Rate Fluctuations Research Articles

Investigation of magnetic fluctuations in L-H and H-L transition dynamics on DIII-D

Abstract The dynamics of the L-H transition is not fully understood, with many parameters changing the threshold power to enter H-mode and the self-regulation between zonal flows and turbulence in the plasma edge. This paper presents power threshold analysis for DIII-
D L-H and H-L transitions, as well as measurements of pedestal temperatures for these transitions. A comparison is made between an L-H transition and H-L transition of comparable Psep exhibiting oscillatory behaviour, showing symmetry between forward and backward transition dynamics. Information geometry analysis has been performed on measurements of plasma density fluctuations, perpendicular plasma velocity fluctuations, and magnetic field fluctuations to investigate the self-regulation of these variables during the transitions. Perpendicular flow evolution is shown to dominate the transition dynamics in both directions, but self-regulation behaviour is observed between all three variables. A strong correlation between magnetic fluctuation information rate and density fluctuation information rate for these two shots indicates the strong influence of magnetic behaviour on both the L-H and H-
L transition, and that these transition dynamics have an electromagnetic contribution. Some parameter dependencies of the magnetic fluctuation activity are presented.

Stock Market Interest Rate Fluctuation and Its Influencing Factors

The stock market is an indispensable part of the financial market, and the fluctuation of interest rate in the stock market is also a common and important phenomenon in the financial market, which is unpredictable, complex and elusive. This paper examines the impact of interest rate fluctuations on the stock market and its influencing factors. The research results are as follows: The impact of such interest rate fluctuations on the stock market can be reflected in indirect influencing factors such as corporate financing costs and investors' investment preferences. Changes in intermediate factors caused by interest rate fluctuations largely determine the rise and fall of stock prices, thus forming a closed loop and once again having the same or different impacts on stock market investors and all walks of life. As an important factor in the financial market, the change of interest rate is also affected by various indicators, such as interest rate policy and inflation.

Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Sectoral Output in Liberia

This paper investigates the effects of exchange rate volatility on sectoral output in Liberia, focusing on agriculture, mining, and manufacturing. Using monthly time series data ranging from 2010 to 2022 and estimating the volatility in exchange rate using the ARCH model, the study found a strong sector-specific impact along with an overall economic impact on output with a significant coefficient of (-2.868) at 10%, 5% and 1% level of significance .We found that the agriculture with a coefficient of (-0.2127) and manufacturing sectors (-0.5171) proxy by value-added as % of GDP are negatively affected by exchange rate fluctuations due to their heavy reliance on imported raw material, which increases production costs and reduces output. Conversely, the mining sector, particularly gold production as measured by key output volume, shows a positive relationship with exchange rate volatility with a coefficient of (3.9677) significant at 10% level of significance, as global demand for gold rises in response to currency instability. The findings underline that policy interventions are needed to stabilize the exchange rate, particularly for agriculture and manufacturing. In fact, given the dual currency system of the country and the high level of dollarization, the country needs targeted policies to enhance sectoral resilience in its way to attain economic growth.

Incidence of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Between 2016 and 2023: A Retrospective Cohort

ObjectiveThe present retrospective cohort study sought to advance our understanding of the incidence and recent trends in new ADHD diagnoses among adolescents and adults between 2016 and 2023 in a clinical setting.MethodParticipants (N = 144,103) included adolescents and adult patients who actively utilized Sisters of Saint Mary (SSM) healthcare services. ICD‐10 codes were used to identify new ADHD diagnoses in patient charts. Joinpoint regression analysis determined incidence rates and trends of ADHD diagnoses, stratified by age group.ResultsIn adults, a significant (−10.6%; 95% CI −25.0%, −2.8%) downward trend in ADHD incidence was observed from 2016 to 2020, whereas a significant (+15.2%; 95% CI: 2.0%, 40.3%) upward trend was indicated from 2020 to 2023. Among adolescents, a significant (−26.1%; 95% CI: −33.4%, −14.4%) downward trend was observed between 2016 and 2018, while the incidence rate remained stable during 2018–2023.ConclusionsThis study is one of the largest retrospective cohort studies to investigate the incidence of new ADHD diagnoses among adolescents and adults in clinical practice, including before, during, and after the height of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results indicate fluctuations in the incidence rates of new ADHD diagnoses in recent years, with well‐defined trends observed for adolescents and adults. Future directions should include the investigation of the underlying factors contributing to these diagnostic trends.Relevance to clinical practiceAdvancing our understanding of diagnostic trends in clinical practice promotes accurate diagnosis and improved management of ADHD. Study findings support future investigation in identifying potential modifiable risk factors, ensuring sufficient treatment resources, developing targeted interventions, and addressing diagnostic disparities.

Analysis of the Impact of Shipping Tariffs on the Marginal Efficiency of Freight Forwarders Based on Cost Optimization and Supply Chain Resilience

In contemporary society, globalized trade continues to develop and become the mainstream of economic trade. As an important role in the shipping industry connecting all parts of the shipping industry, the operational efficiency and cost control ability of freight forwarding enterprises are directly related to the competitiveness of foreign trade enterprises. This thesis aims to analyze the role of shipping rate fluctuation and supply chain resilience on the marginal efficiency of freight forwarding enterprises, which is assessed by collecting shipping rate indices and analyzing past literature. It is found that the marginal cost of freight forwarders is more sensitive to the fluctuation of shipping tariffs and fuel costs, and that firms with higher supply chain resilience can effectively mitigate the shock during the period of rising tariffs. While improving efficiency, shipping companies still need to balance the relationship between cost control and environmental sustainability and form closer collaborative relationships with partners to cope with the wave of digitization.

Simulation of the effect of ion migration rate increase and fluctuations on streamer branching in insulating oil

Simulation of the effect of ion migration rate increase and fluctuations on streamer branching in insulating oil

Geogenic sources and high fluctuation rate of groundwater table accelerate the high fluoride in the aquifer of Manbhum-Singhbhum plateau fringe (India)

Fluorosis endemic is a foremost issue in the ancient Manbhum Singhbhum Plateau Fringe of India. Thus, the principal objectives of this study are i) to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of fluoride contamination over the extended section of the Manbhum-Singhbhum Plateau and ii) to examine the fluctuation rate of groundwater, the geogenic sources of fluoride and their degree of impact. About 954 samples were collected from groundwater sources and tested using the Spectrophotometer. The Schmidt-Hammer (SH) method has been applied to identify the degree of weathering. Groundwater table fluctuation (GWTF) has been assessed using the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA). The maximum concentration of fluoride was 19.3 mg/L in groundwater and 12.4 mg/kg in fluorite and apatite minerals. Areas with a negative trend of GWTF is faced high fluoride (>2.5 mg/L). Fluoride is high (>2 mg/L) where the SH values are less than 25. The outcome will be helpful for groundwater resource management.

Enhancing heat transfer in heat exchanger tube using four-shape cutting cone (FSCC) inserts: A numerical analysis

ABSTRACT The study introduces a new design modification for regular smooth tubes, incorporating the four-shape cutting cone (FSCC) to enhance heat transfer without increasing friction charge. Numerical simulations are used for processes heat and flow characteristics in the turbulent flow regime using certain parameters, ranging from 4000 ≤ Re ≤32,000. FSCC inserts can improve heat transmission, which lowers energy consumption in heat exchanger tube and helps achieve sustainability goals. A FSCC vortex was placed inside a smooth tube that measured 1500 mm in length, 30 mm in inner diameter (Din), and 35 mm in outer diameter (Do) for testing purposes. The FSCC measured (Dtop) = 20 mm at the top and Dbase = 28 mm at the base, with a thin 0.8 mm thickness (t). In this study, the Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (fr), and thermal performance evaluation criteria (TPEC) are examined in relation to FSCC perforations (N = 0, 2, and 3) and pitch-to-hydraulic ratios (PR = P/Din = 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5). The effects of perforations, i.e. hole number N = 0, 2, 3 and P/Din = 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5, are considered for the analysis. The integrated tube has higher TPEC and average Nusselt numbers as compared to the smooth tube. Additionally, it uses perforations and to look at fluctuations in the average entropy generation rate (Savg). The study found that FSCC-inserted tubes have a 9.3 and 17.9 times higher Savgf than smooth tube at Re = 32,000 and 4000, respectively, for N = 0 FSCC heat exchanger tube, but at Re = 32,000, the Savgh of FSCC is 0.4 times lower. Smooth tube improves average entropy generation (Savg), while friction flow creates irreversibility defects. Smooth tube performance in Savg is inferior, with Savgh declining with Re and N. According to the study, vortex/swirl flow, boundary layer disturbance, and fluid mixing are the main factors influencing fluid flow, which is improved by the FSCC integrated tube and improves heat exchanger performance. Nusselt number and the friction factor both decrease as perforations increase while TPEC also increases. The results suggest that the FSCC is a useful tool for improving the efficiency of tube heat exchangers. The maximum TPEC is observed around 2.44 for N = 0 at Re = 4000 and P/Din = 3.5.

Stock Price Prediction Model Based on LSTM Reflecting Interest Rate Fluctuations

Stock Price Prediction Model Based on LSTM Reflecting Interest Rate Fluctuations

LIETUVOS JAUNIMO PERĖJIMAS IŠ ŠVIETIMO SISTEMOS Į DARBO RINKĄ: IŠŠŪKIAI IR TENDENCIJOS

he article examines the process of youth transition from the education system to the labor market in Lithuania. It discusses the context of social policy and the regulation of legal and strategic documents. The main focus is on the European Union’s Youth Guarantee program, aimed at reducing youth unemployment, particularly among NEET (youth not in employment, education, or training). The article addresses the theoretical assumptions of the transition process and analyzes various theoretical perspectives, such as status change and human capital theory, which are used to assess youth integration into the labor market. In the Lithuanian context, the transition from the education system to the labor market is not a linear process. Youth transition is often accompanied by periods of unemployment and inactivity. The article distinguishes three youth segments: labor market-active youth, inactive individuals (studying but not working), and NEET youth. Special attention is given to the NEET indicator, which has increased over the long term in Lithuania, although it has fluctuated in different periods. The study also highlights the connections between youth employment and unemployment indicators with the NEET group, as well as correlational relationships showing that fluctuations in youth unemployment rates are closely related to changes in the NEET indicator. Additionally, the impact of educational attainment on youth employment is analyzed, noting that higher education does not always ensure successful employment. The article provides conclusions and recommendations on how to improve youth opportunities for successful integration into the labor market.

An Analysis on The Fluctuations of Exchange Rate and it's Impact on Financial Performance with Special Reference to Vedanth Tech Solutions Bangalore

Exchange rate fluctuations significantly influence the financial performance of globally engaged organizations. This study examines the impact of currency volatility on the financial health of Vedant Tech Solutions, a technology firm based in Bangalore. Through a detailed analysis of financial data, the research evaluates how foreign exchange variations affect profitability, revenue, and operational costs. The study employs quantitative techniques, including trend analysis and regression models, to establish a correlation between exchange rate changes and key financial metrics. The findings highlight the need for robust foreign exchange risk management strategies to mitigate adverse impacts and enhance financial stability. To analysis the research used a secondary data from company site and research paper and ratio analysis as a statistical tool. Insights derived from this research aim to guide Vedant Tech Solutions and similar organizations in navigating exchange rate uncertainties effectively. Keywords: Exchange rate fluctuations, financial performance, foreign exchange risk, currency volatility, risk management.

Scalp high-frequency oscillation spatial distribution is consistent over consecutive nights, while rates vary with antiseizure medication changes.

This study aimed to investigate two key aspects of scalp high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in pediatric focal lesional epilepsy: (1) the stability of scalp HFO spatial distribution across consecutive nights, and (2) the variation in scalp HFO rates in response to changes in antiseizure medication (ASM). We analyzed 81 whole-night scalp electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from 20 children with focal lesional epilepsy. We used a previously validated automated HFO detector to assess scalp HFO rates (80-250 Hz) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The spatial distribution of HFO rates across consecutive nights was evaluated using Hamming similarity, and changes in ASM were classified as increased, decreased, or stable. For each patient, we analyzed 3 ± 1 whole-night scalp EEG recordings, with a mean duration of 650 ± 215 min per recording. The distribution of HFO remained stable across consecutive nights, with a Hamming similarity of 88% ± 6%. Four patients had at least one ASM dosage decrease, nine patients had both ASM dosage decreases and increases, two patients had only ASM dosage increases, and five patients had no changes in ASM during the study period. A decrease in ASM dosage was associated with increased HFO rates (from .16 ± .32 to .22 ± .36 HFO/min; p = .03), whereas an increase in ASM dosage led to decreased HFO rates (from .32 ± .54 HFO/min to .22 ± .38 HFO/min; p = .005) when comparing the last night to the first. The spatial distribution of scalp HFOs remained consistent across multiple nights, whereas fluctuations in HFO rates correlated with changes in ASM dosage. These findings suggest that scalp HFOs may not only help identify epileptogenic brain tissue but also monitor treatment response.

The Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Egyptian International Business Transactions: An Empirical Analysis

The Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Egyptian International Business Transactions: An Empirical Analysis

Turkey’s Climate Change Policies and Regulations

This paper examines the relationship between exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) and inflation within dynamic structure, focusing on the impact of exchange rate changes on consumer prices (CPI) in Türkiye. The theoretical and empirical analysis builds on existing frameworks, considering how central banks’ reactions to exchange rate movements play a crucial role in shaping inflationary dynamics. The study uses the ARDL model to analyse the long-term and short-term effects of exchange rate fluctuations on inflation, focusing on the interaction between the CPI and the nominal exchange rate (NEX). For these goals, we employed monthly data over the January of 2000 and August of 2024. The analysis is based on two baseline models: the first examines how changes in the exchange rate directly impact the CPI, while the second assesses the rate of change in inflation due to exchange rate variations. Stationarity of the data is ensured through unit root testing, which confirms the appropriateness of using the ARDL model. The results reveal that exchange rate movements significantly affect CPI, with a 1% increase in the exchange rate leading to a 1.1625% increase in th e CPI in the long run, as evidenced by a p-value of 0.00. Additionally, in the short term, a 1% increase in the exchange rate results in a 0.1164% rise in the CPI, indicating a persistent effect on prices. The error correction term further supports the existence of a significant relationship between the CPI and the exchange rate in both short and long-term dynamics. Based on model 2, exchange rate changes have a significant effect on inflation in the long-term relationship. In particular, it has been shown that exchange rate increases can lead to long-term increases in inflation.

The Causes, Effects and Countermeasures of the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis: An In-Depth Analysis from the Perspective of Exchange Rate Fluctuations

Since 2009, the eurozone sovereign debt crisis has become the focus of global economic attention. This crisis has not only profoundly affected the economic stability and development of the eurozone, but also had a broad impact on the global financial market. From the perspective of exchange rate fluctuations, this paper will deeply analyze the causes, effects and coping strategies of the eurozone sovereign debt crisis, aiming to provide new perspectives and ideas for understanding the crisis.

EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

Exchange rate fluctuation poses a significant threat to the stability of a nation's economy. Every economy must strive to ensure stability in exchange rate to strengthen the purchasing power. The volatile movement of exchange rate in Nigeria induces increase in cost which adversely affects the manufacturing sector. Hence, this study investigated the effect of exchange rate fluctuation on performance of manufacturing sector in Nigeria. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag was used to analyse the secondary data that were collected from Central Bank statistical bulletin and annual reports. The study revealed that there is existence of a long run negative relationship between exchange rate fluctuation and contribution of manufacturing sector to GDP. There is also existence of a long run negative relationship amongst exchange rate fluctuation and manufacturing output in Nigeria. Finally, the study revealed that exchange rate fluctuation affects manufacturing capacity utilization in Nigeria. The study concluded that exchange rate volatility negatively affects Nigeria manufacturing sector. The study therefore recommends that macro-economic variables are known to affect performance of manufacturing sector therefore the monetary policies should be managed in a way that it will be favourable to manufacturing sector in Nigeria.

The Impact of the Fed's Monetary Policy Adjustment on China's Macro-economy

In the context of highly integrated global economies, the Federal Reserve (Fed), as the central bank of the United States, exerts widespread and profound influence through its monetary policy adjustments. This paper systematically analyzes the mechanisms and extent of the Fed's monetary policy adjustments on China's macroeconomy. First, this paper explored the main tools and recent adjustment paths of the Fed's monetary policy, including interest rate policies, quantitative easing (QE), and balance sheet reduction. Second, this paper analyzed how these policy adjustments are transmitted to the Chinese economy via international capital flows, exchange rate fluctuations, and changes in trade conditions. The study finds that Fed rate hikes can lead to a stronger U.S. dollar, prompting capital to flow back to the United States and exerting depreciation pressure on the Chinese yuan. This, in turn, affects China's export competitiveness and inflation levels. Additionally, increased volatility in global financial markets may pose challenges to China's financial stability. Finally, this paper propose policy recommendations for China to effectively respond to the Fed's monetary policy adjustments, including strengthening macro-prudential management, improving the exchange rate mechanism, and deepening financial market reforms.

Assessing the impact of interest rate fluctuations on sector index volatility in Bourse Istanbul: A GARCH approach

This study analyses the impact of interest rate changes and past volatility on sector index returns in Borsa Istanbul using a GARCH(1,1) model. The results show that interest rate changes negatively affect sector returns, including banking, food, holdings, tourism, services, transportation, financial, industrial, and technology. Furthermore, the GARCH(1,1) model indicates persistence in volatility in sectors like banking, holdings, transportation, financial, industrial, and technology, where past volatility strongly influences future volatility. Conversely, sectors such as food, tourism, and services exhibit less volatility persistence, suggesting more stable returns during interest rate fluctuations. The GARCH (1,1) specification outperforms the ARCH model by capturing the persistence of variance, making it a more reliable measure for sectoral volatility. The results align with previous research, mainly on the sensitivity of financial sectors to interest rate changes and market volatility. This study's unique contribution lies in its focus on BIST 100 sectors, offering valuable insights for investors to optimise asset allocation. By understanding sector-specific sensitivities to interest rate changes and volatility, investors can make informed decisions to enhance returns.

A Research on the Impact of the Belt and Road on the Euro Exchange Rate

With the advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative, the currency exchange rate fluctuations of various countries along the route are significantly influenced by it. The Belt and Road Initiative is based on the import and export trade of the countries along the route and has emerged as one of the crucial factors affecting currency exchange rate fluctuations. The current research focuses on the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on the euro exchange rate. Regarding import and export trade, the economic development level of countries worldwide, the inflation rate, and the demand for money, it aims to review, investigate, and study previous research outcomes such as "Fisher's Theorem", "Cambridge Equation", and Keynes's liquidity preference theory. By citing the white paper "Jointly Building the Belt and Road: A Major Practice of Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind" issued by The State Council, this paper employs literature analysis and regression analysis methods to demonstrate the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative on the fluctuation of the euro exchange rate from multiple perspectives, in all respects, and at a profound level. Through the Belt and Road database and the World Bank to search for relevant data and by citing relevant literature from CNKI and WOS, we already have come to a conclusion that the Belt and Road has a significant influence on the rate of euro, good prediction results have been achieved.

Discussion on the Dynamic Trend of RMB Exchange Rate after the Full Lifting of Epidemic Control

In recent years, the internationalization of the RMB has been steadily advancing, becoming increasingly significant in international trade, investment, payment, and settlement. As one of the world’s major payment currencies, the RMB’s exchange rate fluctuations have garnered considerable attention since the full lifting of epidemic control at the end of 2022. This paper systematically reviews the changes in the RMB exchange rate post-epidemic control and its potential influencing factors, while also providing an outlook on future research directions.