Abstract
Because of the alarming rate of human population growth, technological improvement should be needed to save the environment from pollution. The practice of business as usual on material production is not creating a circular economy. The circular economy refers to an economic model whose objective is to produce goods and services sustainably, by limiting the consumption and waste of resources (raw materials, water, and energy). Fungal-based composites are the recently implemented technology that fulfills the concept of the circular economy. It is made with the complex of fungi mycelium and organic substrates by using fungal mycelium as natural adhesive materials. The quality of the composite depends on both types of fungi and substrate. To ensure the physicochemical property of the fabricated composite, mycelium morphology, bimolecular content, density, compressive strength, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity were determined. This composite is proven to be used for different applications such as packaging, architectural designs, walls, and insulation. It also has unique features in terms of low cost, low emission, and recyclable.
Highlights
Because of the alarming rate of human population growth, technological improvement should be needed to save the environment from pollution. e practice of business as usual on material production is not creating a circular economy. e circular economy refers to an economic model whose objective is to produce goods and services sustainably, by limiting the consumption and waste of resources
It is made with the complex of fungi mycelium and organic substrates by using fungal mycelium as natural adhesive materials. e quality of the composite depends on both types of fungi and substrate
It needs technological improvement to meet the needs of the people unless it leads to environmental pollution, waste generation, and natural resource depletion
Summary
Materials that produce less pollution and waste during manufacturing, utilization, transportation, and demolition process as well as economically feasible are being considered as sustainable materials [15]. Cement is the most widely used, plays a crucial role in the construction sector, and attains special features in the construction activities due to its durability, high compressive strength, and resistance to chemical and weathering actions [21, 22]. These different wood products, and gypsum and polymers are used in the construction sector. Despite their high strength and resistance to weather conditions, these materials have a great role in environmental pollution from production to demolition due to their nonbiodegradable feature and high emission.
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