Rapid Development Process Research Articles

Segmentation Method for Modeling Heterogeneous Components to Suppress Broadband Simultaneous Switching Noise on a Multilayer Structure

Due to the rapid development of semiconductor manufacturing processes and 5G mobile system design, the need for high-speed digital electronic circuit miniaturization, high operating frequency, and high-speed transmission of data continues to increase. Electronic components are becoming smaller with faster operating speed. Fabricating a complete electronic circuit system with components from different manufacturers is likely to lead to unpredictable electromagnetic interference, signal integrity, power integrity, and other issues. Therefore, electromagnetic compatibility has become a key topic in the design of electronic circuits. We present a modeling approach that can be used to build the stopband and passband in a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Z$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -shape and the electromagnetic band gap (EBG) individually. In the model, the printed circuit board (PCB) is divided into five segments of different sizes, each of which has separate rectangular power and ground planes. Through the mushroom-type EBG, these structures are connected as part of a vertical blind hole; that is, the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Z$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -shaped power bus comprises a rectangular resonant cavity and transmission line. The proposed modeling method is proven to have accurate simulation, and it can be applied to complicated broadband structure for integrating the whole derivation process into computer programs. The proposed titanic broadband suppression structure can better suppress simultaneous switching noise (SSN) coupling ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le -30$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB) within the range of 5 MHz–40 GHz.

SARS-COV-2 ՎԱՐԱԿ. ԱՌՈՂՋԱՊԱՀԱԿԱՆ ՆՈՐ ՄԱՐՏԱՀՐԱՎԵՐ (ԱԿՆԱՐԿ)

The article presents summary data on the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs and diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 has already gone down in history as an international emergency. Due to the mutation of the virus, many variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged during the pandemic, some of which are highly contagious, more severe, with higher hospitalization or mortality rates, reduced vaccine efficiencies, and have therefore been classified by the WHO as “variants of concern”. The rapid replication of the virus leads to an increase in its cytopathic effect on cells, causing pyroptosis, which, in turn, causes the development of a cytokine “storm” due to the rapid development of the immunoinflammatory process. It has been established that severe forms of COVID-19 are associated with multiple organ failure as a result of the development of a cytokine “storm”, the diagnostic markers of which are IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, increased levels of ferritin, etc. COVID-19 is not only a health problem, but also a socio-economic issue, as it presupposes the international scientific potential for the continuous development of the latest methods of treatment and prevention of the disease.

GFP-tagging of extracellular vesicles for rapid process development.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as nano-scale molecular messengers owing to their capacity to shuttle functional macromolecular cargo between cells. This intrinsic ability to deliver bioactive cargo has sparked great interest in the use of EVs as novel therapeutic delivery vehicles; investments totaling over $2 billion in 2020 alone were reported for therapeutic EVs. One of the bottlenecks facing the production of EVs is the lack of rapid and high throughput analytics to aid process development. Here CHO cellshave beendesigned and engineered to express GFP-tagged EVs via fusion to CD81. Moreover, this study highlightstheimportance of parent cell characterization to ensure lack of non-fused GFP for the effective use of this quantitative approach. The fluorescent nature of resulting vesicles allowed for rapid quantification of concentration and yield across the EV purification process. In this manner, the degree of product loss was deduced by mass balance analysis of ultrafiltration processing, reconciled up to 97% of initial feed mass. The use of GFP-tagging allowed for straightforward monitoring of vesicle elution from chromatography separations and detection via western blotting. Collectively, this work illustrates the utility of GFP-tagged EVs as a quantitative and accessible tool for accelerated process development.

PAST LAND-USE ACTIVITIES IN RELATION TO THE LONG-TERM SUSPENDED SEDIMENT YIELD OF KINTA RIVER, PERAK, MALAYSIA

Soil erosion and the suspended sediment yield (SSY) of Kinta river catchment were investigated using river and sediment discharge data of Kinta River and its tributaries available from 1961-2006. A long-term annual SSY for the Kinta River basin recorded an average of 2417.6 t/km2/year, with a maximum SSY of 8,757.3 t/km2/year in 1973 and a minimum SSY of 720.4 t/km2/year in 2005. The Mann-Kendall test was conducted to analyse the long-term SSY trends, which revealed an overall decreasing trend of SSY for the Kinta River basin. This 46-year period was divided into four phases of different SSY trend. The second phase from 1970–1985 recorded the highest average of 4,062 t/km2/year, as a result of the rapid development process that occurred in the drainage basin. The declining trends in SSY were observed after many mining operations ceased after 1960 and dam construction start in 2003. Some increasing trends in the early 1970s to 80s were due largely to the initial implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP) and Green Book Plan. It involved a large-scale conversion of forest areas into agricultural lands with the expansion of urban areas and improvement of infrastructures.

Covid-19 vaccines pharmacovigilance-a rapid review

The rapid process of research and development and lack of follow-up time post-vaccination aroused greater public concern about the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Pharmacovigilance is critical for gathering, recognising, and monitoring adverse events, which is the primary goal. The reported adverse events should be evaluated to determine the causal relationship and avoid unnecessary consequences on the recipient. Many people are getting vaccines in a short period of time, putting a strain on pharmacovigilance facilities. The International Society of Pharmacovigilance (ISOP), the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), and many others worked together and took many initiatives to determine the safety and efficacy of vaccines, as well as to provide answers to the questions that were raised. Signals were discovered and several adverse occurrences were identified thanks to pharmacovigilance. BioNTech/Pfizer-m-RNA, Moderna-mRNA vaccine, Covishield, Johnson and Johnson, Vaxzervria, Sputnik V, and Convidicea pharmacovigilance is discussed. There were 12,249 ADRs reported with BioNTech/Pfizer-mRNA, 577 ADRs with Moderna-mRNA vaccine, 447 ADRs with Covishield, 653 ADRs with Johnson and Johnson, and 743 ADRs with Vaxzervria. As a result of these immunizations, Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, cerebrovascular events, thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, facial paralysis, fatalities, and a variety of other potentially lethal reactions have all been linked to these immunizations. However, the recorded incidents were minor in comparison to the patients' safety. The Uppsala monitoring centre kept track of all of these events. Uppsala monitoring centre, an initiative of WHO to detect various ADR relating to medications and preventing serious causalities associating with it have a greater role in minimizing the serious cases occurs with medicine dysfunction.

Trends of the latest phase of science and scientific research development in Ukraine

Methods. The results are obtained through the use of methods of analysis – when studying basic theoretical, methodological approaches to the emergence of science and understanding of it as a concept; abstraction – in determining the essential features of scientific research; generalization – in determining the European trends in the development of e-science and the latest achievements of Ukraine in this direction. Results. It is proved that the rapid development of scientific processes, modernization of science as a concept in general, the ability to predict and analyse events lay the groundwork for further development of organizational processes of scientific research. It is pointed out that in the process of evolutionary transformations, the views on the origin of science and approaches to understanding this concept have changed. It is emphasized that the development of science is in direct relationship to the development of scientific research, whereas socio-economic, political, and cultural development is impossible without their active implementation. It is substantiated that in the course of historical development, there takes place the transformation of a traditional society into an information society, in which the information infrastructure is formed. Under the influence of a rapid increase in the amount of information, its socio-economic significance, drastic changes are taking place, in particular in scientific and scientific-practical activities. Science acquires new significance and is considered in its dynamics, movement, and development. The latest phase of science development has been supplemented and characterized. It is noted that the issues of e-science and Ukrainian e-infrastructures remain relevant and unresolved, as the overall problem is the lack of a unified state policy in Ukraine regarding e-science and Ukrainian e-infrastructures. The necessity of specifying the newest phase of science development is stressed, as well as systematization and structuring of the basic European trends and achievements of Ukraine in developing e-science and e-infrastructures. Novelty. The basic approaches and views on the emergence of science, which are reflected in modern scientific publications, have been improved. A structural management system of EOSC is offered taking into account achievements of domestic scientists and researchers. Practical value. The authors systematize the European trends in the development of e-science and the latest achievements of Ukraine in this direction. E-infrastructures in Ukraine are visualized according to the Concept of development of Ukrainian research infrastructures.

An evaluation approach to spatial identity in historic urban areas from a humanistic perspective

Urban spatial identity, as the core content of a distinctive urban image and the representation of urban competitiveness and attraction, is critical to cities in the rapid development process. In view of maintaining and strengthening the spatial identity in a historic urban area, which is the key issue of urban construction in China at present, based on the literature review of Chinese urban spatial identity studies, three research paradigms are summarized: landscape, culture, and economy. Although the traditional evaluation method of spatial identity in historic urban areas has focused on the scarcity of characteristic resources, the relationship between characteristic resources and human beings has been ignored. Therefore, based on the declaration of the fundamental mechanism of urban spatial identity in historic urban areas, a new evaluation method was proposed considering four aspects, including object, subject, content, and indicators. The results indicated that the framework of evaluation and design, which is based on the assessment of the relationship between characteristic resources and human beings, is an effective strategy to improve the scientific evaluation of urban spatial identity. Our study has substantial implications for urban planners and managers in solving the urban identity crisis issue in historic urban areas.

Network Design Algorithm Implementation for Resilient Transportation System under Continuous Risk Perturbation with Big Data Analysis

With the rapid economic development and urbanization process accelerating, motor vehicle ownership in large cities is increasing year by year; urban traffic congestion, parking difficulties, and other problems are becoming increasingly serious; in ordinary daily life, continuous risk of disturbance, having a flexible transportation system network is more able to alleviate daily congestion in the city, and the main thing about flexible transportation network is its algorithm. It is worth noting that congestion in many cities is generally reflected in the main roads, while many secondary roads and branch roads are underutilized, and the limited road resources in cities are not fully utilized. As an economic and effective road traffic management measure, one-way traffic can balance the spatial and temporal distribution of traffic pressure within the road network, make full use of the existing urban road network capacity, and solve the traffic congestion problem. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to develop a reasonable and scientific one-way traffic scheme according to the characteristics of traffic operation in different regions. Based on the fixed demand model, the influence of traffic demand changes is further considered, the lower-level model is designed as an elastic demand traffic distribution model, the excess demand method is used to transform the elastic demand problem into an equivalent fixed demand problem based on the extended network, and the artificial bee colony algorithm based on risk perturbation is designed to solve the two-level planning model. The case study gives a one-way traffic organization optimization scheme that integrates three factors, namely, the average load degree overload limit of arterial roads, the detour coefficient, and the number of on-street parking spaces on feeder roads, and performs sensitivity analysis on the demand scaling factor.

Anticipating hopes, fears and expectations towards COVID-19 vaccines: A qualitative interview study in seven European countries

Vaccine uptake is essential to managing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccine hesitancy is a persistent concern. At the same time, both decision-makers and the general population have high hopes for COVID-19 vaccination. Drawing from qualitative interview data collected in October 2020 as part of the pan-European SolPan study, this study explores early and anticipatory expectations, hopes and fears regarding COVID-19 vaccination across seven European countries. We find that stances towards COVID-19 vaccines were shaped by personal lived experiences, but participants also aligned personal and communal interests in their considerations. Trust, particularly in expert institutions, was an important prerequisite for vaccine acceptance, but participants also expressed doubts about the rapid vaccine development process. Our findings emphasise the need to move beyond the study of factors driving vaccine hesitancy, and instead to focus on how people personally perceive vaccination in their particular social and political context.

Peran Guru Dalam Menerapkan Kebersihan Diri Pada Anak di TK Negeri Pembina Keliling Danau

Cleanliness is a very important thing to pay attention to, especially personal hygiene in early childhood. Because at an early age children experience a process of rapid growth and development, cleanliness is the main thing that must be considered because children are very susceptible to disease. This requires teachers to be able to apply personal hygiene to children. This study aims to describe the teacher's role in implementing personal hygiene in children. The Pembina Keliling Danau State Kindergarten became the research subject, namely one principal and seven teachers. The use of qualitative analysis in this study with observation, interviews and documentation techniques as data collection. The result of the research is that the teacher motivates children in terms of maintaining cleanliness, providing guidance and praise to children. As well as the use of varied and interesting media also involve children in the activities carried out.

Peran Guru Dalam Menerapkan Kebersihan Diri Pada Anak di TK Negeri Pembina Keliling Danau

Cleanliness is a very important thing to pay attention to, especially personal hygiene in early childhood. Because at an early age children experience a process of rapid growth and development, cleanliness is the main thing that must be considered because children are very susceptible to disease. This requires teachers to be able to apply personal hygiene to children. This study aims to describe the teacher's role in implementing personal hygiene in children. The Pembina Keliling Danau State Kindergarten became the research subject, namely one principal and seven teachers. The use of qualitative analysis in this study with observation, interviews and documentation techniques as data collection. The result of the research is that the teacher motivates children in terms of maintaining cleanliness, providing guidance and praise to children. As well as the use of varied and interesting media also involve children in the activities carried out.

Туберкулез и ВИЧ-инфекция: пространственное распределение на территории Алтайского края

The aim of the study is to analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of tuberculosis, HIV infection and combined pathology in the Altai Territory. Materials and methods. The statistical data provided by the Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Altai Territory, the Ministry of Health of the Altai Territory, Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases, Altai Tuberculosis Dispensary on the incidence of tuberculosis and HIV infection were used. The ranking was carried out by the method of sigma deviations for all administrative territories of the Altai Territory for 2019, and the cartogram was plotted. Statistical processing and graphical representation of the data obtained was carried out using the programs Statistica 13.0, Microsoft Excel 2014, and ArcGIS. The preparation of the text of the work was carried out using the Microsoft Word 2014 program. Results. A territorial analysis of TB prevalence, HIV infection and the incidence of combined pathology indicated the spread of the zone characterized by an average incidence rate. The zones of high TB prevalence are defined as 5 territories (from 270.5 to 479.4.0 per 100 thousand population). Also, Barnaul, Biysk, Belokurikhinskaya and Rubtsovskaya were defined as zones of high prevalence of HIV infection (from 843.2 to 1158.3 per 100 thousand population). The territorial distribution of the incidence of combined pathology (Tuberculosis + HIV) mirrors the zoning of HIV prevalence in 4 main zones, and the fifth zone (Slavgorod) is set. Conclusion. The zones of high prevalence of HIV infection and tuberculosis were determined by the negative socio-economic conditions of the region's development. The involvement of young people in drug addiction at a low socio-economic level of the region ensured the rapid development of the epidemic process of this infection. Modern conditions characterized by the development of resort business and tourism have determined the formation of new zones with a high incidence rate.

ANALYSIS OF SOME CYBER THREATS IN WAR

This article examines the most famous and high-profile cyber threats that were carried out against the state during the Russian invasion. We also analyzed the laws that were adopted during the hostilities on the territory of our state. They have significantly affected the protection against further threats to the entire system.The issue of Russia's destructive and destructive cyberattacks before the invasion of our country proves that cyberattacks play an important and strategic role in today's world and war, regardless of whether the public is aware of it. This threat is constant for us and it does not stand still and develops. Cyberattacks pose significant problems to our system and infrastructure with paradoxical consequences.Ukraine's security dependssignificantly on cybersecurity. This should not only focus attention, but even make every effort. Technological progress will grow, and behind it the dependence in cyberspace. It should be noted that the legislative regulation of relations also has its needs for constant updating and support of the rapid development of technological processes

Experimental verification of the feasibility of the CFD approach in an air-knife

Air knives with very different nominal values are used for various purposes in the industry. The uses of air knives include the painting and coating stages of automobile semi-finished products, as well as many stages related to food production. One of the important sectors among these is the continuous hot-dip galvanizing process, which is a coating technique in the steel industry. In addition, the chemical coating process on paper as a very thin layer is another research topic. The most critical process needed in these sectors is to ensure a homogeneous air-flow at the expected air speed of the air-knife. These determine whether the coating on the steel or the chemical layer on the paper is homogeneous at the desired thickness. In this study, it is aimed that the air-knife can reach the expected values (speed and homogeneous distribution) with the expected tolerances, the shortest time, cost, and the least production process error. First, a design has been made so that this knife can blow air at the desired speed and homogeneously. For this, the most appropriate modeling and design values were created and analyzed with the CFD. The analysis and evaluations of the design were confirmed as a result of the measurements made on the prototype. This study shows that the inclusion of this type of modeling and analysis in the rapid product development process has an important role in minimizing cost and time.

Mechanism Characterization and Nondestructive Inspection Method of Thermal Degradation Faults in EPDM Cable Termination

There is a significant positive proportional correlation between the condition of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) insulation and partial discharge(PD) characteristics in electric multiple units (EMU) cable termination. Especially for the cable terminations with long service life, the aging effect of EPDM insulation material is significant due to long-term high-current load. In this paper, electrical deterioration and PD development of EPDM insulation under long-term thermal degradation is conducted. During the test process, the phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) analysis, partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV), physicochemical properties, and flashover voltage of EPDM samples with different thermal degradation are measured. The relationship between the thermal degradation extent of EPDM insulation and PD characteristics is also proposed. The results show that electrical deterioration of the aged sample can be divided into four gradations by PD amplitude and pulse repetition rate. In the four gradations, the shape of the PRPD spectrum in every gradation changes significantly with different thermal degradations. Surface morphologies of EPDM insulation show different features such as gully areas and white particles. The results of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) test indicate that the increase of oxygen-containing groups and free radicals are the key reasons for the rapid PD development process of cable insulation under different electrical gradations and thermal-oxygen degradations.

PEDAGOGY OF SPIRITUALITY IN THE MIND OF SPECIAL LIGHTING ACTIVITY CRISIS OF THE PRISM OF PHILOSOPHY OF LEARNING

We outlined as the subject of our scientific exploration the processes of formation of sociocultural phenomena of human civilization and culture, society based on knowledge, newly formed pedagogy of spirituality through the prism of the philosophy of education, in the context of inclusion, at the stage of formation of a new ethical and moral reality. Rethinking the rapid development processes of industrial and post-industrial, informational, network, communicative, inclusive, authoritarian and liberal society. We have set ourselves the goal of studying the phenomenon of pedagogy of spirituality, taking into account special pedagogical activity, by which we understand the processes of involving the entire community, including people with special educational needs, to the social and political life and activities of local communities. Those actors of social action who have problems with physical or psychosomatic development should be put in the first place. This leads to reflection and the use of methods and methodologies that will help every individual, child, student with special educational needs to fully participate in the life of society. We believe that various historical eras create distinct socio-economic trends for the future member of society, who needs to be prepared for the most diverse life situations through forms of education, science and culture, in the education and upbringing system. In this case, it is appropriate to form tasks in accordance with the purpose, content and form, methods and methodology of functioning of these means in the whole mechanism of adaptability of the person. Investigating the historical and political variability of the discourse of pedagogical theory and practice, it is emphasized that with the change of socio-economic formations in the historical progress of civilization, they will increasingly approach the person (anthropocentrism, student-centrism) in all the fullness of mental, physical, spiritual development and improvement. In the process of scientific work, we used general methods: inductive, deductive, dialectical, empirical, pragmatic, rationalistic, sensualistic, and we also used developments in the field of structural-linguistic intelligence, synergetics, comparativistics, and artificial intelligence. The formation of moral and ethical categories, the influence of mythologists, traditional science (social philosophy, philosophy of education), religious systems in the technical development of postindustrial society is analyzed. Scientific and theoretical developments expand the possibilities of the philosophy of education about the content and categories of inclusive pedagogy for persons with special educational needs on the basis of the spirituality of the functioning of society. The philosophical-pedagogical concept of inclusive pedagogy considered by us can be used for understanding and predicting the urgent problems of Ukrainian socio-cultural life, solving the real political problems of our Motherland in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation at the regional and global levels, overcoming religious, political, and confessional differences. It will be able to help the formation of a balanced personality for people with special needs, with post-traumatic syndromes and will promote socialization and self-realization in the post-war and aggressive world. The results of the research can be used as methodological help in political science, sociology, social philosophy, philosophy of education. They have the potential to correlate educational courses of socio-political disciplines with the aim of achieving understanding and conventionalism, overcoming ideological and socio-cultural stereotypes. Thoughtful theoretical investigations can be used in the process of forming theoretical and practical special courses, in the development of educational programs in philosophy, social philosophy, philosophy of education, ethics, individual and social psychology.

Experience in Supporting Industry Development in Japan and Lessons for Viet Nam

Japan is the world's 3rd largest economy with a nominal GDP of USD 5380 billion. Japan's economy has a rapid industrial development process after its defeat in World War II. Vietnam's economy in 2020 will achieve GDP growth of 2.9%, nominal GDP of 300 billion dollars, per capita income reached $2786, if calculated according to purchasing power parity (PPP), the average income of Vietnamese people is about $ 8,500. In 2020, Vietnam has a trade surplus of 19.1 billion USD (an important contribution to this result is the total two-way turnover of 39.6 billion USD, a trade deficit of 1.1 billion USD from Japan. No small contribution to the economic success of Vietnam as a strategic partner of Japan - the third largest economy in the world. Japan is the first country in the G7 group to recognize Vietnam as a market economy and partner, the largest ODA sponsor for Vietnam, the number 1 investor in Vietnam and the 3rd largest trading partner of Vietnam. This paper also refers the lessons learned for Vietnam.

Quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories in more than one space dimension-requirements, challenges and methods.

Over recent years, the relatively young field of quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories, aiming at implementing simulators of gauge theories with quantum platforms, has gone through a rapid development process. Nowadays, it is not only of interest to the quantum information and technology communities. It is also seen as a valid tool for tackling hard, non-perturbative gauge theory problems by particle and nuclear physicists. Along the theoretical progress, nowadays more and more experiments implementing such simulators are being reported, manifesting beautiful results, but mostly on dimensional physics. In this article, we review the essential ingredients and requirements of lattice gauge theories in more dimensions and discuss their meanings, the challenges they pose and how they could be dealt with, potentially aiming at the next steps of this field towards simulating challenging physical problems in analogue, or analogue-digital ways.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Quantum technologies in particle physics’.

The Relationship between Mothers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior to Meet Toddlers’ Nutritional Needs Status at the Work Area of UPT Puskesmas Ajangale 2021

Nutrition is one of the determinants of the human resources’ quality. Food served daily have to fit nutrients as needed, so it may support optimal growth and can prevent deficiency diseases, prevent poisoning, and also help prevent diseases that can interfere to children's growth. The attitude of mother in providing nutritional supplementary for children is something that can determine how to behave in providing food supplementary and family nutrition, especially for toddlers. Toddler period is characterized by a very rapid growth and development process and is accompanied by changes that require more nutrients in high quality. Food consumption has an important role in the physical growth and intelligence of children so that food consumption has a major effect on the nutritional status of children to achieve the physical growth and intelligence of children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among knowledge, attitudes and behavior of mothers to the nutritional status of children under five/toddlers at (Unit of Technical Implementation) UPT Public Health Centre (Puskesmas) Ajangale. This type of research is descriptive correlational research. The number of samples was 40 mothers who had toddlers. The research analysis used bivariate test. Based on the results of the study showed that there was a relationship between mothers’ knowledge in nutrition and the nutritional status of toddlers with the chi square test results obtained p-value = 0.001 p &lt;0.05. And there is a relationship between mother's attitude and nutritional status of toddlers with the chi square test results obtained p-value = 0.001 p &lt;0.05. And there is a relationship between mothers’ behavior and the nutritional status of children under five/toddlers with the chi square test results obtained p-value = 0.001 p &lt;0.05. It is recommended to health workers, especially midwives, to provide counseling to improve understanding related to the importance to meet nutrition in toddlers needs, starting from exclusive breastfeeding until the age of two and serving weaning food (MP-ASI) appropriately and adequately as an effort to prevent and handle stunting cases in Bone Regency. Keywords: [Toddler Nutrition Status, Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior].

AN IMPROVEMENT OF INTEGRATED GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM IN MANAGING SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT

In Malaysia, the Geographical Information System (GIS) is widely used by various organizations in both government and private sectors because of its various capabilities. The rapid development process in the large city in Peninsular Malaysia and new area has caused an increasing number of the sewerage treatment plant (STP) maintained by Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd (IWK) every year. Nowadays, with the big services areas and limited staffs the IWK had faced many issues related to the sewerage such as a public complaint on blockage, overflow and others. Thus, based on the powerful function of this GIS, the IWK also has used the GIS application known as Integrated Geographical Information System (IGIS) in their daily routine works. However, due to the weaknesses of this existing system, it cannot be optimally utilized in managing and maintaining the sewerage system more efficient. The main objective of this research focuses on analyzing user requirements to improve IGIS based on the current issues faced by them. The method used in this study is qualitative method using a face-to-face interview with IGIS users in getting any feedback from them on the existing data with an examining what is the main attribute data required. Then a content analysis was used to analyze it by updating all the data required and removing unnecessary data from the IGIS. As a result, the newly updated attribute data into IGIS will help the users to conduct proper planning in controlling the increasing number of STP every year and to manage the sewerage system more efficiently.