Rapid Modernization Research Articles

A Historical Perspective of Science Education in Japan: Which Way is it Headed in the Future?

Japan has achieved rapid modernisation compared with other Asian countries, and Japanese students often obtain higher scores on international science assessment tests than students from Western countries that have influenced Japan. The question of what led Japan to attain such a position and what can be expected in the future persists. To understand the future of science education in schools, called rika in Japan, as well as its complex and multi-layered status in schools, it is important to employ a historical approach. This study examines the following analytical points: the slogan “Science for all and for excellence,” the West’s influence, and social changes. This study also explores the pre- and post-World War II eras. Finally, expectations for the near future are discussed. It is known that Japan will continue to develop rika that encompasses both homogeneous and heterogeneous Western science education, considering the global trends in science education. Consequently, while the policy of “Science for all” will be maintained in the near future, “Science for excellence” programmes, such as the “Super Science High Schools” programme, can be extended in terms of the supply of future scientists and engineers. This can be partly at the request of the industrial sector to survive international economic competition based on scientific and technological innovation and to maintain its international status. An important lesson from history is that science, as a part of liberal education, is provided for the individual wellbeing of scientifically literate citizens, rather than for the nation’s benefit. Therefore, the duality of “Science for all and for excellence” should not be considered in terms of binary opposition; “for excellence” should be recognised as encompassed by and a form or part of “for all.”

Consultants & Trainees Active Participation in Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT): Tumor Boards can Play a Major Role in the Achievement of their Academic Professional Development Goals

We wish to share with the readers of this scientific journal our experiences and observations regarding educational gains achieved by the consultant faculty and trainee postgraduate residents via active participation in multidisciplinary team (MDT) Tumor Boards. The rapid modernization of teaching methodologies is being observed in both postgraduate residents and faculty professional education learning processes. Contemporary literature is increasingly depicting academic work which is being directed towards the exploration of both educational and social determinants of health care [1]. Several socio-economic factors have been discussed across the globe which have an impact on the health care systems [2]. Researchers argued over the fact that the leading factor for a positive outcome is socioeconomic wellbeing especially for patients with diseases, like cancer, diabetes mellitus, etc. If we critically evaluate the curriculums designed on the principles of traditional problem-based learning and case-based learning, they are very well-established students centre approaches, but on their merit, they failed to provide a holistic picture of the patient care [3].

ARCHITECTURE OF AVANT-GARDE IN UKRAINE IN 1921-1939: ORIGINS, WAYS OF SPREADING, MAIN FEATURES

The heritage of the architectural Avant-garde in Ukraine, formed in the interwar period (1921-1939), is large-scale in the number of objects and diverse in their typology, techniques and forms of expression of modern architectural ideas. Volyn – a historical Ukraine region that, at that time, was part of Poland (the Second Polish Republic) – plays a special role in this context. To date, the region has preserved a significant array of objects that demonstrate the specifics of the interpretation of European and Polish Avant-garde concepts. The article attempts to analyze the architectural context, ways of spreading and formation features of the architectural image of residential and public buildings as part of the European heritage of Interwar Modernism. Lack of professional evaluation and recognition of the objects’ value leads to their gradual degradation, reconstruction or destruction. Methods of comparative and stylistic analysis, archival research and field surveys of architectural objects were used in this research. The study showed that the spread of the Avant-Garde style in the architecture of Volyn was significantly delayed compared to similar processes in the architecture of Western Europe and Poland and reached its peak at the end of the interwar period. The use of formative techniques of Avant-Garde architecture in housing construction became an identifier and symbol of the social prestige of certain social groups. The design of public buildings reflected Volyn’s rapid social modernization.

Spatial–temporal distribution of large-size light falling-net fisheries in the South China Sea

With the rapid modernization of methods for monitoring fishing vessels, different ways of obtaining data on large-size light falling-net vessels have developed. In particular, the vessel monitoring system (VMS) may be used to track fishing activities in the South China Sea (SCS). In this study, we used VMS data to show the characterize and differences in the information transmitted when monitoring large-size falling-net fishing vessels, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. We investigated the spatial distribution of large-size light falling-net fisheries in the SCS using Beidou VMS data from 2017 to 2020. We also compared trajectories of fishing vessels from various provinces. According to these data, vessels operate in the Nansha Islands and the waters of the Pearl River Estuary, Beibu Gulf, Zhongsha, and Xisha Islands, and there is a clear seasonal pattern of fishing in the SCS. There are the differences of vessels in terms of distribution areas and ports of entry and exit. Additionally, we found the operation area of the large-size falling-net fishing vessels divided into four main fishing zones. The analysis compares the number of days of operation in the different fishing areas as well as seasonal variations. Our study shows that the operating area of large-size light falling-net vessels has extended southwards and that the number of days for which fishing vessels operate has increased compared with the last decade. Using the Beidou VMS to study the large-size light falling-net vessels in the SCS can provide more detailed scientific reference data for the SCS fisheries.

Maternal encouragement of competitiveness and school adjustment in Chinese adolescents.

Due to rapid urbanization and modernization, individual competitiveness has become increasingly important for individuals to acquire success in the contemporary Chinese society. This 1-year longitudinal study examined the relations between maternal encouragement of competitiveness and adjustment in Chinese adolescents (N = 1,493, 720 boys, Mage = 13 years). Maternal encouragement of competitiveness was assessed using child reports, and information on adolescents' adjustment was obtained from peer reports, teacher ratings, and school records. The results showed that maternal encouragement of competitiveness was negatively related to later teacher-rated learning problems. Moreover, maternal encouragement of competitiveness positively contributed to later peer-assessed assertiveness and social status among those who were initially high on assertiveness and social status. The results were discussed in the Chinese context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Insights on measuring China’s new national culture from leaders of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Understanding China’s national culture is increasingly important for enabling greater international collaborative activities as China takes her central stage in the global arena. However, the country’s rapid modernization, such as through leading innovations in Industry 4.0 (specifically the ‘Made in China 2025’ policy), may have provoked a cultural turn that is difficult to capture with existing cultural measurement tools. This study conducted interviews with leaders of Chinese establishments that have updated their operations to the Industry 4.0 specification to understand their impact on general perception and workplace culture. Based on these insights, this article argues that existing models for measuring national culture are not necessarily being old that makes them unsuitable for application to a ‘new’ China but that Chinese establishments operating Industry 4.0 are a unique case for which generalized models can no longer be universally applicable. Instead, augmented/alternative cultural dimensions are suggested as new theoretical constructs for this unique context.

Pathway to Sustainability through Pragmatic Wisdom

In this era of rapid modernization, technology has changed people’s everyday lives globally but at a heavy price, as evidenced, for example, by the earth’s deteriorating environments. Environmental contamination has induced the adverse impacts of climate change, manifested as natural disasters. According to scientific predictions, if climate change continues at the current rate, irreversible damage to the planet’s ability to sustain life could occur by 2100. This disturbing scenario has prompted a wake-up call for promoting sustainability and initiatives, such as the Sustainable Development Goals formulated by the United Nations, which are aimed at influencing and penetrating every aspect of life. This article discusses the importance of pragmatic wisdom for our earth’s restoration through the achievement of sustainability, which requires a revolution in education. A new educational model, particular within higher education, which extends beyond most of the current educational models for acquiring knowledge, is required to promote pragmatic wisdom. Apart from the acquisition of scientific knowledge, philosophical thinking and critical thinking skills are essential for promoting pragmatic wisdom. In this context, an education that couples liberal arts with natural sciences could be one of the solutions for facilitating the transformation of knowledge into pragmatic wisdom, which can potentially foster sustainability.

Syed Ross Masood and a Japanese Model for Education, Nationalism, and Modernity in Hyderabad

AbstractSyed Ross Masood (1889-1937), grandson of the Muslim modernist Syed Ahmad Khan and former principal of Osmania University, traveled in 1922 from India to Japan as Director of Public Instruction for Hyderabad to assess Japan's educational system. In Japan and Its Educational System, a report published in 1923, Masood concluded that education had been key to Japan's rapid modernization and recommended that Hyderabad follow the country's model of modernization and educational reform: transmit Western knowledge through widespread vernacular education, and focus on the imperial tradition, freedom from foreign control, and patriotic nationalism. Masood sought to use mass vernacular education to create in Hyderabad a nationalist subject, loyal to the ruling Muslim dynasty, who absorbed modern scientific knowledge with its Western epistemic foundations but who remained untainted by Western norms. This study contextualizes and historicizes Masood's attempt to create in Hyderabad a new nationalist subject, focusing on his 1923 report about Japan.

Effects of different drying methods on chemical compositions, antioxidant activity and anti-α-glucosidase activity of Coreopsis tinctoria flower tea

Coreopsis tinctoria (CT) flower is widely consumed as flower tea with many good healthcare benefits in China, and room drying is the most common drying method of CT, while many rapid and controllable modern instrument drying methods have been used for the drying of flowers teas. In the present study, effects of drying methods on chemical components, antioxidant activity and anti-α-glucosidase activity of CT have been compared to search for proper drying methods. In the results, drying methods have significant effects on the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and anti-α-glucosidase activity of CT. Vacuum drying at 50 °C, hot air drying at 30 °C and hot air drying at 50 °C are the top three drying methods to produce dried CT of high quality, and hot air drying at 30 °C is more energy-efficient and time-saving. Our results provide some new choices for CT in the future.

Physical Inactivity and Health

Health is the measure of our body’s efficiency and over-all well-being. Health triangle consisting of physical, social, and mental health is a standard for many health aspects. Physical activity (PA) is any bodily movement that uses energy produced by the skeletal muscles. It is obvious that PA is important for both social and physical development. Physical inactivity has a large-scale detrimental influence on health-related concerns such as cardiovascular disease (including hypertension and stroke), hyperlipidemia, obesity, depression, and anxiety, which is the root of many non-communicable diseases. Approximately 60-85% of the world's population is unable to meet the minimum daily PA recommendation. It is estimated that 2 million people die each year because of physical inactivity. Insufficient activity increased by 5% (from 31.6-36.8%) in high-income countries between 2001 and 2016. Globally, 81% of adolescents aged 11-17 years were insufficiently physically active in 2016 [1]. In Pakistan, levels of PA are far from adequate. Overall, sedentary lifestyle is prevalent, and 58.7% subjects had no or low PA in their routine daily lives. Medium-level PA was observed in 34.8% of male and 39.8% of female subjects [2]. Several benefits and risks are associated with physical activity. Regular physical exercise has been shown to aid in the prevention and management of noncommunicable illnesses. PA lowers the risk of some types of cancer. It can be used to control and treat type II diabetes (noninsulin-dependent), as well as to preserve bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. It also aids in the prevention of hypertension, the maintenance of a healthy body, improvement of mental health and quality of life. Furthermore, PA has been used to maintain and increase weight and gives physical, social, emotional, and cognitive advantages. Promoting physical activity in the early stages of life is critical for children's and adults' healthy development. In Pakistan sedentary lifestyle is growing with rapid urbanization and modernization. Use of television, mobile and social media has increased. Number of sedentary jobs have raised in recent years and health is suffering because of all that inactivity. Several infectious and non-infectious diseases are prevailing within the population dye to physical inactivity. Following the global approach, healthy lifestyle and diet culture should be promoted in workplaces and households. Newest versions of research questionnaires and surveys used globally, need to be used in Pakistan. Different scales are needed to be devised and assessed contemplating socio-economic and geographic profile of Pakistan. National wide analysis of knowledge, attitude, and practice of is also recommended that will help stakeholders and government for taking adequate and direct initiatives for an ultimate healthy community.

Centennial Change and Source–Sink Interaction Process of Traditional Agricultural Landscape: Case from Xin’an Traditional Cherry Cultivation System (1920–2020)

In contrast to modern agriculture, long-standing traditional agricultural practices such as agricultural heritage systems (AHS) are important inspirations for promoting harmonious human–land relations. However, some AHS have been in danger as their traditional agricultural landscapes (TALs) were changed by rapid modernization and urbanization. Thus, how do we figure out the change processes? What conservation measures can be taken? Taking the Xin’an Traditional Cherry Cultivation System in the loess hilly areas of Henan Province as a case, this study introduced the source–sink landscape theory to analyze the structure and process of the TAL during 1920–2020. Results show that, during 1920–1950, the traditional rural landscape (TRL) and the agricultural (natural) ecological landscape (ANEL) in the TAL were relatively balanced because they were source and sink to each other. Since 1985, the source expansion and sink resistance of both TRL and ANEL have been greatly hindered by the sink growth of modern village landscapes (MVL). As the core source landscape, TRL needs salvage protection for inheriting local characteristics by effective measures. TAL conservation should highlight rurality preservation through expanding the protection scope of TRL, endowing the MVL with more indigenous cultural features, etc. All these may contribute to rural vitalization and sustainable development.

The EAEU Pharmacopoeia as a Harmonizing Basis for the Requirements for the Quality of Medicines in the EAEU and Beyond

The author investigates a particular issue of drug compliance arising from the lack of broad harmonization between different pharmacopoeias around the world. The absence of customs barriers, the presence of a unified system of certification of goods, a single mark of conformity seems to be a sufficient legal basis for the development of a «Eurasian» pharmacopeia. It is important to emphasize the expanded perception of the scope of the EAEU pharmacopeia, according to which active pharmaceutical substances, excipients, drugs and other materials described in pharmacopeia articles are listed as objects of standardization of requirements, and both medicine and veterinary medicine are designated as a possible scope of their application. The EAEU has rightly adopted a course towards standardization and harmonization in a broader format of good pharmaceutical practices in the field of drug circulation. The content of pharmacopoeial monographs should also be taken into account when performing a patent search in the aspect of registration of inventions related to medicines. Taking into account the great potential of the EAEU in the context of medicines created on the territory of the EAEU and the Russian Federation used in the fight against coronavirus infection and other latest infections, diseases, the EAEU pharmacopoeia as an act of harmonizing requirements for the quality of medicines and the corresponding harmonization processes within the EAEU should be flexible, subject to rapid modernization and supplementation without any special obstacles at the national legal level from the EAEU member states. It is necessary to increase the extraterritorial potential for the use of the EAEU pharmacopoeia, in particular, as a tool for the admission of medicines to the EAEU pharmaceutical market and a mechanism for ensuring a high level of quality requirements for medicines in the world.

Research on Industrial Structure Transformation and Upgrading of Chinese Tourism Villages Based on Big Data Analysis

With the rapid modernization of China’s economic development, especially urbanization, China’s rural economy is clearly lagging behind the overall development level of the Chinese economy, with low industrial efficiency, irrational industrial structure, and unbalanced industrial development. The development of rural tourism brings new opportunities for industrial integration and industrial transformation and upgrading in rural China. This study draws on a case study of Zhonghaoyu village in Shandong province, China, to summarize the important experience of the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure of Chinese tourism villages by observing and analysing the changes in the industrial structure of Zhonghaoyu village before and during the development of rural tourism. Prior to the development of rural tourism, Zhonghaoyu Village was a mountainous village that relied almost entirely on farming. Through years of rural tourism development, the service industry in Zhonghoayu Village has grown, reflecting the driving effect of rural tourism, but the service industry is small and agriculture still dominates, and its role and position in the overall economic development of the village has not been highlighted. As the transformation of the shareholding system of rural tourism in Zhonghaoyu Village was completed, the original decentralized operation of farmers was replaced by corporate operation, and the service industry led by tourism was developed comprehensively and rapidly, and the development of rural tourism promoted the completion of the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure of Zhonghaoyu Village.

Development of medicine in Lwów (Lemberg, Lviv) : Part 2. Establishment of Ukrainian university urology after 1944

The beginnings of medicine and Polish urology in Lemberg (Lviv) were described in part 1 of the previous publication. The aim of this article is to show the further development of Ukrainian urology after World WarII. The authors also present the leading Ukrainian urologists of the postwar period. In 1976 Professor CesarK. Borzhyievsky became the head of the department of urology, which had been officially established as an independent unit. During the last 31years of the free Ukraine (from December 1991) there have been profound sociopolitical changes in Eastern Europe, which formed the basis for a rapid and revolutionary modernization of medicine and increased cooperation with western urologists. This is the path that Ukrainian urologists have followed. In the course of time it has driven developments in scientific research, education and public service to the point where the clinic can compete with the best international urology clinics. For the preparation of this study extensive research was carried out to collect literature and documents in Polish, German and Ukrainian archives and libraries. Personal contacts and reports from numerous Ukrainian urologists were helpful. Unfortunately, the current state of urology in Lemberg of today is limited by the war and the lack of personal contacts.

Supercritical fluid technology - an eco-friendly approach for resource recovery from e-waste and plastic waste: A review

Rapid technological development and modernization lead to increased production and consumption of electronic equipment as well as plastic commodities. This results in a large generation of electronic waste (e-waste) and plastic waste. The most severe problem associated with these wastes is their informal recycling and improper disposal, threatening the environment and human health. On the other hand, these wastes also provide an opportunity for the recovery of metals and the generation of valuable products. Supercritical fluid technology provides an attractive alternative for the sustainable management of e-waste and plastic waste, as well as resource recovery from these wastes. Therefore, the present review focuses on the applications and potential of supercritical fluid technology for resource recovery from these wastes. The review article presents a comprehensive discussion about the generation and composition of e-waste and plastic waste, the principle of supercritical fluid technology, and the application of various supercritical solvents such as CO2, water, and alcohol for resource recovery from e-waste and plastic waste. Finally, the economic aspect of supercritical fluid technology is also critically reviewed, and a comparative economic analysis with existing technologies is presented. Based on critical analysis, it is observed that supercritical fluid technology provides a viable route for the treatment of both e-waste and plastic waste. However, the pilot-scale studies are not reported, and there is a need to further explore the supercritical fluid technology to make a strong case for industrial application.

A Clinical study to evaluate the effect of Amritadi Kwatha and Guda-Haritaki in the management of Vatarakta w.s.r. to Hyperuricemia.

The present is an era of rapid modernization. Due to sedentary lifestyle and faulty dietary habits, humans are becoming more vulnerable to several metabolic disorders. Vatarakta is one of them which is caused by association of vitiated Vata Dosha and morbid Rakta Dhatu. In modern science, it resembles the symptomatology of gout which is caused by hyperuricemia. The epidemiology of hyperuricaemia is different from that of gout. Only 10% of the patients with hyperuricaemia exhibit gout. It is more common in upper social class and affects men more than women. It is a potential signal for several comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, renal diseases etc. The purpose of this study was to find out an effective and well accepted drug with minimal or no complications for this illness. 30 patients who were diagnosed with Vatarakta w.s.r. to Hyperuricemia were allocated randomly into two groups. The test drug i.e. Amritadi Kwatha 30 ml and Guda-Haritaki 10 g was given to 15 patients of Group I and the standard drug Febuxostat 40 mg was given to 15 patients of Group II for a duration of 6 weeks. Subjective parameters were assessed before and after the completion of trial. Data obtained during the trial was tabulated and statistically analysed.

A Care Needs Assessment of Elderlies in Empty Nest Families: The Case of Wenzhou, China

China’s rapid modernization has resulted to significant shifts in its social, cultural, and economic makeup. Specifically, its population is ageing that threatens their economic growth trajectories. Because the tradition of “raise children against ageing” still has influence in Chinese society, the country is facing the issue of covering elderly care costs while ensuring continued support for everyone. Given China’s economic growth, we explore on how the needs of the elderly in empty nest families be fulfilled, particularly in Wenzhou where elderly population in empty nest families has been increasing. While both government and families demonstrate the need to care for the elderly by providing both tangible and intangible needs, survey results revealed that most elderlies in empty nest families in Wenzhou are satisfied living at home in their old age as long as they can still attend to themselves and can still find ways to satisfy their needs despite their age. These needs include continuing education, health consultations and assistance, and outpatient treatment. Knowing the specific needs of the elderlies in empty nest families allows government and families to direct resources on their actual needs that matter most rather than on perceived needs.

BIO-WASTE MANAGEMENT LEGISLATION REGULATIONS AND POLICIES: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN

The twenty-first century's rapid urbanization, industrialization, modernization, and digitalization cause an increase in wastes including household, commercial, mining, radioactive, agriculture, healthcare, and electronic wastes, among others. The management of these wastes is evolving into a global problem. Waste management is the collection, transportation, separation, destruction, processing, recycling, management, supervision, and control of rubbish, sewage, and other waste products. The protection of people's health from negative effects and the preservation of the environment from negative effects are the main objectives of waste management. Around the world, a variety of modern techniques are being applied to manage these wastes. They include waste to energy, composting, bioremediation, incineration, immobilization, plasma combustion, ocean/sea disposal, and recycling of biological materials. The effectiveness of these waste management techniques increases the environment's appropriateness for supporting life. Additionally, it makes it possible for future generations to live in a secure and safe environment. Finding and putting into practice the best waste management plan is urgently needed for both global population health and environmental sustainability. The process for managing waste will improve greatly in both effectiveness and success. In various parts of the world, a variety of waste management techniques have been employed. The qualitative research methodology has been applied to the following article.

Characteristics of Pyrolysis and Copyrolysis Products Sewage Sludge in Different Temperature Ranges

Rapid modernization, population growth, and improvement in people’s quality of life have resulted in an increase in urban sewage sludge as the main solid waste. At present, pyrolysis is the main treatment method for sludge due to carbon-free effects and less air pollution compared with incineration. To enhance the energy utilization value of sludge, copyrolysis of sludge and biomass with varying effects has been reported. Herein, biomass and sludge were pyrolyzed and copyrolyzed using self-designed fixed-bed pyrolysis and condensation collection system. The pre-fixed-bed process parameters were optimized by orthogonal test, and it was found that the carrier gas flow rate (a) > bed thickness (b) > constant temperature time (c). The optimum process combinations were 250 mL/min carrier gas, 10 mm bed thickness, and 10 min constant temperature. Experiments show that the ultimate pyrolysis temperature affects the oil production of fixed-bed pyrolysis by up to 15%. Copyrolyzing Sargassum thunbergii and sludge boost oil output at first and then drops; the maximum value is at 20% sludge. When pine sawdust and sludge were copyrolyzed, oil output climbed marginally and subsequently fell fast; the highest value was at 20% sludge. Peanut shell and sludge copyrolysis yield the most oil at 40% sludge content, and the experimental value is smaller than the linear value at 80% sludge content.

The invention and promotion of cha-rye in Korea

Cha-rye (tea etiquette), now considered representative of Korean tea culture, is a new tradition developed during the Park Chung-hee government (1961–1979) and subsequently promoted nationally and internationally. With Korea's rapid industrialization and modernization in the 1960s and 1970s, traditional culture began to disintegrate, which caused various social problems and resulted in ethical and moral confusion among the people. A tea culture revival was proposed by some tea masters as a solution for the chaos in society, and cha-rye was designated a “tradition” to be restored. Anti-Japanese nationalist ideology proved a good facilitator for the transformation of Korean traditional culture, but controversies based in practical limitations arose among tea masters in the process of establishing a Korean-style tea spirit and practice. The re-invention of cha-rye demonstrates how a tradition has been created through the complex and multi-layered dynamics of Korea's rapidly changing political and social environment in combination with nationalist ideology.