Phase Of Rapid Development Research Articles

Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Dynamic Monitoring and Driving Force Analysis in Yangzhou Urban Area Based on Object-Oriented Technology

For recent decades, especially with the launch of international commercial satellites carrying high-precision sensors, land use dynamic monitoring techniques based on high-resolution remote sensing imagery have undergone a phase of rapid development of key techniques applied in many aspects vastly. This paper is focused on the technological research and procedure of these key techniques, including the process of multi-temporal images, the information classification and feature extraction method, and also the analysis of classified result and driving factors influencing mutual conversion between land classes. Considering the representative meaning as its typicality in China, Yangzhou urban area was regarded as the study zone with multi-temporal images of three periods in the year of 1988, 2002 and 2007. During the procedure of classifying, object-oriented method was applied to e36xtract features from different multi-temporal imagery. Through comparative analysis, it was demonstrated that residential area expanded rapidly especially from 2002 to 2007 and area of the arable and other kinds of land cover reduced considerably. Finally, it is concluded that multiple driving forces affected the land use/change and multivariable linear regression model was used to explore the primary and secondary forces.

Forum on China-Africa Cooperation: Development and Prospects

The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) has been established for 12 years. In July this year, the Fifth Ministerial Conference will be held in Beijing. The cooperation mechanism of the Forum is getting more sophisticated, with its role and influence increasingly prominent after 12 years’ development. It has effectively promoted Sino- African relations to a comprehensive, thorough and rapid development phase. Before the start of the Fifth Ministerial Conference, it is necessary to review the commitments of the first four Conferences, examine their impact on economic and trade relations between China and Africa and look into the future prospects of FOCAC.

The Manufacture-Learning-Research Cooperation Policy Research in China

After stepping into the new century, China’s economic and social development level rising, continuously improve the level of opening, cooperation to begin to enter the rapid development phase, the scope of cooperation continues to expand, the level of cooperation, continuously improve the mode of cooperation and innovation. We formulated and implemented to promote the cooperation of policy, it is the government in manufacture-learning-research cooperation an important aspect of work.

Secure Development - Web Application Security.

In Current scenario, many Web applications go through rapid development phases like adopting agile methodology of development with very short turnaround time, making it difficult to identify and eliminate vulnerabilities. This paper provides analysis of requirement of Secure Development and Web application security assessment mechanisms in order to identify poor coding practices that render Web applications vulnerable to attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. This paper also list out the different categories of vulnerability with the small examples along with prevention guidance and a sample of research by different vendors about the State of Software Security Report and Web Application Vulnerability Statistics of 2012. This paper reviews need of secure development, resource s available for creating secure Web applications. These resources ranges from the security features of the development, to automated tools evaluating an existing Web application, to Web sites dedicated to all facets of Web application security. In Web application security, making one single mistake can lead to many unwanted flaws. By using the different resources available, the risk of the applications to be vulnerable can be reduced to an acceptable level. In addition, some risk can be avoided at the very beginning of the project life cycle when the requirements for the system are defined.

The Study of Urban Intelligent Development Stage in China

With the development and impulse of the internet of things technology, intelligent transportation development has entered upon a new rapid development phase. Firstly, this study advanced dynamic sensing stage, active control stage, integrated coordination stage for intelligent transportation development to go through. Secondly, characters and development priorities of each stage was analyzed. Thirdly, some examples were used to summarized that a majority of cities in china are in the dynamic sensing stage expect paucity such as shanghai city. The conclusion of this study will do some help to the development of urban intelligent development in China.

Detailed flow, hydrometeor and lightning characteristics of an isolated thunderstorm during COPS

Abstract. The three-hour life-cycle of the isolated thunderstorm on 15 July 2007 during the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS) is documented in detail, with a special emphasis on the rapid development and mature phases. Remote sensing techniques as 5-min rapid scans from geostationary satellites, combined velocity retrievals from up to four Doppler-radars, the polarimetric determination of hydrometeors and spatio-temporal occurrences of lightning strokes are employed to arrive at a quantification of the physical parameters of this, during the COPS period, singular event. Inner cloud flow fields are available from radar multiple Doppler analyses at four consecutive times separated by 15 min-intervals. They contain horizontal winds of around 15 m s−1 and updrafts exceeding 5 m s−1, the latter collocated with lightning strokes. Reflectivity and polarimetric data indicate the existence of hail at the 2 km level around 14:40. Furthermore, polarimetric and Doppler radar variables indicate intense hydrometeor variability and turbulence corresponding to an enhanced variance of the retrieved 3-D wind fields. Profiles of flow and hydrometeor statistics over the entire cloud volume provide reference data for high-resolution numerical weather prediction runs in research mode. The study embarks from two movie-loops of geostationary satellite imagery (as Supplement), which provide an intuitive distinction of six phases making up the entire life-cycle of the thunderstorm. It concludes with a triple-image loop, juxtaposing a close-up of the cloud motion as seen by Meteosat, simulated brightness temperature (as a proxy for clouds seen by the infrared satellite channel), and a perspective view on the model generated system of cloud cells. The simulation suggests that several updrafts fed from a low level convergence line eventually removed the convective inhibition and set deep convection in motion. A shear line in the radial velocity relative to the Feldberg radar site shows good agreement beween observation and simulation, whereas the onset location of deep convection exhibits a horizontal discrepancy of 15 km. A quantitative schematic of the isolated thunderstorm synthesizes all retrieved characteristics.

Electrophysiological and functional connectivity of the human supplementary motor area

Neuro-imaging methods for detecting functional and structural inter-regional connectivity are in a rapid phase of development. While reports of regional connectivity patterns based on individual methods are becoming common, studies comparing the results of two or more connectivity-mapping methods remain rare. In this study, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation during PET imaging (TMS/PET), a stimulation-based method, and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM), a task-based method to map the connectivity patterns of the supplementary motor area (SMA). Further, we drew upon the behavioral domain meta-data of the BrainMap® database to characterize the behavioral domain specificity of two maps. Both MACM and TMS/PET detected multi-synaptic connectivity patterns, with the MACM-detected connections being more extensive. Both MACM and TMS/PET detected connections belonging to multiple behavioral domains, including action, cognition and perception. Finally, we show that the two connectivity-mapping methods are complementary in that, the MACM informed on the functional nature of SMA connections, while TMS/PET identified brain areas electrophysiologically connected with the SMA. Thus, we demonstrate that integrating multimodal database and imaging techniques can derive comprehensive connectivity maps of brain areas.

Three-Dimensional Scour at Submarine Pipelines

This paper presents results of an experimental study on three-dimensional scour at submarine pipelines with uniform sediment under a unidirectional current in clear-water conditions. The data show that propagation of the scour hole in the transverse direction of flow may be divided into a rapid and a slack phase of development. The former is characterized by a higher and constant velocity, whereas the latter a lower and reducing propagation velocity. Four nondimensional parameters are identified and their effects examined experimentally. Pipeline embedment and water depth to pipeline diameter ratios, which represent the stability force, inhibit the scouring process, resulting in a reduced propagation velocity and a dominant slack phase of development. Conversely, Froude number and Shields parameters represent the environment force; they enhance the scouring process, causing a high propagation velocity and a dominant rapid phase of development. The experimental results reveal that the scour process is not sensitive to Shields parameter under clear-water conditions but is closely related to the other three parameters. The effect of all the parameters can be viewed in a balance between the environment and stability forces.

Neurodevelopmental functioning of infants with untreated single-suture craniosynostosis during early infancy

Single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) is a congenital craniofacial disorder, in which premature fusion of one of the skull sutures restricts and distorts growth of the cranium and underlying brain. This disorder of prenatal onset occurs during a critical phase of rapid growth and development of the immature brain. Craniosynostosis carries a known risk of developmental impairment. The neurodevelopmental sequelae of SSC prior to treatment remains however incompletely understood. This study sought to determine the neurodevelopmental sequelae of untreated single-suture craniosynostosis during early infancy. Fifty-six consecutive patients with unoperated SSC (sagittal, metopic and unicoronal) comprised the sample cohort. Patients were aged between 4 and 16months (M = 8.9months, SD = 2.9months). Neurodevelopmental functioning was assessed with the mental (Mental Development Index) and motor (Psychomotor Development Index) scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition. Children with SSC displayed significantly lower mean mental (M = 97.7, SD = 6.7, p < 0.05) and motor (M = 87.7, SD = 13.0, p < 0.001) scores than normative population averages. The distribution of these scores also differed significantly from the normative distribution; an increased rate of significant motor developmental delay was found, and none of the children displayed accelerated development. Subgroup comparisons between the primary diagnostic subtypes in this sample revealed no significant differences in mental or motor skill functioning. Untreated SSC is associated with an increased incidence of developmental delay during early infancy, with motor skills appearing the most vulnerable to impairment during this developmental phase.

The effectiveness of music on pain among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review.

Review question/objective The objective of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence related to the effectiveness of music as pain relieving method among preterm infants during painful procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit. Review questions are: Among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit, is music effective in reducing - pain scores? - physiological pain indicators? - behavioural pain indicators? - hormonal pain indicators? Inclusion criteria Types of participants This review will consider studies that include preterm infants (i.e. born at or before 37 gestational weeks) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Types of intervention(s) This review will consider studies that evaluate any type of music (recorded or lived music), which is implemented for premature infants by a music therapist or any health care providers during painful procedures. Comparator No music intervention (the infant will receive the usual care based on the routine practices in the unit) Types of outcomes This review will consider studies that include the following outcome measures: level of pain measured by pain scores and/ or physiological (e.g. hearth rate, blood pressure, respiration, oxygen saturation), behavioural (e.g. cry, facial expression, movements, sleep-wake state) and hormonal (e.g. blood glucose, cortisol level, catecholamine acids) pain indicators.

Genotypic resistance testing in routine clinical care

Genotypic resistance testing has become part of routine clinical management of HIV-infected patients. Focussing on observational studies, this review looks at recent advances in this area. Translation of the nucleotide sequence generated by the resistance test into clinically useful information remains a major challenge. A recent key development is the availability of therapy optimization tools to predict regimens that are most likely to achieve virological suppression. Standard genotypic resistance testing only examines protease and part of reverse transcriptase; as drugs are licensed to further targets, it has become necessary to expand the repertoire for testing. Traditionally, genotypic testing has not been attempted at viral loads less than 1000 copies/ml, but recent studies indicate that major mutations are often detected at much lower levels. Similarly, various methods have been developed for the detection of minority variants including allele-specific PCR, single-genome sequencing, and ultra-deep sequencing. The technology and interpretation of genotypic resistance tests is in a phase of rapid development. It remains uncertain which of these developments will become part of routine clinical practice.

Proper nutrition can prevent negative health outcomes in young female athletes

Since the onset of Title IX, opportunities have dramatically increased for female athletes, largely to their benefit. However, some negative health outcomes such as disordered eating, chronic menstrual disturbances and low bone mass have been associated with high-level competition among some female athletes, particularly in sports such as gymnastics and cross-country running, where a slender physique or lean body build is important. Adolescent female athletes, in a rapid growth and development phase, may be at greatest risk. We sought to identify athletes at risk, understand the origin of possible negative outcomes and recommend behavioral modifications that promote participation in competitive sports while supporting lifetime health. This review discusses the development and impact of disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction on bone mass in young, competitive, female athletes and provides nutrition recommendations for their energy, carbohydrate, protein, vitamin and mineral intake.

N-myristoyltransferase in the leukocytic development processes

The lipidic modification of proteins has recently been shown to be of immense importance, although many of the roles of these modifications remain as yet unidentified. One of such key modifications occurring on several proteins is the covalent addition of a 14-carbon long saturated fatty acid, a process termed myristoylation. Myristoylation can occur during both co-translational protein synthesis and posttranslationally, confers lipophilicity to protein molecules, and controls protein functions. The protein myristoylation process is catalyzed by the enzyme N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), which exists as two isoforms: NMT1 and NMT2. NMT1 is essential for growth and development, during which rapid cellular proliferation is required, in a variety of organisms. NMT1 is also reported to be elevated in many cancerous states, which also involve rapid cellular growth, albeit in an unwanted and uncontrolled manner. The delineation of myristoylation-dependent cellular functions is still in a state of infancy, and many of the roles of the myristoylated proteins remain to be established. The development of cells of the leukocytic lineage represents a phase of rapid growth and development, and we have observed that NMT1 plays a role in this process. The current review outlines the roles of NMT1 in the growth and differentiation of the cells of leukocytic origin. The described studies clearly demonstrate the roles of NMT1 in the regulation of the developmental processes of the leukocytes cells and provide a basis for further research with the aim of unraveling the roles of protein myristoylation in both cellular and physiological context.

The Role of Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes in an Explosive Cyclogenesis over the South American East Coast

An explosive cyclogenesis over the east coast of South America was simulated during the period from 28 to 30 May 1999, using a limited-area hydrostatic model with 100 km horizontal resolution. The simulations showed that surface heat flux had an important contribution in developing the explosive cyclogenesis, and that the latent heat flux (LHF) has a larger contribution than the sensible heat flux (SHF). In the absence of a total heat flux (THF, ie. LHF plus SHF), the cyclone was 6 hPa shallower than in the control simulation (with THF). Without LHF the cyclone was 4 hPa shallower, while without SHF the cyclone presented the same intensity as the control simulation. The sensitivity experiments show the following effects of surface heat fluxes: i) the magnitudes and extensions of the effects grew with simulation time; ii) the maximum effects appeared in the southeastern part of the cyclone (warm front sector); iii) the LHF effects were 2–3 times larger than the SHF ones; and iv) the LHF effects were observed in the neighborhood of the cyclone, while the SHF effects were more spread out over the domain. In the THF absent experiment, a drier and colder environment was generated, mainly in the lower troposphere over the ocean, decreasing the environmental potential instability, latent heat release and cyclone intensification. Although the THF effects became larger during the most rapid development phase, they must have been present before this period because they preconditioned the environment for explosive development. Thus, to simulate or forecast the explosive cyclogenes on the South American east coast, an adequate representation of the planetary boundary layer is necessary.

Guidelines on the Management of Psoriasis in South Africa

BACKGROUND; Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated, potentially devastating disease, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, that can cause substantial morbidity and psychological stress and have a profound negative impact on patient quality of life. These guidelines for the management of psoriasis have been developed in an attempt to improve the outcomes of treatment of this condition in South Africa. Psoriasis has a major impact on the quality of life of sufferers, and it is expected that these guidelines, if implemented, will play a role in achieving improved outcome. These guidelines were developed to address the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis, of differing degrees of severity and in patients of all ages, by all health care professionals involved with its management. All health care workers involved in the management of psoriasis should take note of these guidelines and try to implement them in clinical practice as far as possible. All treatment methods and procedures not substantiated by evidence from the literature should be discontinued and avoided to decrease the financial burden of psoriasis treatment. These guidelines were developed through general consensus by a group of 8 South African dermatologists (the 'Working Group') sanctioned by the Dermatological Society of South Africa (DSSA), by adaptation for the South African situation of the current guidelines used in the USA, the UK, Germany, Canada and Finland. Draft documents were made available for comment to the dermatological community as a whole via the official website of the DSSA, and the guidelines were presented and discussed at the annual congress of the DSSA in 2008. All input from these sources, where appropriate, were then incorporated into these guidelines. GUIDELINES SPONSOR: Schering-Plough initiated the project and sponsored the meetings of the working group and all costs generated by these meetings. PLANS FOR GUIDELINE REVISION: The field of biologicals and cytokine modulators is in a rapid phase of development, and revision of the scope and content of these guidelines will be ongoing as longer-term data emerge.

Active Sport Tourism in the Hungarian Population: Current Trends and Perspectives

Active Sport Tourism in the Hungarian Population: Current Trends and PerspectivesIn the past few decades, sport and tourism, two significant industries, have gone through a phase of rapid development. The relationship between the two fields is becoming more and more recognized by economic actors, policymakers and social scientists as well; nevertheless, there is a question of how widespread active sport tourism is in the different social groups of Hungarian society, and what the perspectives of sport tourism are as a leisure time activity in the future. The objective of the current paper is to answer these questions, based on survey research conducted in a representative sample (n=1027) of the Hungarian adult population. In the first phase of data analysis, the author focused on the following two questions: (1) What percentage of the population is engaged in doing regular physical exercise, and travelling during their holidays? (2) Is there a relationship between doing exercise and travelling? Based on the two dimensions (physical exercise and travelling) four groups could be separated, the in-depth analysis of the groups was carried out in the second phase of the data analysis. During this phase, the following questions were in focus: (1) How can the four groups be characterized concerning their socio-economic status? (2) What leisure activities are characteristic of them? (3) What can be said about the social networks of the members of these groups? (4) How can we characterize their attitudes to healthy lifestyle, and within this, sport? According to the results, the social basis of active sport tourism is not very wide. The majority of the Hungarian population is hindered by worsening living standards and worsening health levels, and by the lack of adequate knowledge about active sport tourism and the positive impact of it on the quality of life. A further problem is that although many people are familiar with the influence of lifestyle on health, and recognize the benefits of exercise in theory, in reality few people are involved in sporting activities, and for many, doing exercise is not a source of pleasure. That is why it is important that the messages referring to the positive impact of regular physical exercise reach the different social groups. In these messages, besides the often stressed health-preserving role, social and recreational aspects of sport as a leisure time activity should also be emphasized.

British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for biologic interventions for psoriasis 2009

St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT U.K. *Department of Dermatology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport NP20 2UB, U.K. Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. §Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Alliance, PO Box 111, St Albans AL2 3JQ, U.K. –Department of Dermatology, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K. **Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath BA1 1RL, U.K. Department of Dermatology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, U.K. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. §§Department of Dermatology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB9 2ZB, U.K.

G-COT

This paper explores the process of technological innovation from a geographical perspective. Some explanations of technological change concentrate on the development of technology itself - in which makers play a central role, while other explanations focus more on consumption and the users of technology. In this paper, discussion will focus on interactions between makers and users, and on the particular places in which such interactions occur. It is proposed that these interactions, especially during the early phase of rapid product development, produce creative spaces. An adaptation of the social construction of technology (SCOT) model is therefore proposed which stresses the geographical settings in which rapid innovation occurs, and therefore is called geographical construction of technology (G-COT). The G-COT model is illustrated by the case of the Coventry bicycle industry from its foundation in 1869 to 1880 when this town had become the world's largest center of bicycle production.

Papel dos fluxos de calor latente e sensível em superfície associado a um caso de ciclogênese na Costa Leste da América do Sul

Neste estudo foram realizados experimentos numéricos com um modelo meteorológico regional a fim de verificar o impacto dos Fluxos de Calor Latente (FCL) e Calor Sensível (FCS) em superfície no desenvolvimento de um ciclone intenso ocorrido sobre a costa leste da região sudeste da América do Sul, entre os dias 24 e 26 de julho de 1998. A taxa de intensificação do ciclone foi reduzida em 6 hPa/24 h no experimento em que os FCL e FCS estavam ausentes. Verificou-se que a ausência do FCL apresentou maior impacto do que a ausência do FCS, fazendo com que a taxa de intensificação fosse reduzida em 6 hPa/24 h para o experimento sem FCL e permanecesse inalterada sem FCS, mas neste último a isóbara de menor valor no centro do ciclone ocupou uma área menor. A ausência dos FCL e FCS em superfície gerou uma camada mais seca e mais fria próxima à superfície oceânica, reduzindo a instabilidade potencial do ambiente e diminuindo a intensificação do ciclone. Concluiu-se, portanto que os FCL e FCS em superfície foram importantes antes da fase de mais rápido desenvolvimento do ciclone, agindo no sentido de preparar o ambiente para uma ciclogênese mais intensa, através do fornecimento de energia e umidade para a baixa troposfera. Na fase de mais rápido desenvolvimento, a energia e a umidade disponíveis nas camadas mais baixas da atmosfera (inseridos na fase anterior) também foram importantes, permitindo ao ciclone se desenvolver mais intensamente do que ocorreria em um ambiente mais seco e menos instável termicamente.

Cb-TRAM: Tracking and monitoring severe convection from onset over rapid development to mature phase using multi-channel Meteosat-8 SEVIRI data

Cb-TRAM is a new fully automated tracking and nowcasting algorithm. Intense convective cells are detected, tracked and discriminated with respect to onset, rapid development, and mature phase. The detection is based on Meteosat-8 SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Imager) data from the broad band high resolution visible, infra-red 6.2 µm (water vapour), and the infra-red 10.8 µm channels. In addition, tropopause temperature data from ECMWF operational model analyses is utilised as an adaptive detection criterion. The tracking is based on geographical overlap between current detections and first guess patterns of cells predicted from preceeding time steps. The first guess patterns as well as short range forecast extrapolations are obtained with the aid of a new image matching algorithm providing complete fields of approximate differential cloud motion. Based on these motion vector fields interpolation and extrapolation of satellite data are obtained which allow to generate synthetic intermediate data fields between two known fields as well as nowcasts of motion and development of detected areas. Examples of the application of Cb-TRAM and a comparison to precipitation radar and lightning data as independent data sources demonstrate the capabilities of the new technique.