hybrid honeycomb (REHH) structure comprising a re-entrant octagonal unit cell and a re-entrant hexagonal unit cell. Theoretical models of the in-plane elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio are established based on beam theory, and these models are validated through finite element (FE) simulations and tensile experiments conducted on the REHH samples. The influence of the cell geometry parameters on the in-plane elastic behaviours is investigated. The results indicate that the NPR performance of the REHH structure exhibits superior deformation capability compared with the four-point star hybrid honeycomb (FSHH) structure. The experimental REHH structure samples exhibit significant tensile displacement capabilities in the x-direction.

Classification of surface waters and groundwater in terms of drinking, agriculture, and industry

In this study, samples were collected from Seydoon River, The Alaa River, Galal Duparan Well, and Seyed Behzad Seepage Well near Seydoon River during the water year 2021-2022 for evaluation by the Khuzestan Water and Power Organization. Following laboratory analysis, Schuler and Wilcox diagrams were created using Aqua and Chemistry software to classify and interpret the water from The Seydoon River, The Alaa River, Duparan Well, and Seyyed Behzad Seepage Well. The objective of this study is to assess and comprehend the water quality of the rivers and wells in the region for drinking, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Overall, the groundwater in the area is deemed to be of medium to unsuitable quality for drinking. The well water is are classified as extremely hard. Furthermore, The Seydoon River and The Alaa River exhibit lower hardness levels compared to the groundwater in the region. in accordance with the Wilcox diagram, both surface and groundwater in the area are suitable in sodium absorption ratio for agricultural use, but they do face salinity issues. The water from The Seydoon River is suitable for industrial purposes, while The Seydoon River, The Alaa River, and Seyyed Behzad Seepage Well water is drinkable, and the water from Duparan Well is prone to forming deposits.