Crime Rates Research Articles

Public Opinion on Impact of Unemployment on Crime Rate in Tamilnadu

Crime rates of various countries reveal the correlation between employment and crime. Individuals without jobs and accommodations are forced to violate the law in order to survive. Thus, many people consider poverty as the main cause of crime worldwide. The objectives of the research is to find out the relationship between unemployment and crime rate, to find out the measures taken by government to prevent unemployment issues, to determine the kinds of crime committed by unemployed people and to find out measures for reducing crime rates that are related to unemployment in Tamilnadu .The primary information for the research was collected from the general public of different age groups with well framed and structured questionnaires. The secondary source that the researcher used was books, articles, case laws, journals. The study was based on the primary and secondary sources together. Government measures include Schemes for Unemployed and Poor. Atal Pension Yojana - The Co-contributory Pension Scheme by Department of Financial Services aims to encourage people from the unorganized sector to voluntarily save for their retirement There are certain measures which can be taken: Change in industrial technique, Dealing with seasonal unemployment, Changes in the Education system, Introduction of new governmental measures, Population control. The main aim of the study is to analyse the relationship between unemployment and crime rate. This paper concludes that Different types of criminal activities are carried out, and not all can be directly linked to the lack of employment. Studies have shown that property crime can be connected to unemployment. However, violent crimes such as murder and rape are not strongly related to poverty.

Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Crime Among International Migrants in South Africa

The presence of immigrants in South Africa has led citizens to believe that migrants are responsible for increased crime rates in the country. This belief is a harmful stereotype that has no basis in reality, as most of the crimes are not committed by the migrants. This study explores the impact of socio-economic factors on crime rates by international migrants in South Africa from 2012 to 2017. Specifically, it focuses on examining the likelihood and association between two key variables: migrants with no formal education and crime, and unemployed migrants and crime. Through chi-square tests and multinomial regression, the study investigated whether these socio-economic factors drove criminal behavior among the international migrant population. This study obtained data from secondary sources. The study’s findings revealed that unemployment has an impact on migrants and crime rates in South Africa. The relationship showed a weak association, attributed to insufficient supporting evidence due to the low statistical power of educational status. The relationship proved to not have a strong association, lacking supporting evidence due to low statistical power on educational status. The level of education among migrants did not play a substantial role in influencing criminal behavior within the South African context. Other factors, such as social networks, cultural integration, and individual characteristics, might have a more prominent influence on criminal activities among migrants. However, addressing unemployment issues among international migrants in South Africa to mitigate the risk of criminal involvement is crucial. Policymakers and stakeholders should focus on developing effective strategies to promote employment opportunities, skills development, and social integration among migrant communities. By addressing these socio-economic factors, it may be possible to reduce crime rates and create a more inclusive society for both migrants and the host population in South Africa.

Unveiling the Spark: Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) Analysis of Economic Growth, Crime Rates, and Firecracker-Related Injuries/Death in the Philippines

The New Year celebration in the Philippines observes a surge in firecracker-related injuries and deaths, increasing concern beyond cultural significance. The Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) proves the influence of economic growth and crime rates on firecracker-related injuries/deaths. The result of this research draws on the Strain Theory and Routine Activities Theory to reveal the potential influence of economic growth and crime rates on this phenomenon. Through the lens of Strain Theory, economic growth, despite its benefits, drives strain among excluded segments, driving risk-taking behavior, financial pressure, and limited access to safer alternatives, resulting in the use of dangerous fireworks. Routine Activities Theory maintains how high crime rates increase the availability of illegal fireworks and facilitate criminal misuse while also creating environments where riskier behaviors proliferate due to lax enforcement and limited safe options. The research concludes by focusing on the need for policy and interventions addressing economic disparities and crime prevention measures to promote safe and inclusive celebrations. Further research is recommended to probe deeper into regional variations, employ mixed methods approaches, and enhance data collection for targeted interventions and effective policy frameworks.

Examination of the Impact of Drug Legalization Policies on Crime Rates in Regions

This theoretical study examines the impacts of drug legalization on crime rates across various provinces of Iran, integrating theoretical frameworks with hypothetical findings presented by existing global literature on drug policy reform. Through qualitative analysis and insights from experts, the study identifies key issues, including the reduction of drug-related arrests, shifts in drug trafficking dynamics, improvements in public health, and concerns related to the normalization of drug use. By comparing these outcomes with similar cases in Portugal, the United States, and the Netherlands, this research highlights the complexity of the effects of drug legalization and emphasizes regional variations and the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in policy formulation. The analysis of the findings indicates that while drug legalization can offer significant benefits in terms of judicial relief and public health, careful examination of the social, legal, and enforcement challenges in the process of drug legalization is crucial. This study reveals the political, social, and legal implications and the inherent limitations of the theoretical approach to drug legalization within the context of Iran

A review of crime trends in Hong Kong during COVID-19: Empirical analysis based on ARIMA model

Abstract This study uses the crime dynamics in Hong Kong as the research object and builds an autoregressive integrated moving average model to compare the expected crime rates of common criminal activities with the observed crime rates in order to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on criminal activities in detail. Findings reveal distinct patterns in crime rates, with significant decreases observed in serious assault, burglary, and theft from vehicles, alongside increases in fraud-related crimes and incidents of child abuse. These trends underscore the relationship between changes in routine activities, availability of potential targets, and negative emotions experienced by individuals during the pandemic. The study highlights the importance of considering both Routine Activities Theory and General Strain Theory when analysing the multifaceted impacts of societal changes on crime dynamics. The findings offer valuable implications for researchers, policymakers, and law enforcement agencies in understanding changes of criminal behaviours and developing proactive strategies for crime prevention, and promoting societal well-being in the post-pandemic era.

Public Opinion on Impact of Unemployment on Crime Rate in Tamilnadu

Public Opinion on Impact of Unemployment on Crime Rate in Tamilnadu

The Impact of Immigration Law and Policy on Crime Rates in Immigrant Communities in the United States

The Impact of Immigration Law and Policy on Crime Rates in Immigrant Communities in the United States

Effects of Internal Forced Displacement on Crime: Evidence from Colombia

Internal forced displacement, a consequence of territorial control strategies by armed groups, has resulted in profound socioeconomic challenges for receiving areas. Approximately eight million people have been affected in Colombia, where internal conflict and criminal networks have prevailed for over five decades. This paper explores the relationship between internal forced migration and crime rates in Colombian municipalities from 2003 to 2016, focusing on spatial dynamics. The study utilizes a spatial panel model and considers five crime categories: homicides, kidnapping, personal injuries, automobile theft, and residential burglary. The results reveal significant associations between forced displacement and certain types of crime, highlighting the importance of spatial analysis in understanding the interaction between migration and crime. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and researchers, facilitating informed policy interventions and community initiatives to address the repercussions of internal migration on crime dynamics.

Mr. FAGIN & U -Is there any relationship between Child labour, crime rates and country income per capita?

Mr. FAGIN & U -Is there any relationship between Child labour, crime rates and country income per capita?

Climate variability and crime rates in the Southeastern USA

Climate variability and crime rates in the Southeastern USA

Socijalno-demografske karakteristike zatvorenica u Kazneno-popravnom zavodu Požarevac

The aim of the paper is to present the data of the research that dealt with the socio-economic characteristics of women in the Požarevac Penitentiary. The text presents only certain economic theories of crime, given that there are many theoretical concepts that deal with the relationship between poverty and crime. The authors are of the opinion that economic theories of crime are an appropriate framework for this paper, given that the data from our research indicate that the respondents come from poor socio-economic living conditions, and have a low socioeconomic status. Economic theories of crime explain variations in crime rates through the variety of offerings and factors that individuals face, so their low status and the criminal acts for which they were convicted are in accordance with this general statement. The paper, based on the data collected through a questionnaire on a sample of 81 women from the Penitentiary, confirmed their status of poverty and a possible link to the commission of crimes mostly of an economic nature. We want to expand the existing knowledge about the socio-economic status of women prisoners in the Republic of Serbia. The data showed that the respondents belong to a population on the brink of poverty.

Современные тенденции развития уголовно-правовой статистики в Российской Федерации

The article reveals the current trends in the development of criminal law statistics in the Russian Federation. Criminal law statistics play an important role in assessing the effectiveness of the law enforcement system, identifying problem areas and identifying areas for improving legislation. Digitalization and automation of data collection make it possible to automate the processes of collecting, analyzing and storing criminal law statistics. Modern methods of data analysis make it possible to identify development trends, predict possible threats and develop evidence-based crime prevention strategies. Criminal law statistics also make it possible to identify the influence of various socio-economic factors on the crime rate.

Factors Predisposing Emergency Medical Technicians to Workplace Violence: A Cross Sectional Study.

Emergency medical technicians (EMT) are at high risk of workplace violence as they often care for patients in uncontrolled and often hostile emergency settings. Gauteng Province, the most populous province in South Africa, caters for 75% of the total population which is dependant on state funded health care. Public sector EMTs' have been robbed with aggravated circumstances, assaulted with intent to do grievous bodily harm, raped and even murdered whilst on duty. Despite this, comprehensive studies investigating the factors that predispose public sector EMTs' to workplace violence in Gauteng Province are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors that predispose public service EMTs' to workplace violence in Gauteng Province. Data were collected using questionnaires. A total of 413 questionnaires were returned by community members of Gauteng who met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics and binomial tests were used to analyze data. The results of this study revealed that workplace violence toward public service EMTs' in Gauteng is attributed to the high rates of crime, the widening gap of inequality, economic deprivation of basic rights to previously disadvantaged communities by government, vulnerability of EMTs' when responding to the ill and injured within low- and middle-income communities and a lack of consequence for disorderly behavior within the communities. An understanding of the community factors that predispose EMTs' to workplace violence may improve the understanding of the phenomenon of workplace violence and developing prevention programs within the communities.

Effect of Immigration on Developing Country Crime Rate: Evidence From Natural Experiment and Machine Learning

Effect of Immigration on Developing Country Crime Rate: Evidence From Natural Experiment and Machine Learning

Policing in a failing state: An impossible mission

The political interference and poor governance lead to a weak police service that fails to provide safety and security to communities. This exposes people to crime and criminality and makes them lose trust in the police, compelling them to take the law into their own hands. A weak state paralyses the police, and a paralysed police service reflect a weak state. This study analysed books, articles, and print and electronic media to determine whether South Africa exhibits some of the characteristics of a failing state, and what impact this has on the police and policing in the country. The failure of the state at any level – such as the inability of the National Student Financial Aid Scheme to speedily disburse financial aid to students, municipalities’ incapacity to render services to communities, and the police’s powerlessness in dealing with high crime rates – leads to public discontent, anger and frustration, which tend to be expressed through violent protests. The policing of these protests is often criticised as being either indecisive or brutal, thus presenting a continuous challenge to police leadership on how to strike a sensitive balance between indecisiveness and brutality.

What Makes Deviant Places?

Urban safety plays an essential role in the quality of citizens' lives and in the sustainable development of cities. In recent years, researchers have attempted to apply machine learning techniques to identify the role of location-specific attributes in the development of urban safety. However, existing studies have mainly relied on limited images (e.g., map images, single- or four-directional images) of areas based on a relatively large geographical unit and have narrowly focused on severe crime rates, which limits their predictive performance and implications for urban safety. In this work, we propose a novel method that predicts "deviance," which includes formal deviant crimes (e.g., murders) and informal deviant behaviors (e.g., loud parties at night). To do this, we first collect a large-scale geo-tagged dataset consisting of incident report data for seven metropolitan cities, along with corresponding sequential images around incident sites obtained from Google Street View. We then design a convolutional neural network that learns spatio-temporal visual attributes of deviant streets. Experimental results show that our framework is able to reliably recognize real-world deviance in various cities. Furthermore, we analyze which visual attribute is important for deviance identification and severity estimation with respect to social science as well as activated feature maps in the neural network.

Exploring the World of Smart Prisons: Barriers, Trends, and Sustainable Solutions

The world of smart prisons is gaining momentum despite receiving limited attention due to the ability to maintain social order and reduce crime rates. Therefore, this research aims to synthesize the current knowledge of smart prisons, identify barriers to trend technologies, and provide valuable insights for practitioners, and policymakers. The systematic literature review (SLR) method by Kitchenham was used to collect data from Scopus from 2007 to 2023, which comprised 59 articles in the final phase. The high cost of smart technology, ineffective technology design, poor management, aging facilities, increased violence, ethical concerns, and lots more, were some of the barriers associated with the topic. The study highlights the need for targeted strategies, such as cost‐benefit analyses, phased implementation, and comprehensive staff training, to overcome these barriers. The study also reveals varied approaches to smart prison adoption across countries, influenced by differences in economic resources and policy frameworks. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous evaluation, international collaboration, and adherence to ethical standards to sustain smart prison development. The result showed that smart prisons are important in the field of corrections.

Building Resilient Communities: A Comprehensive Approach to Addressing Insecurity in Nigeria.

The prevalence of insecurity poses a significant threat to social stability, economic growth, and individual well-being. This paper proposes the development of a comprehensive system model designed to curb insecurity through a multi-faceted approach. The model integrates advanced technology, community engagement, and policy reform to create a cohesive framework for enhancing public safety. Key components include the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for predictive analytics, the use of surveillance systems, the establishment of rapid response units, and the fostering of community policing initiatives. Additionally, the model emphasizes the importance of social and economic policies that address the root causes of insecurity, such as poverty, unemployment, and social inequality. Through a combination of preventative measures, real-time response strategies, and long-term policy interventions, the proposed system aims to significantly reduce crime rates and improve overall security. The efficacy of this model is evaluated through simulations and pilot programs in high-risk areas, demonstrating its potential to create safer communities and more resilient societies.

Role of Counselling in Helping Neglected Boy Children in Lusaka District, Zambia.

The exclusion and neglect of boy children in Zambia, particularly in Lusaka district, has resulted in increased conflicts between boys and girls, a rise in illiteracy among boys, heightened crime rates, more street boys, and increased drug abuse among boy children (Kambilima, 2014). Despite societal focus on protecting the girl child, the neglect of boys poses future risks to the very girls being safeguarded. This study explores the role of counselling in mitigating the effects of boy child neglect in Lusaka. Guided by Empowerment Theory, which emphasizes enhancing individuals’ capacity to make choices, the study aimed to: (a) describe the factors causing boy child neglect in Lusaka, (b) explore experiences of boy children due to societal neglect, and (c) establish how counselling can address these outcomes. Employing a qualitative and descriptive research design, data was collected using in-depth interview guide and focus group discussions with 50 participants, including 20 elderly men and women and 30 boys. Elderly participants were selected using simple random sampling. Data was thematically analyzed, revealing that one primary factor of boy child neglect is the preferential care and support given to girls in the which is influenced by cultural societal systems. Boys are often expected to be more independent, leading to reduced attention and neglect. The findings highlighted educational disadvantages as a significant experience among neglected boys. The study recommends enhancing counselling services by increasing the availability of qualified counselors trained to meet the unique needs of neglected boy children. These counselors should utilize culturally sensitive approaches and tools to effectively engage with this demographic.

During Ramadan, crime rates decrease between 15 and 20 percent.

Üsküdar University Institute for Sufi Studies Deputy Director and Head of the Department of Sufi Culture and Literature Prof. Emine Yeniterzi evaluated the issue of reducing the tendency to crime during the spiritual months.