Human Population Growth Rates Research Articles

The link between human population dynamics and energy consumption during the Anthropocene

Our present world is the consequence of the size of the human population and its domination of the biosphere through the combustion of fossil fuels. Since ~1950, there has been a sudden increase in the rate of human global energy consumption, economic productivity, and population growth. This abrupt departure of the system dynamics has been defined as the “Great Acceleration.” The accelerated population and economic expansion during the past 70 years would have been impossible without using fossil fuels. However, no studies have made an explicit connection between human population dynamics on a global scale and historical changes in energy consumption growth rates, economic growth, and the energy return on investment of fossil fuels (EROI). In this study, I apply a simple population dynamic model of cooperation/competition to decipher the effects of changes in these factors on the dynamics of the human population during the period (1800–2020).

Contrasting patterns of land-cover change between early and late successional forests in a tropical montane cloud forest area managed under the milpa system

Land cover dynamics (LCD) in areas affected by different management types are hard to predict. Such is the case of tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) areas in Mexico. The millenary itinerant milpa involves local cyclical deforestation and natural reforestation dynamics with long-lasting fallow periods. Conversely, induced grasslands for cattle, non-traditional maize cultivation with short fallow periods, and sedentary agriculture involve persistent deforestation rates. Also, human density changes could alter LCD. Ignoring such factors may lead to equivocal conclusions. We analyzed LCD using remote sensing analyses with LANDSAT images during two periods (1993–2005, 2005–2014) in a TMCF area in Sierra Norte, Oaxaca, affected by milpas, sedentary agriculture, and grasslands. We divided the study area into six indigenous sub-regions with different human population growth rates (HPG). We identified five land-cover types: mature forests (MF) dominated by TMCF species, early successional pine forests (PF), shrubby fallows (SH), croplands (milpas and more sedentary maize croplands together), and grasslands. We show that: (a) The 1993–2005 period was more variable than the 2005–2014 period, 27 % vs. 21 % of the total area displayed transitions into another class. (b) MF area dominated (277,128 ha), increased from 1993 (64.0 %) to 2014 (67.6 %), and was not statistically associated with HPG. (c) PFs decreased from 27 % in 1993 to 15 % in 2014, and their rate of change was negatively associated with HPG. (d) The total forest area (MF + PF) decreased by 9.3 %. (f) Grasslands, SHs, and croplands fluctuated between periods and sub-regions, but none exceeded 7 % of the total area. (g) Grasslands showed the greatest increase rate, mainly at the expense of forestlands. (h) The grassland and SH increments were positively associated with HPG. The heterogeneity in LCD among periods and sub-regions reveals the relevance of considering temporal and spatial scales within the same region. The persistence of MF and the PF decrease can be ascribed to the disruption of the successional dynamics related to the decline of the traditional milpa enforced by federal and state policies at the beginning of the 21st century, the sedentarization of agriculture, local conservation areas, increases of induced pastures, and human emigration. Although Sierra Norte is an essential reservoir of TMCFs, the decline of the total forest area, particularly secondary forests, is of concern given their roles in resilience and as carbon, culture, and biodiversity reservoirs. Humid mid-elevation areas of Sierra Norte are one of the few examples of mature forest persistence and secondary forest decline.

A STUDY OF POPULATION GROWTH AND ITS SOCIETAL EFFECTS IN BALI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

Human beings evolved under conditions of high mortality due to famine, diseases and relatively low fertility rate. In the recent years, human population has drawn attention to the global issues because of the alarming growth rate. The study focused on growth rate of human population and its societal effects. A questionnaire was developed and administered among 389 respondents selected for the study. Also population figures of the area of study was obtained from 2006 National Population Bulletin and information from settlement, farm land, vegetation, build-up, water and others were obtained through Global Positioning System (GPS). The statistical analysis used for the study includes correlation, analysis of variance, and exponential modelling and simulation study. The results of the analysis showed that the settlement, water usage and farm land increases while vegetation reduces in years 1986, 2005 and 2012.The simulation studies carried out because of availability of relevant data showed an exponential trend of population growth. A population projected indicated a carrying capacity of 322,160 people in the next 30 years and a growth rate of 1.81%. We recommended that the local government should consider population growth at all level of education in its budget. There should be a study of population growth at every level of education; social amenities should be increased as the population increases. The study also recommends for the evaluation of technological, pollution and the social trends on a vital coefficient and the fertility rates for at most 3 years to determine the variation in the population growth.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Poverty in North Sumatra Province (Period 2015-2020)

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of economic growth, human development index, population growth, and unemployment rate on poverty in North Sumatra Province. The type of data used in this research is the type of quantitative data with secondary data. The object of this research is all regencies/cities in North Sumatra Province which consists of 33 regencies/cities. This study uses panel data, which combines time series and cross section data for 6 years, from 2015 to 2020. The data analysis method used in this study is the panel data regression analysis method with the Eviews10 analysis tool. The results of the research based on panel data regression analysis method show that economic growth, human development index, population growth, and unemployment rate have a simultaneous effect on poverty. Partially, economic growth has a negative and significant effect on poverty, the human development index has a negative and significant effect on poverty, population growth has a positive and significant effect on poverty, and the unemployment rate has a positive and significant effect on poverty. The policy implication in this research is that the government is expected to be more serious in creating an investment climate by developing Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and Industrial Estates (KI), improving government performance through the Family Hope Program (PKH), implementing Family Planning (KB) programs and delaying the age of birth. marriage to suppress population growth, and the use of Pre-Employment Cards to reduce unemployment. Keywords: Economic Growth, Human Development Index,Population Growth, Unemployment Rate, Poverty

Ecological human imprint: Agroecosystem in Egypt analysis and perspective

The agroecosystem is an integral part of the natural resources available to human beings for use and the continuation of the life cycle on Earth. Agroecosystems are complex systems where many species interact with ecological processes at differ-ent spatial scales and strong interactions between environmental and management procedures (Loeuille et al., 2013). Therefore, these systems encompass ecological-ly, and decision networks connected and perform different functions, leading to a wide range of ecosystem services. They are also linked at the landscape scale, making their management difficult. However, these complex interactions can be formalized within the general concepts of interaction networks, and these can be used to elaborate the interactions within and between ecology and management explicitly. Without an agroecosystem, life on this Earth will stop, and the drivers of all ecological life cycles will not continue functioning. Energy is the essential factor that makes the working process of human survivability possible. According to World Population Clock, human population growth is alarming in Egypt (i.e., 104 million people and continues to increase by 2.2 million people annually [Macro-trends about Egyptian Population Growth Rate). Therefore, the ecological human imprint will impact Egyptian Earth's natural resources in the form of more con-sumption and demands that will affect Egyptian social and economic issues. Sustainability will be accomplished if we live within the concept of nature, control-ling our human population growth to reduce the impacts of the demands of natu-ral resources. In this respect, sustainability will not be achieved by economic growth alone; instead, the biosphere's natural resources must be able to replenish and allow the natural resources to regenerate themselves to support the growing human population. Egypt's agroecosystems are facing declining fertile lands, reduction in water re-sources, and expansion of the human population on the agricultural lands for housing and other activities without control. The concentration of the Human Population of Egypt is occupying 4-5% of the total land. It is due to the lack of infrastructure available in the rest of the lands of Egypt (i.e., 96- 97% is desert ex-cept around the river Nile). The Ecological Human Imprint (EHI), as indicated by Shakir Hanna et al. 2017, is a measuring tool for assessing the carrying capacity of an area regarding the use of the planet's natural resources. Therefore, the "Egyp-tian Agroecosystem Human Imprint Assessment (EAHIA) Model" (Shakir Hanna, 2021) indicates the magnitude of the impact of the growing human population on the agroecosystems of Egypt. In addition, the model predicts that the human pop-ulation will reach 187 million people in the year 2050 and may be double by the year 2100 in a reasonable assumption of increased human population growth rate at 1.1%; otherwise, there will be disastrous conditions and the spread of the "Hun-ger Revolution." In addition, the model will calculate the agroecosystem lands, water resources availability, and their production and productivity and economy in Egypt. It predicts the changes and impacts of agriculture systems economically and socially in Egypt and promotes conservation to save agricultural lands from deterioration.

Government Policy Overview of the Total Unemployment Rate in East Java 2001-2021: Evidence Vector Error Correction Model Approach

This article aims to provide a summary of local governments' strategies as well as long- and short-term perspectives on the effects of East Java Province's population growth rate and Human Development Index on unemployment. This article's technique involves analyzing the impact of the dependent variable on the independent variable using parametric quantitative methodologies. In order to see both the short- and long-term consequences, an analysis of the Vector Error Correction Model is employed as the analytical model. The findings indicate that the Human Development Index and population growth rate have a short-term negative impact on unemployment in the province of East Java. In contrast, population growth in East Java Province has a beneficial effect on the rise in unemployment when considered over the long term. The Millennial Job Center and other programs are a long-term answer to the problem of unemployment in the province of East Java

Mycelium-Based Composite: The Future Sustainable Biomaterial.

Because of the alarming rate of human population growth, technological improvement should be needed to save the environment from pollution. The practice of business as usual on material production is not creating a circular economy. The circular economy refers to an economic model whose objective is to produce goods and services sustainably, by limiting the consumption and waste of resources (raw materials, water, and energy). Fungal-based composites are the recently implemented technology that fulfills the concept of the circular economy. It is made with the complex of fungi mycelium and organic substrates by using fungal mycelium as natural adhesive materials. The quality of the composite depends on both types of fungi and substrate. To ensure the physicochemical property of the fabricated composite, mycelium morphology, bimolecular content, density, compressive strength, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity were determined. This composite is proven to be used for different applications such as packaging, architectural designs, walls, and insulation. It also has unique features in terms of low cost, low emission, and recyclable.

Modeling land use change and forest carbon stock changes in temperate forests in the United States

BackgroundForests provide the largest terrestrial sink of carbon (C). However, these C stocks are threatened by forest land conversion. Land use change has global impacts and is a critical component when studying C fluxes, but it is not always fully considered in C accounting despite being a major contributor to emissions. An urgent need exists among decision-makers to identify the likelihood of forest conversion to other land uses and factors affecting C loss. To help address this issue, we conducted our research in California, Colorado, Georgia, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. The objectives were to (1) model the probability of forest conversion and C stocks dynamics using USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data and (2) create wall-to-wall maps showing estimates of the risk of areas to convert from forest to non-forest. We used two modeling approaches: a machine learning algorithm (random forest) and generalized mixed-effects models. Explanatory variables for the models included ecological attributes, topography, census data, forest disturbances, and forest conditions. Model predictions and Landsat spectral information were used to produce wall-to-wall probability maps of forest change using Google Earth Engine.ResultsDuring the study period (2000–2017), 3.4% of the analyzed FIA plots transitioned from forest to mixed or non-forested conditions. Results indicate that the change in land use from forests is more likely with increasing human population and housing growth rates. Furthermore, non-public forests showed a higher probability of forest change compared to public forests. Areas closer to cities and coastal areas showed a higher risk of transition to non-forests. Out of the six states analyzed, Colorado had the highest risk of conversion and the largest amount of aboveground C lost. Natural forest disturbances were not a major predictor of land use change.ConclusionsLand use change is accelerating globally, causing a large increase in C emissions. Our results will help policy-makers prioritize forest management activities and land use planning by providing a quantitative framework that can enhance forest health and productivity. This work will also inform climate change mitigation strategies by understanding the role that land use change plays in C emissions.

Socio-Hydrological Approach to Explore Groundwater–Human Wellbeing Nexus: Case Study from Sundarbans, India

Coastal regions are the residence of an enormously growing population. In spite of rich biodiversity, coastal ecosystems are extremely vulnerable due to hydroclimatic factors with probable impact on socio-economy. Since the last few decades, researchers and policymakers were attracted towards the existing water demand–resource relationship to predict its future trends and prioritize better water resource management options. Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) serves the wholesome purpose of modeling diverse aspects of decision analysis using water algorithm equations for proper planning of water resource management. In this study, future groundwater demand (domestic, agricultural, and livestock sector) in the fragile Sundarbans ecosystem was estimated considering different human population growth rates (high, low, and current) for 2011–2050. The results showed that the sustainability of coastal aquifer-dependent rural livelihood is expected to face great danger in the near future. The total groundwater demand is expected to rise by approximately 17% at the current growth rate in the study area to fulfill the domestic and agricultural requirement, while this value goes up to around 35% for a higher growth rate and around 4% for a lower growth rate. The impact of increasing groundwater demand was analyzed further to identify any socio-economic shifts in this region.

Insect frass in the development of sustainable agriculture. A review

Given the current rate of human population growth, the mass breeding of insects for feed and food is in full industrial development, as a more efficient and effective alternative to conventional livestock for the production of animal protein. In these industries, the production of insect excreta (frass) represents one of the main outputs of the process, being up to 40 times greater than the production of animal biomass, which is why its use as organic fertilizer to replace the use of agrochemicals is considered a viable alternative in the development of sustainable agriculture and a circular economy. Through a review of all the existing literature, this article highlights the following benefits of the use of insect frass as organic fertilizer in sustainable agriculture: (1) contribution of nutrients to the soil, mainly nitrogen, easily assimilated by plant tissues; (2) addition of biomolecules and microorganisms that promote plant growth; and (3) increased tolerance to abiotic stresses and resistance to pathogens and pests due to the presence of different compounds and microorganisms. Therefore, insect frass from the mass breeding of insects for feed and food represents an important source of effective organic fertilizer for use in sustainable agriculture.

Effect of decreasing population growth-rate on deforestation and population sustainability

ABSTRACT We consider the effect of non-constant parameters on the human-forest interaction logistic model coupled with human technological growth introduced in [1]. In recent years in fact, a decrease in human population growth rate has emerged which can be measured to about 1.7% drop per year since 1960 value, which coincides with latest UN projections for next decades up to year 2100 [2]. We therefore consider here the effect of decreasing human population growth-rate on the aforementioned model and we evaluate its effect on the probability of survival of human civilization without going through a catastrophic population collapse. We find that for realistic values of the human population carrying capacity of the earth (measured by the parameter β) this decrease would not affect previous results, leading to a low probability of avoiding a catastrophic collapse. For larger more optimistic values of β instead, a decrease in growth-rate would tilt the probability in favor of a positive outcome, i.e. from 10–20% up to even 95% likelihood of avoiding collapse.

Lunar and off Earth resource drivers, estimations and the development conundrum

All human enterprise is based on the acquisition and use of natural resources. Space exploration highlights our greatest example of the potential utility and economic savings that would be gained in providing what is needed to spur large-scale settlement growth and operations during gravity-well hopping. As opposed to the pure economics behind resource location, extraction and production on Earth, the fruitful, successful and sustainable human expansion off Earth makes it imperative that we fully understand the distribution and abundance of extraterrestrial resources, combined with current technological capabilities and a highly defined user-base before human landing site selection can occur. A working model and methodology, entitled Planetary Resource Management System (PRMS), adapted from the terrestrial petroleum exploration model, serves as a guideline for defining extraterrestrial prospecting, which ultimately provides criteria for the selection of human landing sites. Correct selection, in fruition, will enable highly self-sustainable and growing human settlements on the lunar surface or elsewhere. Further discussions addressing the continued and potentially distracting misuse of common space-goals marketing points, used in promoting extraterrestrial mining and in situ resource utilization (ISRU), are examined in light of big picture usage, infrastructure and a priori needs. The present exemplar of extremely slow human population growth rates off Earth highlights the need for implementing the single concise goal of establishing growing and self-sustained human settlements on other worlds. Such a distinct goal will circularly drive the need for in situ resources and commercialization that the historical acquisition of basic scientific knowledge alone is incapable of rendering.

Deforestation, Carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere and global warming: A modelling study

ABSTRACT In this paper, a mathematical model has been formulated by considering carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, human population, forest biomass and global warming as separate compartments. It is assumed that human and forest biomasses grow logistically. It is assumed that the growth rate of human population is affected by global warming through different natural and human activities. Also, it is considered that global warming of the environment increases gradually due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as well as deforestation. Different equilibrium points have been determined. Also, the stability of our proposed system has been explored around these equilibrium points. Hopf bifurcation analysis have been done with respect to some important parameters of our proposed model. Finally, some numerical simulation results have been presented to verify our theoretical results.

Projecting Mammal Distributions in Response to Future Alternative Landscapes in a Rapidly Transitioning Region

Finding balance between the needs of people and wildlife is an essential component of planning sustainable landscapes. Because mammals make up a diverse and ecologically important taxon with varying responses to human disturbance, we used representative mammal species to examine how alternative land-use policies might affect their habitats and distributions in the near future. We used wildlife detections from camera traps at 1591 locations along a large-scale urban to wild gradient in northern Virginia, to create occupancy models which determined land cover relationships and the drivers of contemporary mammal distributions. From the 15 species detected, we classified five representative species into two groups based on their responses to human development; sensitive species (American black bears and bobcats) and synanthropic species (red foxes, domestic cats, and white-tailed deer). We then used the habitat models for the representative species to predict their distributions under four future planning scenarios based on strategic versus reactive planning and high or low human population growth. The distributions of sensitive species did not shrink drastically under any scenario, whereas the distributions of synanthropic species increased in response to anthropogenic development, but the magnitude of the response varied based on the projected rate of human population growth. This is likely because most sensitive species are dependent on large, protected public lands in the region, and the majority of projected habitat losses should occur in non-protected private lands. These findings illustrate the importance of public protected lands in mitigating range loss due to land use changes, and the potential positive impact of strategic planning in further mitigating mammalian diversity loss in private lands.

Impacts of environmental and socio-economic factors on emergence and epidemic potential of Ebola in Africa

Recent outbreaks of animal-borne emerging infectious diseases have likely been precipitated by a complex interplay of changing ecological, epidemiological and socio-economic factors. Here, we develop modelling methods that capture elements of each of these factors, to predict the risk of Ebola virus disease (EVD) across time and space. Our modelling results match previously-observed outbreak patterns with high accuracy, and suggest further outbreaks could occur across most of West and Central Africa. Trends in the underlying drivers of EVD risk suggest a 1.75 to 3.2-fold increase in the endemic rate of animal-human viral spill-overs in Africa by 2070, given current modes of healthcare intervention. Future global change scenarios with higher human population growth and lower rates of socio-economic development yield a 1.63-fold higher likelihood of epidemics occurring as a result of spill-over events. Our modelling framework can be used to target interventions designed to reduce epidemic risk for many zoonotic diseases.

Trends in legal and illegal trade of wild birds: a global assessment based on expert knowledge

Wildlife trade is a profitable economic activity. Birds are among the most heavily traded animals worldwide, with numerous species threatened by pet trade. Information on both legal and illegal aspects of trade and consumer demand is difficult to obtain across different countries, particularly given substantial socio-economic and cultural variation. Focusing on consumer demand in each country, we conducted a global survey among 105 international experts on bird conservation to identify expected trends, drivers and market characteristics of legal and illegal wild-caught pet bird trade. Our results suggest that future trends in legal bird trade will be mostly driven by socio-cultural motivations and intentional demand for wild-caught, rather than captive-bred birds. Bird popularity and rarity are the main factors expected to influence the choice of which bird species will be the most traded legally. Percentage of rural population was the main national-level socio-economic predictor for legal bird trade in the future. Demand for future illegal trade is expected to be driven by bird popularity and particular species identity. Experts consider illegal trade to be sustained mainly by consumers from higher socio-economic and educational backgrounds. Human population growth rate was the main national-level socio-economic predictor of illegal trade expected for the future. Legislation enforcement remains a critical issue in wildlife trade. Expanding trade networks and socio-economic changes continue to incorporate new regions into the wildlife trade. Investigating the multidimensional and synergistic determinants of wildlife trade will thus help address potential detrimental impacts bird trade might cause on biodiversity.

Development of Mathematical Model to Control Human Population

In this article an effort has been made for a stochastic model of intrinsic rate of human population growth of India and studied when the couples at the personal level decide whether to continue child bearing or not is made on the basis of desired number of male Childs. The aim of developing such a model of intrinsic rate of population growth in terms of bio-social parameters is to study the growth rate of ultimate stable population implied when couples adopt family building process based on desired number of living male child. The departure of the proposed formulation from traditional approach makes it more realistic and relevant from the point of view of bio-social parameters shaping human reproduction. In terms of long run nature of growth rate of population. This model explains the sensitiveness of the biosocial parameters such as female's age at marriage time, survival chance of mother, spacing between births etc. It will also help to stimulate the consequences of alternating bio-social parameters shaping human reproduction

Rural–Urban Gradients and Human Population Dynamics

Rural–urban gradients offer an appropriate ecological framework for understanding relevant social issues to sustainability and policy planning. We tested the hypothesis that human population growth rate at a local scale is indirectly driven by spatial and rurality gradients, which can be applied to cultural landscapes in Mediterranean Europe. The whole of local administrative/spatial units of Spain—8125 municipalities—, previously classified into five categories along a rural–urban gradient, was used as a case study. Several geospatial patterns and associations among local average per capita population growth rate, population mean age, road accessibility, and other environmental and landscape variables linked to rurality gradients were identified by means of geographic information system (GIS) and multivariate statistics. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between population size changes through time and other demographic and territorial variables. Population growth rate was associated with road accessibility and rurality gradient, supporting the established hypothesis. Short-term population growth or decline was directly driven by population mean age. A visual hypothesized model of local population growth rate based on empirical evidence is presented. The results are useful for decision-makers, from local land management interventions to developing strategies and policies to address the demographic challenge.

Scaling up a one-health model of conservation through public health: experiences in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Abstract Background Endangered mountain gorillas are threatened by habitat destruction, wildlife poaching, and disease—factors exacerbated by high levels of human poverty and population growth rates in and around Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. In 2003, Conservation Through Public Health (CTPH) was founded when fatal scabies skin disease outbreaks in Bwindi gorillas were traced to local communities who had inadequate access to basic health services. In 2007, CTPH implemented volunteer community-based family planning and later trained village health and conservation teams. These teams, using the one-health approach, promoted family planning, health, and conservation. The work resulted in a three-fold increase in family-planning users, reduced incidence of gorilla disease, and greater community support for conservation. Further, women become more involved in conservation and men become more involved in family planning. Here, we describe the scaling up of the one-health approach to protected areas in Africa. Methods In 2015, CTPH expanded the model of village health and conservation teams, sustained by village savings and loan associations, to a protected area with gorillas, at Mikeno and Mount Tshiabirimu sectors of Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and to a non-protected gorilla area in Bukwo, Kween, and Bulambuli Districts of Mount Elgon National Park, Uganda. Both areas have high poverty levels and human population densities. Staff from CTPH monitored the project; village health and conservation teams collected data at household level. Findings Between 2015 and 2017, 81 000 people from 13 000 households in 139 villages in five districts were reached by 163 village health and conservation teams. Teams established ten financially stable networks that had group livestock to generate income that was reinvested in Village Savings and Loan Associations. Some households had improved water sanitation and hygiene, and 1597 patients with scabies were referred to the nearest health centre, as were 35 people with tuberculosis and 1674 with malnutrition. There was also an uptake of family planning services, including: implants (571 people), the contraceptive pill (479), intrauterine devices (119), tubal ligation (163), and side-effects management (749). At Mount Elgon, 9652 homes planted trees. Contraceptives from the Ministry of Health in Uganda, were provided free of charge to 3829 people in Mount Elgon and 285 people in Virunga. Interpretation CTPH's one-health approach has promoted better family planning, population, health, and conservation in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Scaling up requires more resources and dedicated organisational, governmental, professional, and community collaborations. Funding Global Development Network Japanese Social Development Fund.

Prevention of Cryptosporidium and GIARDIA at the Human/Gorilla/Livestock Interface.

Mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) are critically endangered and found in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest and Virunga Volcanoes. Habitat destruction, high human population growth rates, poverty, and disease are threatening the survival of mountain gorillas. A study implemented in 2010 investigated the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia sps., as part of a long-term gorilla health-monitoring program at Bwindi through regular fecal sample collection, and comparative pathogen analysis at the human/gorilla/livestock interface. Samples collected from habituated and non-habituated gorillas, community-owned livestock herds and people at Bwindi were screened for Cryptosporidium and Giardia sps. using ImmunoSTAT Commercial Field Kit and doubtful samples confirmed with Direct Fluorescence Antibody Test (DFA). Giardia was found in 5.5% of livestock, 40% of symptomatic humans from the local hospital and 9.5% of asymptomatic park staff, but not in gorillas. Cryptosporidium was found in 3.1% of habituated gorillas, 4.7% of livestock, and 62.4% of park staff. Whereas, previous studies have compared Cryptosporidium and Giardia sps. in gorillas and livestock, this is the first study making a comparison in humans, gorillas and livestock. Unlike previous studies in Bwindi and Virungas, no Giardia sp. was found in gorillas. The improving hygiene and sanitation of local communities sharing a habitat with gorillas through Village Health and Conservation Teams (VHCTs) established in 2007, could have contributed to the decreased prevalence of Giardia in this mountain gorilla population. Cryptosporidium sp. only found in the habituated gorillas could be associated with human interaction, similar to previous studies. A subsequent VHCT was selected for each village with positive human samples and where gorillas often range, local health centers were mobilized to educate patients on the health risks of collecting water from unprotected sources and cattle water troughs were built. This paper describes a One Health approach to reducing cross species disease transmission at the human/gorilla/livestock interface.