Labor Force Participation Rates Research Articles

Analisis Determinan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Inklusif Di Pulau Sumatera

This research is used to determine the factors that influence inclusive economic growth on the island of Sumatra. The analysis used is panel data regression analysis using panel data with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) method with time series data from 2012 to 2021 and cross-section data for ten provinces on Sumatra Island. The analysis results explain that the Labor Force Participation Rate does not affect the Inclusive Economic Development Index. Meanwhile, the average length of schooling, the poor population, and the Open Unemployment Rate significantly impact the Inclusive Economic Development Index.

Comparative Analysis between Quality of Life and Human Labor in Countries Belonging to G7 and BRICS Blocks: Proposition of Discriminant Analysis Model

The aim of the present research is to identify and analyze the variables which help to effectively differentiate Quality of Life (QoL) and human labor in the G7 (Germany, France, Italy, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States of America—USA) and BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) through a discriminant analysis. A discriminant analysis model is developed to classify countries as having a low, mid, or high QoL based on QoL and human labor variables. The variables used in the discriminant analysis were obtained between 2010 and 2022 from two platforms: NUMBEO variables capable of relating QoL to socioeconomic aspects and OECD’s (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) human-labor-related variables. Based on the results, the three variables that most discriminate the groups in order of importance are employed women in relation to the female population, the female labor force participation rate, and the female unemployment rate. Countries are classified as having a low, mid, or high QoL. The adopted technique will allow researchers and managers to classify and draw goals for action reorganization and investment in QoL and labor.

Educational Expansion as a Driver of Longer Working Lives?

This study investigates the contribution of educational expansion to changes in labour force participation among Europeans aged 55-74 between 2000 and 2019, while accounting for changes in educational inequalities in labour market activity. We use data from the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) for 26 countries and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods to analyse the extent to which changes in the education structure may account for rises in labour force participation rates among older workers in these countries, and the degree to which returns to education have changed. Overall, we found that educational expansion is positively associated with increases in labour force participation, albeit with substantial cross-country variation in the scale of this association. A driving factor was the decrease in the share of the population with low education levels, followed by an increase in the share of those with high education levels. While activity rates rose in most countries and among all levels of education, the largest increases were observed among people with a medium level of education. Activity rates of low-educated older workers, especially women, grew at a substantially lower pace in some countries, exacerbating educational inequalities in labour force participation at older ages. The study suggests that educational expansion has been a driver of longer working lives in Europe. However, it also indicates that changes in health, working conditions and age norms at the microlevel, as well as pension and labour market reforms at the macrolevel, can be assumed to have played a dominant role in countries where increases in labour force participation were the most significant.

Testing the validity of feminization U-shape hypothesis for female labor force participation and economic development in Pakistan: a reexamination

PurposeThe participation of females in economic activity remains a challenge, and received a lot of attention for a better labor policy discourse. The empirical research focused widely on the relationship between female labor force participation (FLFP) and economic development, called the feminization U-shape hypothesis. However, the linear/nonlinear relationship has been questioned due to empirical and methodological anomalies. Hence, this study aims to extend the previous work by reexamining this relationship in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe annual data from 1980 to 2021, the unit root tests augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips and Perron, the conventional autoregressive distributed lag bound test approach by including the quadratic-term of GDP per capita and the novel Sasabuchi–Lind–Mehlum (SLM) U test (2010) used for empirical estimation.FindingsThe findings revealed the prospects of a long-run nonlinear association between FLFP and economic development in Pakistan. However, an inverse U-shape exists between the female labor force participation rate (FLFPR) and GDP per capita, predicting that FLFP may decline in the future.Research limitations/implicationsThe traditional feminization U-shape hypothesis has little empirical support in the case of Pakistan. Therefore, the Government of Pakistan should enhance the enabling environment for females through the provision of better job opportunities, technical skills, on-the-job training and social security benefits during all phases of economic development.Originality/valueThe conventional approach of testing U-shape is insufficient. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, therefore, this study incorporated a wider data set in a time series that is less evident, an advanced methodology SLM U test (2010), to validate the feminization U-shape hypothesis in Pakistan for the first time.

Biographies of uncertainty regulation in the labor market and extension of working life in Chile

Abstract Despite lacking policies targeting the extension of working life, Chile is the Latin American country that has exhibited the largest increase in the labor force participation rate of people aged 65+ in the last two decades. In this research, following an analytical framework on regulation of endogenous uncertainty and relying on rich qualitative data (life story interviews of 90 older workers aged 60–86, across 21 cities and 6 regions), we approached the complexity of extended working lives in Chile by addressing an unexplored dimension. Specifically, we explore individuals’ agency over their employment trajectories (i.e., both in adulthood and old age) among those who remained active in the labor market after the legal retirement age. Our findings provide strong evidence that extended working lives not only result from precarious social conditions, but are also shaped by complex processes involving both expansive and adaptive individual agency in which people engaged throughout their life course. Therefore, the high exogenous uncertainty in the labor market should not merely be interpreted from the perspective of “precarity,” but also as a scenario that encouraged individuals to behave in a way that led them to engage in the labor force across their lives in accordance with their preferred level of endogenous uncertainty.

Care to work? Policy Considerations for Engaging Jordanian Women in the Workforce

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenge of adapting care and family policies to the government of Jordan’s objectives, from economic development goals to maintaining social norms. Motives for interventions seem to signal an interest in gender equity and concerns around child development and family preservation. Indeed, for some, Jordan’s emerging caregiving market (and other liberal policies) might signal an easing in archetypal gendered norms around caregiving, domestic work, and women’s roles inside and outside of the public spheres. However, an analysis of the theory underlying care work and social reproduction along with a review of Jordanian social perceptions—among men and women alike—hints at a potential gap in policy. The paper challenges policymakers to consider the stubborn female labor force participation rate differently. The paper starts by untangling feminist theories around care and work. It then explores Jordan’s specific context regarding norms and perceptions around gender and work and gender and care. From there, it reviews and analyzes Jordan’s policies and presents opportunities for policymaking.

An Analysis of Activity Status of Disabled Persons Under Poverty Line in India

Disabled persons living below poverty line are victims of dual disadvantages of disability and poverty which influence each other. Disability along with poverty has its negative effects on employment, health and livelihood earnings. The activity status of the disabled persons is broadly classified into non-economic status and economic status. The first category does not belong to labour force (out of labour force) whereas the second category belongs to labour force (both employed and unemployed). This study has found that in India the number of disabled people in rural area is higher than that in urban area and the number of disabled males is higher than the number of disabled females both in rural area and urban area. It appears that the prevalence of disability varies with age, and there is significant difference between the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of disabled males and females both in rural and urban area.

공통요인 효과를 고려한 아태지역 국가의 합계출산율 결정요인 분석

Purpose - This study examines the impact on total fertility rate in 30 countries in the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on female labor market participation and labor market instability. Design/Methodology/Approach - There is a common factors effect of cross-sectional dependence on the total fertility rate, explanatory variables, and residuals. Therefore, it was estimated using the CS-ARDL (Cross-Sectionally augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lags) model that considers the dynamics of total fertility rate, common factors effect, and heterogeneity by country. Findings - Female labor market participation and labor market instability have a negative (-) effect on the total fertility rate, but the coefficient of the interaction term is estimated to have a positive (+) sign, so it should be considered in the impact of the labor force participation rate and unemployment rate. Research Implications - A low female labor force participation rate and unemployment rate drive a high total fertility rate, but countries with a high labor force participation rate should have a high unemployment rate, and countries with a high unemployment rate should have a high labor force participation rate. Therefore, policies are needed to enable women to balance work and family life, and facilitate entry into the labor market.

Factors Affecting the Participation Rate of Women in the Labor Force in Lima Puluh Kota Regency Using Probit Regression Analysis

Labor currently plays a very important role in a country's economy. In the labour sector, women still experience discrimination, which causes the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of women to remain low compared to men. The LFPR of men in Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota is higher than the LFPR of women. In 2022, the female LFPR was 63.75%, meaning that of the total labour force, around 63.75% of them were working or looking for work. This study aims to determine the factors that influence women's participation in the labour force in Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. This research is applied using the probit regression analysis method. The data used is secondary data, which is microdata from the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS). Based on the results of the analysis, the factors that influence the level of women's participation in the labour force in Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota in 2022 are education level, age, job training status, and status as head of household.

Alternative Solutions to Increase Pension Security Participation in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze alternative solutions to increase the number of pension security participation in Indonesia. The analysis method used in this study is Panel Data Regression. The data used in the panel data analysis are Number of Pension Security Participants, Human Development Index (HDI), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), Information and Communication Technology Development Index (IPTIK), Young age (15-24) who are not in school, working or training (NEET), Proportion of Average Hourly Wages to Provincial Minimum Wage (Wages), Gini Ratio, Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) from 2017-2022 in 33 Provinces in Indonesia. The results of panel data processing, the best model is the Fixed Effect Model with regression results showing that only GRDP variables have a significant positive influence. While the Wage variable has a significant negative effect and the IPM, TPT, IPTIK, NEET, Gini Ratio, TPAK variables have no influence on the Number of Pension Security Participants.

The Effect of Gender Inequality in Employment on Economic Growth in Batam City

This study aims to examine the effect of gender inequality in employment on economic growth in Batam City. The associative quantitative research method is used with multiple linear regression analysis techniques to describe the relationship between variables in the study. The results show that simultaneously, labor force participation rate (LFPR), wage equality, and work progress have an influence on economic growth, where any reduction in gender inequality in employment contributes to boosting economic growth. Therefore, a collaboration between the government, private sector, and non-governmental organizations is expected to encourage the implementation of gender mainstreaming policies and programs that support gender equality in the employment sector and have the potential to make a positive contribution to economic growth.

Influence of Human Capital and Labor Force Participation Levels on Indonesia's Economic Growth

Economic growth underscores the important role of the state in enhancing human resource development. An important part of production factors is human resources, especially in terms of quality. Labor productivity is increased through improving the quality of human capital through education and health. This study is to examine the effect of human capital and the level of labor force participation on Indonesia's economic growth. This study uses the panel data method from 34 provinces in Indonesia for the 2015-2019 period. The results of statistical tests show that the education variable has a positive effect on the dependent variable of economic growth, while the health variable and the labor force participation rate variable have no effect on economic growth

Влияние тенденции старения населения на рынок труда в Китае

The article analyzes the impact of the development of an aging society on the labor market. A general descrip-tion of the development of the aging process in China in recent years is given, highlighting the problems that have arisen as a result of the increase in the number of older people in the labor force. The main optimization problems that remain to be solved are summarized. It has been established that the ageing of the population is negatively related to the labor force participation rate and its quality, but has a significant potential in terms of leveling the personnel shortage. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the impact of population ageing on the labor market can become not a negative, but a positive factor in the country’s economic development with the active efforts of the government. Possible options for measures that can determine the effective use of elderly citizens in the national economy of China are proposed.

An Overview of Women Entrepreneurs in India

Women participation in the labour force and admittance to well-mannered occupation is immensely crucial for a wide-range and sustainable progress of any nation. At the comprehensive level, larger contribution of women in the labour force is fine for the whole economy. In India, women labour force participation rate is increasing appreciably in recent years. Even though, the women labour force participation rate is lower than universal average, but it shows an increasing pattern. On the other hand, a range of socio-economic factors that affect the female participation in labour force cannot be ignored. This article throws light on the trends and growth of such women labour participation in the job market. Hefty number of hurdles and obstacles prolong to subsist for women community to get into the labour market and acquire well-mannered and civilized occupations. The women community is excessively put through a extensive range of challenges concerning with easy ingress to employment opportunities, alternative jobs, working circumstances, unforeseen situations, safety of jobs, equivalence in wages, prejudice and inequality treatment and work-life balance and family responsibilities.

Analyzing Macroeconomic Indicators that May Affect Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Panel Data Analysis in the Context of Income Level Classification (1990-2019)

The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether the export-import coverage ratio (EXIM), the income of natural resources (NATR), labour force participation rate (LFPR), and foreign direct investment (FDI) had a positive or negative impact on economic growth for 34 Sub-Saharan African countries using data from 1990 to 2019. The change in Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (%) is used in the study as a proxy for the economic growth variable, and Sub-Saharan African nations were categorized based on the United Nations' income classification system to create more homogeneous groups and consequently more accurate analysis results. To do this, 34 Sub-Saharan African nations were divided into three income categories: lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and low-income. The income categories established by the UN were considered while drawing this distinction. This divide led to the analysis of 18 low-income nations, 12 lower-middle-income countries, and 4 upper-middle-income countries. One of the dynamic panel data analysis techniques, the two-step system GMM panel data analysis, was used as the econometric analysis approach. According to the estimations, FDI in lower-middle-income sub-Saharan African countries was statistically significant and inversely related to economic growth; it was observed that the coverage ratio of exports to imports has a statistically significant and linear relationship. None of these independent variables were found to influence economic growth in low-income sub-Saharan African countries. There is a statistically significant correlation between the LFPR and NATR and economic development in the upper-middle income category of nations analyzed. As a result, the influence of factors varied and fluctuated on economic growth based on the income levels of different groups.

ANALISIS FAKTOR KEPUTUSAN PEREMPUAN DI KOTA MALANG UNTUK BEKERJA DI SEKTOR JASA

The female labor force participation rate has been increasing in recent years, and in the city of Malang, women tend to choose to work in the service sector. This research aims to examine the factors that drive the decision of women in Malang to work in the service sector. The method used is Factor Analysis with the goal of reducing and identifying the main factors or dominant factors that influence the decision of women in Malang to work in the service sector. The research findings indicate two main factors: Family Responsibility and Socio-Economic. Another finding in this study is the tendency of female workers to work in the informal sector, and the growth of the service sector can be seen from the many new professions that have become choices for female workers.

Analysis of Labor Force Participation Levels and Number of Employment Through Education on Unemployment Rates in Indonesia

The aim of this research is to identify the influence and explain the contribution of the labor force participation rate and the number of jobs to the unemployment rate. The location taken in this research is Indonesia, with cross-section data from 36 provinces in 2023. Data analysis in this research uses classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing with SPSS. Based on the calculation results, the level of labor force participation through education has a negative and significant influence on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the number of jobs created through education has no effect and is not significant on the unemployment rate. In addition, the labor force participation rate and number of jobs contribute to the unemployment rate of 65.9%. This confirms that the labor force participation rate and the number of jobs have a very significant influence on determining the unemployment rate. The labor force participation rate reflects how much of the population is actively looking for work, while the number of jobs indicates the availability of job opportunities in the economy.

The Influence of Female Workers, Population, and Open Unemployment Rates on Female Labor Force Participation Levels in East Java

This research aims to determine the influence of three key factors that influence the level of labor force participation in East Java province, namely the female workforce, population size, and the female open unemployment rate. This research uses secondary data which involves collecting statistical data from official and trusted sources, such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and other related agencies. Data analysis uses statistical methods and descriptive analysis to gain in-depth insight into the relationships between variables. Based on the calculation results, looking at the relationship between variables, it shows that the relationship between female workers and the female open unemployment rate is negative. Meanwhile, the relationship between population size and the female open unemployment rate is positive. According to the t test calculations, it was found that the variables of female labor and population had a positive and significant influence on the labor force participation rate. Meanwhile, the female open unemployment rate has a negative and significant influence on the labor force participation rate. According to the f test, the results show that the three variables have a positive and significant effect on the level of labor force participation.

Studi Potensi Ekonomi SUB Sektor Pariwisata Religi Terhadap PAD Kabupaten Bangkalan: Pendekatan Prediksi Panel

From year to year, the halal industry trend is increasing in demand. This is caused by consumer trust in halal products. Halal products are increasingly popular because they guarantee cleanliness and safety in their use. Halal products are not only in the financial sector, but more than that, including halal food, halal cosmetics, sharia tourism or halal tourism, and so on. This research aims to determine the effect of government spending, hotel occupancy rates, tax revenues, labor force participation rates, number of tourists, and consumption on Regional GDP per capita. This research uses secondary data obtained from BPS Bangkalan Regency. The data analysis technique uses the common effect model (CEM) as part of panel data. Based on the results of data processing, it was found that hotel occupancy rates, tax revenues, labor force participation rates, number of tourists and consumption had a positive and significant effect on Regional GDP per capita of Bangkalan Regency. The government expenditure variable has a positive relationship, but has no significant effect on the Regional GDP of Bangkalan Regency.

The Relationship of Economic Growth and Implied Tax Subsidy Rates on R&D Expenditures: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis For OECD Countries

The current study examines the effect of implied tax subsidy rates on research and development (R&D) expenditures for large-scale firms on economic growth within the scope of 26 OECD countries. A panel data analysis is employed by using annual data for the period 2004-2020. Difference GMM, one of the dynamic panel data analysis methods, is used in the analysis. Annual growth rate is used as explained variable. Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D, gross fixed capital formation as a share of GDP, secondary school enrollment rate, and the ratio of labor force participation rate are also used as explanatory variables in the estimated model. Results show that there is a statistically significant effect of the implied tax subsidy rates on R&D on economic growth. The tax subsidy rate on R&D expenditures has a positive impact on economic growth. This study underscores the importance of the tax subsidies on R&D expenditures for economic growth.