Income Growth Rates Research Articles

Finances of Centre for Distance Education, Osmania University in Telangana State

The distance and open learning has witnessed a tremendous progress in the recent past in India. The Directorate of Distance Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, is one of the third biggest Universities of Andhra Pradesh. The Osmania University established in 1919, is the seventh oldest in the country, third oldest in South India and the first to be established in the princely State of Hyderabad. One of the basic ideals of Osmania University is to achieve an intellectual synthesis of oriental and occidental learning of the best that has been thought of and said, both in the East and in the West. Further, it aims at a cultural synthesis (as reflected in its architectural variety), the development of a national ethos and the creation of an academic and social environment in which ‘National Integration’ is not a nebulous idea but a tangible reality. The Vision of the University is to generate and disseminate knowledge through a harmonious blend of ancient and modern wisdom, and to serve the society by developing in students heightened intellectual, cultural, ethical and humane sensitivities to foster a scientific temper, and to promote professional and technological expertise. Central to this vision is a commitment to regional and national development in consonance with our culture, heritage and environment. The advantage of CDE of OU is location in the state capital and increased job potential due to number of industries, organizations, Universities, and institutions of state and national level. But owing to establishment of DECs of other Universities in Hyderabad, the enrolment has been gradually decreasing. In CDE of OU, the mean value of consolidated income is registered at high magnitude. Yearly variations in consolidated income are wild and wide but the growth rate in income is moderate. The average income from examination and ‘others’ is moderate. While average income from University is low, it reported high in the case of income from courses. The yearly variations in income are more pronounced in the case of courses and examinations while moderate trend is noticed in the case of income from University and ‘others’. Study material waste should be minimized. Study material shall get printed optimally. In other words, the study material shall be printed on demand-wise and need basis. An appropriate organization model at DEC level shall be developed. The suggested model is that under Director, there shall be two Deputy Directors and four Assistant Directors representing key areas of the administration.

Modeling Finance–Growth Nexus in MENA Region Economies: A Panel Data Analysis

The primary objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between finance and economic growth in a cohort of 16 economies within the MENA region spanning a four-decade period from 1980 to 2021. This study employs panel unit root and panel co-integration analyses to investigate this long-term nexus. The fully modified and dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approaches are utilized to estimate the long-run coefficients. The findings underscore the existence of cross-sectional interdependence among these nations. Furthermore, Pedroni’s panel co-integration research robustly supports the idea of a long-term co-integrating relationship between financial development and economic growth. Our long-run panel estimations reveal a positive and statistically significant impact of financial development on GDP per capita income growth. In addition to this broad analysis, this paper conducts a detailed time-series examination focused on a specific country to validate the robustness of the results. These findings further substantiate the favorable influence of financial development on income growth in the majority of MENA nations. Notably, private sector participation in these economies is found to be alarmingly low. As a result, a significant policy implication of this study underscores the urgent need for policymakers to prioritize measures conducive to private sector expansion. Moreover, enhancing financial inclusion, addressing the crowd-out effect, and tackling non-performing loans are critical areas requiring attention within the MENA region. Furthermore, our research highlights the potential benefits of developing stock markets as part of an optimal strategy to enhance both economic and income growth rates. In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights into the finance–growth nexus in the MENA region, emphasizing the importance of financial development as a driver of economic prosperity and the need for targeted policy initiatives to support private sector growth and financial stability.

The Performance Evaluation Model of Financial Special Rural Revitalization Funds from the Perspective of the Digital Economy

Digital village is the strategic direction of rural revitalization, and also an important part of building a digital China. At present, the construction of digital countryside is advancing, and a reasonable evaluation of the results of rural revitalization can effectively evaluate the use of funds. Therefore, in this study, firstly, based on the economic, social, and ecological perspectives, the fund performance evaluation index system of rural revitalization is constructed. Secondly, the correlation analysis method is used to select the evaluation index, and the combined weight method is employed to obtain the weight of the evaluation index. Finally, according to the extension cloud theory, the performance evaluation model of targeted poverty alleviation is implemented, and an empirical study is conducted on the performance evaluation of S Province with excellent rural revitalization. The results reveal that the income growth rate of the poor population, the incidence of rural poverty, and the rate of good air quality are the most vital indicators, with weights of 0.094, 0.092, and 0.07 respectively. From 2015 to 2021, S Province maintained a high level of environmental performance, while its economic performance and social performance needed to be further improved. The fund performance of rural revitalization experienced four levels: average, medium, good, and excellent, and showed a reverse trend in 2018 and 2021. This study makes a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of rural revitalization by using the extension cloud theory, which provides a reference for the effective use of special funds, and also provides a sufficient scientific basis for the macroeconomic layout.

A Comprehensive Investigation into the Money Demand Function in Cambodia: An Empirical Analysis

The objective of this study is to establish a money demand function in Cambodia. The findings obtained through the ARDL approach to cointegration indicate that real income, consumer price index, and interest rate are cointegrated with real money demand. In terms of the estimated results derived from the long-run model, it is observed that real income has a statistically significant positive impact on real money demand, while the general price level and interest rate have a negative impact. The short-run dynamic model, known as the error correction model, demonstrates that all explanatory variables collectively account for the growth rate of real money balances. In the short-run, the growth rate of real income exhibits a positive relationship with the demand for real money, whereas the inflation rate and changes in interest rate have a significant negative effect on the demand for real money balances. The estimated slope coefficient of the short-run dynamic model, which measures the speed of adjustment, is projected to be 60.67%. This outcome suggests that the real money balance model takes no more than two quarters to adjust towards long-run equilibrium in response to short-run dynamic shocks. Stability tests, such as the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests, indicate that the real money demand function in Cambodia remains stable in the long-term. The findings derived from this study provide empirical evidence in favor of the quantity theory of money.

Ensuring the efficiency of forestry enterprises’ potential management as an element of sustainable development

The paper is devoted to the problems of ensuring the efficiency of forestry enterprises’ potential management. It was determined that forest plays a crucial role in ensuring people’s living conditions, i.e., providing food, fuelwood, medicines, income, and employment, etc. Due to crisis tendencies in the forestry sector which were exacerbated by the full-scale war on the territory of Ukraine, the necessity of improvement of forestry enterprises’ potential management is beyond doubt. The main problems of the forestry sector of Ukraine were outlined. It was determined that the ways of improving the forestry enterprises’ potential management should be considered at national and individual enterprises levels. The peculiarities of the forestry sector reform and its planned outcomes were analyzed. It was proposed to supplement the measures of macroeconomic direction by enhancing the forest certification and implementing a participatory approach in management. Based on correlation and regression analysis, the main directions of measures for individual enterprises were defined. Such directions include reducing the duration of the operating cycle, increasing labour productivity, and increasing the rate of net income growth. The measures within each direction were proposed.

Factors Affecting Inflation Rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A standard study from 1980 to 2016

This study aimed at identifying the factors affecting inflation rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period (1980-2016). To achieve the study purpose, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical model as it suits this phenomenon. A group of variables that are expected to affect the inflation rate in the Saudi economy is selected. These variables are: money supply growth rate, imports of GDP, oil price growth rate, rate of exchange, income growth rate interest rate on the dollar and generate price level. Besides that, a standard model was built based on a series of data of inflation determents for the Saudi economy (1980-2016). The researcher also used the EViews program to tackle the relation among the variables and to obtain the best results. The study reached the following set of results: There is a direct relation between the inflation rate and money supply growth rate, imports of GDP, and general price level. Whereas the money supply growth rate has the strongest impact on inflation followed by imports of GDP, on the other hand, there is an inverse relation with both exchange rate. Meanwhile, the rest of the variables, oil price growth rate, income growth rate, and interest rate on the dollar have no effect on the inflation rate in Saudi Arabia.

Intelligent financial decision support system based on big data

Abstract In the era of big data, data information has exploded, and all walks of life are impacted by big data. The arrival of big data provides the possibility for the realization of intelligent financial analysis of enterprises. At present, most enterprises’ financial analysis and decision-making based on the analysis results are mainly based on human resources, with poor automation and obvious problems in efficiency and error. In order to help the senior management of enterprises to conduct scientific and effective management, the study uses big data web crawler technology and ETL technology to process data and build an intelligent financial decision support system integrating big data together with Internet plus platform. J Group in S Province is taken as an example to study the effect before and after the application of intelligent financial decision support system. The results show that the crawler technology can monitor the basic data and the big data in the industry in real time, and improve the accuracy of decision-making. Through the intelligent financial decision support system which integrates big data, the core indexes such as profit, net asset return, and accounts receivable of the enterprises can be clearly displayed. The system can query the causes of financial changes hidden behind the financial data. Through the intelligent financial decision support system, it is found that the asset liability ratio, current assets growth rate, operating income growth rate, and financial expenses of J Group are 55.27, 10.38, 20.28%, and 1,974 million RMB, respectively. The growth rate of real sales income of J Group is 0.63%, which is 31.27% less than the excellent value of the industry 31.90%. After adopting the intelligent financial decision support system, the monthly financial statements of the enterprises increase significantly, and the monthly report analysis time decreases. The maximum number of financial statements received by the Group per month is 332, and the processing time at this time is only 2 h. According to the results, it can be seen that the intelligent financial decision support system integrating big data as the research result can effectively improve the financial management level of enterprises, improve the usefulness of financial decision-making, and make practical contributions to the field of corporate financial decision-making.

Research on the Impact of Inclusive Finance on Urban-rural Income Inequality in the Context of Rural Revitalization

Inclusive finance has the inherent advantage of fostering rural regeneration. As a result, the role of financial institutions in promoting regional revitalization, which is a national strategy, will be fully clarified, and the income disparity between urban and rural areas can be further reduced. Based mainly on Williamson's concept of economic management, this project analyzes the interaction between the development of inclusive finance and rural regeneration in our country, especially the income gap between urban and rural areas. Conduct comprehensive diagnostic research on the current state of financial inclusion by focusing on analyzing the development status and challenges of inclusive finance in rural areas and clarifying the importance of further development of inclusive finance. Second, taking into account the lessons learned from foreign indicators of comprehensive financial development, the indicators of comprehensive financial development should be considered, taking into account indicators such as financial geographic penetration, financing through product contact, and user friendliness. Establishing a system for measuring the degree, building indicators of rural comprehensive finance based on six perspectives, and based on the data analysis of the above indicators, the development of comprehensive finance will affect the income growth rate between urban and rural residents. We will continue to study the effects on inequality and try to prove that: The development of inclusive finance can effectively reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents. Villagers conclude that inclusive finance plays a positive role in facilitating the expected completion of rural regeneration. Finally, it proposes rationalizations for inclusive finance to play a greater role in reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas.

Analysis of trends and determinants of the «Big 4» companies in the global audit market

The object of research is the «Big 4» – a group of the largest international auditing companies, which includes: Deloitte (Great Britain), PricewaterhouseCoopers (USA), Ernst&Young (Great Britain) and KPMG (Netherlands). The target market of the «Big Four» companies is mainly large companies operating in various sectors of the world economy and regions of the world. Over the years, the «Big 4» companies have been leading the global audit services market and growing their revenues. Companies offer audit, tax and consulting services to their clients. This study is aimed at determining and evaluating the influence of the state of the world economy on the performance of companies and identifying the key endogenous determinants of the sustainability of their development. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of growth rates of global gross domestic product and aggregate global income of the «Big 4» companies during 2009–2022 showed their similarity, but not identity. The annual growth rates of the «Big 4» aggregate income mostly exceeded similar indicators of the global gross domestic product. The conducted correlation-regression analysis of the dependence of the aggregate revenues of the «Big 4» companies on the economic situation in the world confirmed the significant influence of the state of the world economy on the performance of the «Big 4» and made it possible to determine the level of this influence. A number of endogenous determinants contributing to the sustainable development of a group of companies in an unstable economic environment have been identified: the target segment (the largest international and national companies), broad industry diversification and geographical coverage of client companies, timely updating of the range of services in accordance with demand, effective international marketing strategies, use innovative technologies, highly professional management and company personnel.

Inequality and growth in China

We provide estimates of the effects that income inequality has on economic growth in China. Our empirical analysis is at the county level. Using data provided by the China Health and Nutrition Survey, we construct measures of inequality and the growth rates of household incomes per capita for 72 Chinese counties during the period 1989–2015. System-GMM estimates of panel models show that the within-county effect of inequality on economic growth is significantly decreasing in initial average income. For the relatively low levels of initial average incomes that were prevalent in China during the 1980s and 1990s, our model estimates imply that the increase in inequality that occurred in China during the 1980s and 1990s had a significant positive effect on economic growth. However, for current levels of average income, our panel model predicts that inequality has a negative effect on economic growth: a 1 percentage point increase in the Gini would reduce the per annum growth rate by around 1 percentage point.

Exploring the benefit distribution mechanism of the reservoir migrant industry based on the logistic regression model

Abstract The establishment of an industrial benefit distribution mechanism for reservoir migrants in water conservancy and hydropower projects is a crucial part. This paper establishes the logistic regression model with gradient descent by deriving the objective function and using the gradient descent method to solve its approximate solution. Then, the model is applied to predict the total income and total expenditure of reservoir migrants before and after agricultural resettlement and tertiary resettlement, and the criteria for benefit compensation distribution are given based on the comparison before and after relocation. In the case of agricultural resettlement, the average share of equal compensation in the first 5 years accounts for 54.67% of the predicted income, and the predicted average annual growth rate of net income per capita is 17.86% with a discount rate of 3.12%. In the tertiary placement case, the predicted growth rates of wage income in the first 5 years are 7.49%, 4.84%, 10.56%, and 1.15%, respectively, and the average annual growth rate of transfer income is 7.01%, and the average annual growth rate of government subsidies is 0.80%. The prediction accuracy of the logistic regression model based on gradient decline reached 84.14%, and the analysis of the distribution of industrial benefits for reservoir migrants was credible. To let the living standard of migrants recover and exceed the level of non-relocation as soon as possible, it is necessary to give migrants certain compensation for production and life recovery based on the living standard measurement index.

Exploring the Key Factors Influencing Sustainable Urban Renewal from the Perspective of Multiple Stakeholders

A successful urban renewal policy, process, and project implementation should advocate sustainable development from economic, social, and environmental perspectives. As different stakeholders have different interests and insights into the importance of the environment, housing, social wellbeing, and economic concerns, they often have different ideas concerning how to develop urban renewal strategies and implement projects. Although previous studies have focused on the opinions of governments and academics, fewer studies have considered the direct beneficiaries of urban renewal—the residents. This study examined the key factors that influence sustainable urban renewal from the perspective of multiple stakeholders, including local governments, residents, developers, and designers. Social network analysis (SNA) and the reliability interval method (RIM) were integrated to form a SNA-RIM analytical framework to analyze the importance of the influencing factors. The results showed that the adjustment of the regional industrial structure, employment opportunities, and environmental qualification improvement had the most significant influence on sustainable urban renewal from economic, social, and environmental perspectives, respectively. In addition, different types of stakeholders do not value sustainability indicators in the same way. Local governments place more emphasis on return on investment, employment opportunities, and environmental qualification improvement, whereas residents focus on per capita income growth rate, public service facilities, and convenience of municipal infrastructure. Developers are most interested in the land value growth rate, public service facilities, and effective land use space, whereas designers attach the greatest importance to the adjustment of regional industrial structure, public service facilities, and effective land use space. Therefore, this study can help urban planners and decision makers balance the interests, seek common benefits for different types of stakeholders, and improve sustainable and inclusive urban renewal.

Optimal retirement savings over the life cycle: A deterministic analysis in closed form

In this paper, we explore the life cycle consumption-savings problem in a stylized model with a risk-free investment opportunity, a tax-deferred retirement account, and deterministic labor income. Our closed form solutions show that liquidity constraints can be severely binding; in particular in situations with a high growth rate of labor income, in which retirement saving is optimally postponed. With a tax-deferred account, it is always optimal to save in this (illiquid) account first before saving in the (liquid) taxable account in order to satisfy the needs for consumption smoothing. The optimal retirement savings pattern is far from the widespread practice of contributing a fixed fraction of current labor income over the working life to a tax-deferred environment.

Application of klassen typology in the pattern of environmental carrying capacity and its role in regional economic development

Each region in Indonesia has unique characteristics, resource availability, and resource resilience. In this aspect, resilience refers to a system’s capacity to absorb disruptions without losing stability. Environmental carrying capacity demonstrates the necessity of environmental resilience for economic activity. The objective of the study was to determine how the environmental carrying capacity would be spread across Indonesia between 2013 and 2019. The Klassen typology analysis approach takes into account the endogenous characteristics through the environment’s ability to promote regional economic growth. The findings indicate that just 26% of provinces have the environmental carrying capacity to operate efficiently. It was apparent from the high per capita income growth rate and good environmental capacity. Many provinces have not managed their economic affairs in a way that has improved the well-being of the people. Policy priorities can be modified to align their designation with the relevant area classification. Moreover, good coordination and collaboration are required to preserve and enhance the environment, particularly between provincial and municipal governments.

ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ НЕРІВНОСТІ РОЗПОДІЛУ ДОХОДІВ НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ У ВОЄННИЙ І ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

The article highlights the main problems of inequality in the distribution of income of the population, which is an inherent feature of a market economy, which in turn increases the dynamism of the labor market and is a stimulus for economic growth in the country. Characteristic signs of differentiation arise under the influence of various factors that have an economic, demographic or political essence. The main economic factors in modern realities can be considered: peculiarities of the functioning of the labor market, the level of development of the industry or a separate region of the country, as well as factors of demand, supply and distribution. Conducting an active and regulatory policy in the field of income distribution by the state makes it possible to avoid significant inequality. The problem of inequality of income distribution is one of the oldest and leads to social tension in society, therefore it requires detailed study and development of regulatory measures. Analysis and assessment of income inequality is carried out using various approaches and methodologies. They are aimed at the precise definition and development of effective measures that can be used to control the level of inequality and poverty. The growth rates of the population's income achieved in Ukraine give reason for only limited optimism, because compared to developed foreign countries, they are meager, and a significant part of the country's population is below the poverty line. Therefore, current realities dictate the need to deepen scientific research on the identification of negative socio-economic phenomena and the development of fundamentally new measures aimed at increasing incomes and reducing their differentiation.

Rural Financial of Rural Revitalization Support on Farmers' Income: An Empirical Study from Anhui Province, China

Under the background of rural revitalization, rural finance is the driving force to promote rural economic development and the pillar to achieve the strategic goal of rural revitalization. The VAR model of the relationship between farmers' income growth rate and rural financial support, rural financial support and industrial structure was constructed, taking the rural financial data of Anhui Province from 1999 to 2017 as samples. And the impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis were conducted. The empirical results show that the growth rate of farmers' income is greatly affected by rural financial support policies.

Assessment of the level of development of the economic potential of the regions of Kazakhstan

The aim of the article was to thoroughly analyze the current state of the economy of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and identify problems hindering the intensive development of individual regions and develop recommendations and proposals to overcome them. To achieve this goal, the following indicators were selected: 1) the growth rate of the gross regional product; 2) the growth rate of gross regional product per capita; 3) grouping of regions by the growth rate of GRP per capita; 4) gross value added per employed employee; 5) the share of gross regional product in the GDP of the Republic of Kazakhstan; 6) the rate of income growth of the population. The research was carried out using the following methods: economic analysis and synthesis, statistical-economic, computational-constructive and economic interpretation of statistical data. The primary statistical data have been processed and their final values are presented in tabular form, the grouping of indicators has been carried out and the necessary economic generalizations have been made. The information base of the research was compiled by the data of the "Bureau of National Statistics", the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan are classified into groups depending on the growth rate of gross value added, the specific weights of individual regions in the structure of the gross domestic product of the Republic of Kazakhstan are calculated, in order to rank regions by their contribution to the GDP of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The economic factors constraining the development of the economy of individual regions are identified and proposals are given to overcome these barriers. Thus, for the intensive development of both lagging and average regions, it is recommended to improve intersectoral and interregional economic ties between them. In this regard, the problem of insufficient development of industries engaged in harvesting, storage and processing of agricultural products is particularly acute. This issue is especially relevant for the southern and southeastern regions of the country. It is recommended to invest more material, technical and financial resources in the sphere of transportation, storage and processing of the agro-industrial complex.

Globalization and Per Capita Income Growth in Emerging Economies

In this study, the efficacy of globalization in influencing income growth within the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1982 to 2020 is being examined. The “Konjunkturforschungsstelle Globalization Index” (KOFGI) was used to measure globalization at the overall, economic, social, and political level, while income growth was captured using the growth rate of gross national income per capita. The data employed in the analysis were gotten from World Bank and KOFGI database. The analysis follows a sequential order of unit root test based on the augmented Dickey-Fuller, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test for cointegration, and error correction model. The unit root test revealed that the order of integration of the variables were mixed at levels and first difference. The bounds test showcased that all the dimensions of globalization exhibited long-run association with income growth. The short-run result indicated that globalization wielded a negative and significant effect on income growth. A unit percent increase in globalization put forth a 1.3818% decrease in income growth. In the long-run, globalization however exerted a positive but insignificant sway on income growth in the SSA. The implication of this is that though globalization poses a short-run negative impact on income growth, the SSA can move along the learning curve to derive some long-term benefits that emanate from global interactions. It becomes pertinent for the SSA to see globalization as a long-term avenue for propelling income growth, bearing in mind that the short-run negative effect can be corrected periodically as the economy moves along the learning curve of globalization.

Inequality and identity salience

This paper provides a simple model of identity salience that is applied to the phenomenon of the recent rise in right-wing populism in the Western world. Trade and capital flows, skill-biased technological change, and migration have led to declining employment and wages in these economies and a parallel rise in economic and cultural populism, tapping into nativist sentiments. We argue that when long-term income stagnation for most of the population and decline for some go together with high rates of income growth at the very top, one has zero-sum economics and that naturally raises the possibility of using various kinds of social identities to claim a bigger share of a fixed sized pie. We show that in ethnically or racially polarized societies this naturally leads to the salience of social identities that enable majority ethnic groups to vote for policies that exclude minority groups so that they get a greater share of a dwindling surplus. In contrast, in more ethnically and racially homogeneous societies, this would instead lead to the demand for more pro-redistribution policies that involve greater provision of public goods.

The impact of higher rent levels on private health insurance enrollment: An exploratory analysis for a single state, Virginia

AbstractThis exploratory empirical study proffers and empirically examines the following two hypotheses: the higher the monthly rent levels being charged for apartments, the lower the percent of the population age 18 years to age 65 that opts to obtain private (whether group or individual) health insurance: and the greater the percentage growth rate of median household income, the greater the growth in the capacity to purchase health insurance. Panel 2SLS estimation provides what may be viewed as at least preliminary empirical support for both hypotheses. Certain policy implications are suggested.