Rate Of Canine Retraction Research Articles

The effect of single versus multiple piezocisions on the rate of canine retraction: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPiezocision is a minimally invasive surgical method aiming to accelerate tooth movement. However, its effect was found to be transient, appertaining to the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). Hence, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of single and multiple piezocisions on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Moreover, the impact of both protocols on canine tipping and orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) has been assessed.MethodsThirty indicated patients for the therapeutic extraction of maxillary first premolars were enlisted in this split-mouth study, and they were randomly split into two equal groups, each including 15 subjects. In the Single Application Group (SAG), one side of the maxillary arch arbitrarily received a single piezocision before the onset of canine retraction, whereas in the Multiple Application Group (MAG), piezocisions were randomly performed on one side, three times on a monthly basis, over the 12-week study period. The contralateral sides of both groups served as the controls. Canine retraction was carried out bilaterally using nickel-titanium closed-coil springs, delivering 150 g of force, and the rate of tooth movement, as well as canine tipping were evaluated on a monthly basis, over a 3-month period. Cone-bean computed tomography scans were also conducted pre- and post- canine retraction, and OIIRR was assessed using Malmgren Index.ResultsThe reported outcomes revealed a significant increase in the amount of canine retraction, canine tipping, as well as root resorption scores on the experimental sides in both groups SAG and MAG post-retraction (p < 0.001). However, upon comparing the experimental sides in both groups, non-significant differences have been observed between them regarding all the assessed outcomes (p > 0.05).ConclusionsSingle and multiple piezocisions effectively accelerate OTM in comparison to conventional orthodontic treatment, with relative outcomes reported by both intervention frequencies. Accordingly, single piezocision is recommended as an adjunct to OTM. Furthermore, significant tooth tipping as well as a significantly higher root resorption risk accompanies both single and multiple piezocision applications in conjunction with OTM.Name of the RegistryClinicaltrials.govTrial Registration NumberNCT05782088Date of Registration23/03/2023 “Retrospectively registered”.URLhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05782088

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy enhances the rate of canine retraction by increasing &amp;beta; glucoronidase and pentraxin – 3 in gingival crevicular fluid: A clinical study

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy in enhancing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement using β glucoronidase and pentraxin-3 (TNF) biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid.A split-mouth design was used in 16 subjects (8 experimental and 8 controlled) aged 14 to 25 years, who’s maxillary first premolars were extracted. A gallium-aluminium-arsenide semiconductor diode laser (wavelength, 810 nm; energy density, 10 J/cm2; power output, 100 mW) delivered low-level laser therapy to the experimental canine undergoing distalization at 10 points. The control canine was distalized without low-level laser therapy. The experimental and control canines were distalized using a force of 150 g provided by nickel-titanium closed coil springs. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected at 5 time points from the control and experimental sides, and the levels of β glucoronidase and pentraxin-3 were analysed by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The rate of canine retraction was calculated by using ortho analyser software.Increased levels of β glucoronidase and pentraxin-3 were observed in the experimental canines compared with the control canines (P &amp;#60;0.001). Cumulative tooth movements over an 8-week experimental period were greater for the experimental canines compared with the control canines. A positive correlation existed between the β glucoronidase and pentraxin-3 levels and the amounts of tooth movement across all time intervals.Low level laser therapy in adjunct with continuous and light forces leads to increase in β glucoronidase and pentraxin-3 leading to accelerated orthodontic tooth movement.: Low-level laser therapy fastens the rate of canine retraction thus accelerating the orthodontic tooth movement. The levels of β glucoronidase and Pentraxin 5 are increased significantly after laser irradiation which aids in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.

Clinical efficiency of new generation elastomeric ligatures over conventional: An in-vivo study

Friction being an imperative element in clinical orthodontics affects all stages of treatment and high frictional forces can affect the treatment duration and outcome in a deleterious manner. This study was done to appraise frictional resistance of non-conventional elastomeric modules in comparison with conventional elastomeric modules, during the retraction of teeth. The study sample size includes 30 patients (11 males and 19 females) undergoing orthodontic treatment. They were grouped into 3, namely, Group A- Slide nonconventional elastomeric ligatures Group B- super slick nonconventional elastomeric ligatures, and Group C- the conventional ligature. The study models were obtained to assess canine retraction rate, anchor loss, canine rotation, and molar rotations at different time intervals and subjected to statistical analysis. : The canine retraction rate(maxilla) for Group A, B and C was 1.674+/-0.092, 1.187+/-0.156, and 1.147+/-0.113,(mandible)1.765+0.099, 1.300+0.099 and 1.270+0.111 respectively. Mean anchorage loss(maxilla) group A- 1.054mm, group B- 1.080mm, group C -1.715mm (mandible) 1.024mm, 0.952mm and 1.664mm respectively. Canine rotation(maxilla) of Group A, B and C is 8.550+/-1.506, 5.300+/-1.386, 6.100+/-1.315and(mandible) 8.930/-+1.474, 5.830+/-1.096, 6.880+/-1.813 respectively. Mean molar rotation (maxilla) 2.580+0.735, 2.210+0.549 and 2.210+0.700 (mandible)2.900+0.541, 2.650+0.639 and 2.780+0.604 in group A, B and C respectively. Mean anchor loss was lesser in non-conventional modules, canine retraction rate was higher with Slide ligature, canine rotations were least in superslick more in Slide ligature, and rotation of molar was apparent for all the groups.

Effectiveness of autologous leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin on the rate of maxillary canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing: A split-mouth randomized controlled trial.

To assess the effectiveness of leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) compared with conventional treatment on canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. Sixteen adult patients aged 18-25 years (10 females, and 6 males; mean age 22.25 ± 2.26 years) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion and Class II div 1 malocclusion participated in this single-center, split-mouth randomized controlled trial at the Orthodontics Department of a single hospital in SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India. Randomization was performed using a computer-assisted function with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention included the placement of L-PRF on the experimental side and follow-up for 90 days. The primary outcome measures were canine retraction, rotation, pain, and soft tissue healing. The range of tooth movement was evaluated at 15-day intervals: 0th day (T0), 15th day (T1), 30th day (T2), 45th day (T3), 60th day (T4), 75th day (T5), and 90th day (T6). Canine rotation was assessed at T0 and T6, and pain and soft tissue healing were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, and 15th days of the treatment. Cumulatively, the L-PRF group demonstrated a significantly greater tooth movement as compared to conventional treatment group (P < 0.001). Overall, canine retraction was 1.5 times greater on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Canine rotation showed no significant relationship, whereas pain and soft tissue healing were significantly better on the L-PRF side than on the control side. Local administration of L-PRF amplifies canine retraction while improving pain and soft tissue repair.

Rotational Control and Retraction of Maxillary Canine Using Self-Ligating Empower Brackets: An In Vivo Study.

Interest in self-ligating brackets is generally smoother and more comfortable. To compare rate of retraction and rotational control of maxillary canines with self-ligating MBT brackets on one side and conventional MBT brackets on the other side of the maxillary arch. Ten subjects with a mean age range of 18 to 25 years were selected. For each patient in the maxillary arch, bonding was performed with 0.022-inch slot conventional MBT brackets on one side and 0.022-inch slot self-ligating MBT brackets on the other side. Stainless steel 0.009-inch ligatures are used for conventional ligation. Retraction of canines was performed with 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel wires using NiTi closed coil springs with eyelets of 12 mm and 9 mm. The force of retraction was measured using a dynamometer. Dental casts were made at each time interval to record the canine retraction rate (in mm) and rotation (in degrees). The mean difference in the retraction rate was 0.045 mm/month between self-ligating and conventional brackets, respectively (P > 0.05). The mean difference of total rotation of canines with self-ligating and conventional brackets was 1.5°, which gives evidence that there was less rotation of canines with self-ligating brackets. There was no statistically significant difference in canine retraction rates between conventional and self-ligating brackets. Secure ligation with the self-ligating brackets showed better rotational control than the conventional brackets.

Effect of laser corticotomy on canine retraction rate: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial

BackgroundThis study assessed the effect of corticotomy with Er: YAG (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) laser on the rate of canine retraction.MethodsThis randomized split-mouth controlled clinical trial was conducted on 12 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with extraction of maxillary first premolars. Following initial leveling and alignment, an alginate impression was made from the maxillary arch, and Er: YAG laser corticotomy was performed in one of the maxillary quadrants of each patient. Canine retraction was started immediately after corticotomy by placement of nickel-titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs at both sides. At the end of each month, alginate records were repeated for 4 months. Study models were scanned, and the anteroposterior movement of canine was quantified bilaterally. Pain was also measured by a visual analog scale (VAS). Probing depth (PPD) of canines and two adjacent teeth was also evaluated and pulp vitality was assessed by performing the cold test. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t-test and one-way ANOVA (alpha = 0.05).ResultsThe rate of canine retraction was significantly greater in the laser-assisted corticotomy quadrant than the control (P < 0.05). No significant difference existed in posterior anchorage loss, canine rotation angle, PPD, pulp vitality, or pain score between two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsFlapless Er: YAG laser corticotomy significantly enhanced canine retraction rate with no adverse effect on other parameters.

Effectiveness of a low-intensity static magnetic field in accelerating upper canine retraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial

IntroductionNeodymium-iron-boron magnets have been suggested as a contemporary method for accelerating the process of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).A limited number of clinical trials evaluated their effectiveness in accelerating OTM which is desirable for both orthodontists and patients.The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a low-intensity static magnetic field (SMF) in accelerating upper canine retraction movement.Materials and methodsSeventeen patients (mean age 20.76 ± 2.9 years) with their orthodontic treatment decision to extract the upper and lower first premolars due to bimaxillary protrusion malocclusion were included in this split-mouth study. Canine retraction was performed using Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed-coil springs (150 g of force on each side). The experimental side received SMF via an auxiliary wire that carried 4-neodymium iron-born magnets with an air gap of 2 mm between the magnets to produce a magnetic field density of 414 mT in the region corresponding to the lateral ligament of the upper canine. To determine the rate of upper canine retraction and upper molar drift, alginate impressions were taken once a month to create plaster casts, which were analyzed digitally via a three-dimensional method.ResultsThe rate of upper canine retraction was significantly greater (P < 0.05) on the SMF side than that on the control side during the first and second months, with an overall duration (19.16%) that was greater than that on the control side. The peak acceleration occurred during the second month (38.09%).No significant differences in upper molar drift were detected between the experimental and control sides (P > 0.05).ConclusionA low-intensity static magnetic field was effective at accelerating upper canine retraction. The difference between the two sides was statistically significant but may not be clinically significant.The SMF did not affect upper molar drift during the upper canine retraction phase.Trial registrationThe trial was retrospectively registered at the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN59092624) (31/05/2022).

Effectiveness of low frequency vibration on the rate of canine retraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial

To investigate the effectiveness of AcceleDent Aura vibrating device on the rate of canine retraction. Thirty-two patients requiring extraction of upper first premolars and canine retraction were randomly allocated with a 1:1 ratio into either no-appliance group or the AcceleDent Aura appliance group. Canine retraction was done applying 150gm of retraction force using NiTi coil springs on 16 × 22 stainless steel archwires. The duration of the study was 4 months. Models were collected and digitized directly after extraction of upper first premolars and at monthly intervals during canine retraction for recording the monthly as well as the total distance moved by the canine. Digitized models were superimposed on the initial model and data were statistically analyzed. Anchorage loss, rotation, tipping, torque and root condition were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography imaging. Pain was evaluated by visual analog scale. No patients were dropped-out during this study. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the total distance travelled by the canine (P = 0.436), as well as the rate of canine retraction per month (P = 0.17). Root condition was the same for the two groups. Regarding the pain level, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at day 0 (P = 0.721), after 24 h (P = 0.882), after 72 h (P = 0.378) and after 7 days (P = 0.964). AcceleDent Aura was not able to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Pain level couldn’t be reduced by vibrational force with an AcceleDent device during orthodontic treatment. Root condition was not affected by the vibrational forces.

Space Closure with Different Appointment Intervals: A Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Trial.

Canine retraction has been successful with various force systems and retraction techniques. The appointment interval for force reactivation in canine retraction along the archwire is 4-8 weeks. The aim was to evaluate the effect of different reactivation intervals on the rate of space closure. This split-mouth randomized clinical trial recruited 38 patients indicated for the first premolar extraction. Monthly digital models were acquired for 6 months. The first premolars were extracted, and temporary anchorage devices were placed for maximum anchorage control. The canines were retracted using elastomeric chains which were replaced every 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks. The monthly rate of canine retraction was measured. The time to space closure was calculated. The secondary outcome was the mesial drift of the first molars. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Friedman test evaluated and compared the groups. There was no significant difference between the monthly canine retraction rate or the first molar mesial drift between the groups. The mean time to space closure was 5.74 months in the 2-week reactivation group, which was statistically less than the other groups. The 2-week reactivation interval may reduce time to space closure. Direct anchorage control with miniscrews limited anchorage loss significantly.

Comparison of Rate of Canine Retraction and Anchorage Loss between Mini-Implant and Mini-Implant with Micro -Osteoperforation

Comparison of Rate of Canine Retraction and Anchorage Loss between Mini-Implant and Mini-Implant with Micro -Osteoperforation

Evaluation of the Difference in the Rate of Canine Retraction Assisted by Piezocision and Discission in Human Subjects: A Preliminary Parallel-Arm Prospective Clinical Study.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement assisted by piezocision and discission in extraction cases. Twelve adults (20-35 years) requiring upper premolar extraction for orthodontic treatment were included in this preliminary parallel-arm clinical study. Participants (randomly allocated) in Groups A and B received piezocision and discision-assisted corticotomy cuts at the premolar extraction site, respectively, contralateral side served as the control. Canine retraction was started bilaterally using closed coil NiTi (Nickel titanium) springs. A schedule of fortnightly activation was followed for 3 months. Stage models were made monthly (M0, M1, M2, M3). Models were scanned using a 3-shape intraoral scanner, and the displacement of the canine was measured bilaterally in the stage models. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess patients pain and satisfaction levels on a visual analogue scale. The rate of canine retraction at the piezocision site was twice that at the control site in group A (p=0.007). The rate of canine retraction at the dissection site was twice that at the control site in group B (p=0.012). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of retraction between the two surgical techniques. Pain and disturbance were noticed in the discission group at 50 and 67% respectively. Discision is comparable to piezocision for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Although dissection can speed orthodontic treatment, it should be used with caution as it could pose technical and clinical difficulties, particularly in the posterior buccal region of the oral cavity.

Effect of Submucosal Injection of Platelet-rich Plasma on the Rate of Canine Retraction – A Split-mouth Randomized Clinical Study

Abstract Introduction: The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained popularity in orthodontics in the past decade. PRP is an autologous concentration of platelets rich in growth factors and is hypothesized to play a role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) due to its bone remodeling capacity. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PRP on the rate of tooth movement in humans. Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients requiring bilateral extraction of upper first premolars were included in the study. PRP (×4) was prepared and injected in the alveolar mucosa, distal to canine on experimental sides. Canine retraction was initiated on the same day of PRP injection using NiTi closed coil springs on both sides. The amount of canine retraction was measured and compared between both sides at the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th weeks by measuring the distance between lateral incisor and canine on the cast. Results: Results showed mean displacement of 1.355 mm, 1.232 mm, 1.191 mm, and 1.085 mm on experimental side and 1.265 mm, 1.126 mm, 1.031 mm, and 0.879 mm on control side at the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th weeks, respectively. Although increased OTM (13.85% or 1.1 times faster) was observed on experimental side at all time intervals compared to the control group, the result was not statistically significant. Conclusion: 4× concentration of PRP does not accelerate OTM significantly.

Effect of leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin on the rate of canine movement – A prospective and randomized control trial

Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) on the rate of maxillary canine retraction for a period of 5 months. Material and Methods: A split-mouth study was conducted on 16 patients (32 extraction sockets) (Nine males and seven females; age ranging 17–25 years) with Class II Div 1 malocclusion or Class I bimaxillary protrusion, requiring therapeutic extraction of bilateral maxillary first premolars. After the initial leveling and alignment, L-PRF plugs were placed immediately in the randomly selected socket (Experimental Group) and the other side served as control for secondary healing (Control Group). This was followed by the activation of nickel-titanium closed coil springs for canine retraction. The rate of canine movement, canine rotation, tipping, root resorption, and molar movement was assessed at monthly intervals for 5 months (T0–T5). Data were collected from study models. Assessment of pain accompanying the procedure was done using a Likert scale. The trial was registered at the Clinical Trials Registry of India (REF/2022/02/051837). Results: The study revealed that there was a significant increase in the rate of canine movement on the experimental side in the first 2 months and significant molar anchorage loss was seen only in the 1st month. There were statistically non-significant differences in canine rotation, tipping, probing depth, root resorption, and pain perception between the groups. Conclusion: The use of L-PRF plugs in the extraction sockets enhanced the rate of canine movement in the first 2 months of treatment with less anchorage loss and no deleterious effects on periodontium.

The effect of early versus delayed space closure on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Orthodontic space closure of extraction sites can be initiated early, within 1-week post-extraction, or it can be delayed for a month or more. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of early versus delayed initiation of space closure after tooth extraction on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Unrestricted search of 10 electronic databases was conducted until September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the initiation time of space closure of extraction sites in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were included. Data items were extracted using a pre-piloted extraction form. The Cochrane's risk of bias tool (ROB 2.0) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach were used for quality assessment. Meta-analysis was undertaken if there are at least two trials reporting the same outcome. Eleven RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed that early canine retraction resulted in a statistically significant higher rate of maxillary canine retraction when compared to delayed canine retraction [mean difference (MD); 0.17 mm/month, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.28, P = 0.003, 4 RCTs, moderate quality]. Duration of space closure was shorter in the early space closure group, but not statistically significant (MD; 1.11 months, 95% CI: -0.27 to 2.49, P = 0.11, 2 RCTs, low quality). The incidence of gingival invaginations was not statistically different between early and delayed space closure groups (Odds ratio; 0.79, 95% CI: 0.27 to 2.29, 2 RCTs, P = 0.66, very low quality). Qualitative synthesis found no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding anchorage loss, root resorption, tooth tipping, and alveolar bone height. Based on the available evidence, early traction within the first week after tooth extraction has a minimal clinically significant effect on the rate of tooth movement compared to delayed traction. Further high-quality RCTs with standardized time points and measurement methods are still needed. PROSPERO (CRD42022346026).

Effect of leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and expression of various biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid.

To assess the outcome of leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) on the rate of maxillary canine retraction and its correlation with the levels of Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and RANKL:OPG in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Eighteen females who required all 1st premolars extraction for the correction of their class I bimaxillary protrusion malocclusions were included. The L-PRF plugs were placed in the experimental side 1st premolar extraction sockets. Canine retraction was performed by sliding mechanics. Canine retraction was assessed from the maxillary study models prepared just before the extraction (T0) and then at 1week (T1), 2weeks (T2), 4weeks (T3), and 8weeks (T4) after the 1st premolar extraction and placement of L-PRF plugs. The concentrations of RANKL and OPG in the GCF were evaluated at T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4. In experimental sides, the amount of canine retraction was statistically more during the T0-T1, T1-T2, and T2-T3 periods. The mean concentration of RANKL at T1, T2, and T3 was significantly more in the experimental sides. The mean concentration of OPG was significantly less in the experimental sides at T2, T3, and T4. The RANKL:OPG was significantly more in the experimental sides at T1, T2, T3, and T4. No significant correlation was found between amount of canine retraction and concentration of RANKL and OPG and RANKL to OPG ratio in GCF. The L-PRF accelerated the rate of maxillary canine retraction by 0.28mm over an 8-week period. The L-PRF favored the local osteoclastogenesis by enhancing the RANKL and suppressing the OPG concentrations. There was no significant correlation between the rate of maxillary canine retraction and expression of RANKL, OPG, and RANKL:OPG in GCF. The Clinical Trials Registry of India (Reg. No. CTRI/2020/10/028390, Date-13.10.2020).

Effects of Flapless Laser Corticotomy in Upper and Lower Canine Retraction: A Split-mouth, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim One of the major difficulties in orthodontic treatment is the lengthy course of therapy, particularly in situations involving extractions. Hence, various methods for accelerating tooth movement rate had been devised. Flapless corticotomy is one of those methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of flapless laser corticotomy (FLC) compared to the conventional retraction (CR) method on the rate of canine retraction. Methods A split-mouth, randomized controlled trial included 56 canines from 14 patients (12 females and two males) with a mean age of 20.4 ± 2.5 years, who were complaining of bimaxillary protrusion requiring extraction of four premolars. All canines were randomly assigned to four groups (maxillary FLC, maxillary control CR, mandibular FLC, and mandibular control CR). Randomization was performed by creating two equal, random computer-generated lists with a 1:1 allocation ratio-one list for the right side and one for the left. The allocation concealment was achieved using opaque sealed envelopes until the time of intervention. FLC was applied on the experimental sides before canine retraction by drilling six holes penetrating 3 mm into the bone on the mesial and distal sides of the canines. Subsequently, all canines were retracted employing closed coil springs to deliver a force of 150 g using indirect anchorage from temporary anchorage devices (TADs).All canines were assessed at T0 (before retraction), T1 (one month after retraction), T2 (two months), and T3 (three months) using three-dimensional (3D) digital models. Additionally, canine rotation, molar anchorage loss assessed using 3D digital models, root resorption assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), probing depth, plaque, gingival indices, and pulp vitality were all evaluated as secondary outcomes. It was possible to blind only the outcome analysis expert (single-blinded). Results The measurementsof canine retraction during the follow-up period from T0 to T3 were 2.46 ± 0.80 mm and 2.55 ± 0.79 mm in maxillary FLC and control groups, respectively, and 2.44 ± 0.96 mm and 2.31 ± 0.95 mm in mandibular FLC and control groups, respectively. The results demonstrated a statistically non-significant difference in the distance of canine retraction between the FLC and control groups at all time points. Moreover, no differences were observed between groups in canine rotation, molar anchorage loss, root resorption, probing depth, plaque, gingival indices, and pulp vitality (p > 0.05). Conclusion In the FLC procedure performed in this study, the rate of upper and lower canine retraction could not be accelerated and no significant differences were observed between FLC and control groups in canine rotation, molar anchorage loss, root resorption, periodontal condition, and pulp vitality.

Accelerated Canine Retraction by Using Mini Implant With Low-Intensity Laser Therapy.

Background The continuous increase in demand for reduced treatment times has led researchers to think in terms of "accelerated orthodontics." Generally, the duration for fixed orthodontic treatment is around two to three years. Prolonged use of braces leads to external root resorption, a high risk of caries, and decreased patient compliance. Therefore, finding an optimal supplementary approach to achieve faster tooth movement is still considered a subject of interest. Low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) is one of the non-invasive surgical techniques in the field of accelerated orthodontics. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has demonstrated faster healing, less bleeding, and biostimulation and anti-inflammatory effects. According to all studies, it accelerates tooth movement, thereby reducing braces treatment time. It is simple, safe, and minimally invasive. Despite these pieces of evidence, studies have shown variable findings in low-level laser therapy. This study evaluates the effect of LLLT on accelerated orthodontics in comparison with conventional canine retraction. An aluminum gallium arsenide-type diode laser with a wavelength of 940 nm has been used in this study. Methodology This study was conducted using the split-mouth method, which included 20 patients with permanent dentition who required first premolar extractions. A miniscrew implant was placed on both the right and left sides for maximum anchorage. Irradiation doses were applied on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 of the first month. Subsequently, irradiations were given every 15 days until the canine's retraction was complete in the test group. Results The study results three months after the canine retraction in the test and control groups (M1) were 0.81 ± 0.03 mm/month and 0.74 ± 0.04 mm/month, respectively, indicating a significantly higher rate of canine retraction in the test group than in the control group (P < 0.0001). The average increase in the amount of tooth movement at three months was 40.1% and 36.3% in the test and control groups, respectively. However, the average increase in the amount of movement of teeth following canine retraction was 100% in the test group and 68.2% in the control group. There were significant variations in the pain score between Day 1 and Day 3 (P = 0.003) in the test group; however, there was no analytic variation in the pain score between Day 1 and Day 30 in the test group (P = 0.18). The pain score between Day 3 and Day 30 was significantly lower. Conclusions It was concluded that the rate of canine retraction increases when it is combined with LILT-assisted accelerated orthodontics in comparison to conventional canine retraction. Although LLLT does not provide immediate pain relief, it relieves the sensation of pain after 24-72 hours. LILT is an innovative, non-invasive technique that allows rapid orthodontic tooth movement. The rate of canine retraction increases when it is combined with LILT-assisted accelerated orthodontics in comparison to conventional canine retraction using mini-implants.

Does leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) cause long term acceleration in the rate of canine retraction? A split-mouth, two-arm parallel group, randomized control trial

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) on the rate of maxillary canine retraction for a period of 5 months. Methods: A split-mouth study was conducted on 16 subjects (9 males and 7 females; age range 17-25 years; mean age, 21.85±2.45 years) who required therapeutic extraction of bilateral maxillary first premolars. After the initial leveling and alignment, L-PRF plugs were placed in a randomly selected extraction socket (Experimental Group), and the other side served as a control (Control Group). Canine retraction was carried out by the activation of nickel-titanium (NiTi) closed-coil springs delivering 150 g of force. The rates of canine movement, canine rotation, tipping, root resorption, and molar movement were assessed at monthly intervals for five months (T0-T5). Pain, swelling and discomfort accompanying the procedure were assessed using a Likert scale. Results: The study revealed a significant increase in the rate of canine movement on the experimental side in the first two months, and significant molar anchorage loss was observed only in the first month for control side. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding canine rotation, tipping, probing depth, root resorption, and pain perception. Conclusions: The use of L-PRF plugs in extraction sockets considerably enhanced the rate of canine movement only in the first two months, and long-term efficacy was not observed in this study.

Effect of Mini-implant assisted Micro-osteoperforation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement-A randomized clinical trial.

To evaluate the effectiveness of micro-osteoperforation (MOP) over a 56-day period and to determine the influence of number of perforations on the rate of canine retraction. In addition, the amount of pain and discomfort caused by the MOP was evaluated. A single-center, split-mouth, triple-blind, randomized, controlled trial. 22 patients (18-30 years) who need fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited and randomly assigned to MOP1 and MOP2 groups. The recruited patients were divided into two groups with 1:1 allocation ratio. Randomization for the determination of experimental side and number of perforations was done using sealed envelopes. On each patient, the other side of mouth worked as control side with no MOPs. 4 months after first premolar extraction, patients in MOP1 received 3MOPs on the buccal surface of alveolar bone, whereas patients in MOP2 received three buccal and three palatal MOPs in the experimental side. The amount of canine retraction was measured every 28 days at two intervals on both sides of mouth. Pain perception was measured after 1 hr, 24 hr, 72 hr, 7 days, and 28 days of procedure. Result of the intra-examiner reliability using ICC is more than 0.97 (P < 0.001), indicating excellent repeatability and reliability of the measurements. The baseline characteristics between groups were similar (P > 0.05). A statistically significant difference in the rate of canine retraction on the MOP side was observed at the end of 56 days, amounting to two folds more than that of the control side. No significant difference was seen between MOP1 and MOP2 groups (P > 0.05). Mild-to-moderate pain was experienced only in first 72 hours of procedure. The study recommends that MOP procedure has substantial potential to be used as an adjunct to the routine mechanotherapy for accelerating tooth movement, as it may reduce treatment time by half in the first four weeks after the MOP procedure. Clinical trial registry of India (CTRI/2022/12/048181).

Canine retraction and anchorage loss using self-ligating and conventional brackets with sliding mechanics: A split-mouth clinical study.

Appliance biocompatibility, orthodontic treatment efficiency and patient convenience are the major issues confronting contemporary orthodontic practice. Very few studies have been published till date regarding the efficiency of self-ligating brackets as against conventional brackets. Hence, the present study was planned to compare the rate of canine retraction between self-ligating and conventional brackets and to determine the amount of anchorage loss during canine retraction. The present clinical study was designed as a prospective, observational study comprising of 25 patients requiring first premolar extraction as a part of orthodontic treatment. Self-ligating and conventional brackets were bonded using a split-mouth study design randomly. Retraction of canines was done with 150 grams of force using Dontrix gauge with E-chains. The study was conducted in relation to upper arch only, while the rate of retraction was evaluated every 4 weeks for 3 months. Average rates of retraction in 3 months were calculated. For anchorage loss, an acrylic guide plug was used in mid-treatment cast (T0) and after 3 months of retraction (T3). The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Independent t-test was used to compare the means of the two variables studied, while Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the variables studied in the groups included. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. The correlation coefficient between the average rate of canine retraction with self-ligating brackets vs. conventional brackets over a period of 3 months came out to be 0.6434, while on comparing the data in terms of anchorage loss over a period of 3 months, the respective correlation coefficient value was found to be 0.6659 with the results being statistically highly significant in either case (P < .001). Self-ligating brackets showed double the amount of displacement compared to conventional brackets in some of the cases. Also, chair side time was significantly reduced with self-ligating brackets as against conventional brackets.