Wavelength Range Of Visible Light Research Articles

A multiscale dilated attention network for hyperspectral image classification

Hyperspectral imaging is an image obtained by combining spectral detection technology and imaging technology, which can collect electromagnetic spectra in the wavelength range of visible light to near-infrared. It is an important research content in the field of ground observation in hyperspectral remote sensing. However, hyperspectral image face significant challenges in classification task due to their high spectral dimensions, lack of labeled samples, and strong correlation between bands. In order to fully extract features from both spectral and spatial dimensions and improve classification accuracy in the case of limited training samples, a multiscale dilated attention network is proposed for hyperspectral image classification. First, a three-dimensional convolutional layer is used to extract the shallow features of the image. Then, a multiscale dilated attention module is proposed by combining dilated convolution and channel attention. Using ordinary convolution and dilated convolution to form different receptive fields. Channel attention is used to remodel the obtained multiscale features, enhancing the inter-channel correlation. After that, a multiscale spatial-spectral attention module is constructed using multiple asymmetric convolutions to obtain spatial and spectral attention features at different positions, further enhancing important feature suppression over non-important features. Finally, using softmax to classify the obtained features. Using Indian Pines, Pavia University, KSC and University of Houston as experimental datasets, the overall classification accuracy of this paper’s method achieved 98.97%, 99.14%, 99.45%, and 98.56% respectively, using only 5%, 1%, 10%, and 10% of training samples per class. Compared with seven advanced classification methods, the experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the highest classification accuracy with limited training samples.

Investigate the Electrical and Structural Characteristics of the Si-ZnO Diode

Silicon-zinc oxide (Si-ZnO) junction has been prepared using the chemical bath technique. The zinc oxide layer was examined using different techniques, including X-ray spectroscopy and a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The ZnO film images show that the films are homogeneous with an average grain size of 70 nm, while the X-ray spectrum shows that the layers are amorphous with some crystalline phase peaks appearing between 2θ=20° and 35°, which belong to ZnO. Transmittance, absorbance and extinction coefficient were varied over the visible light wavelength range, and the energy gap of the films was about 2.6 eV. In both forward and reverse bias, the junction revealed diode characteristics. The influence of light on the current intensity was evident and reached about 240 mA compared to the current intensity in the dark state. Also, the current intensity of the diode increased at each applied voltage with the increase in the intensity of the light shining on it.

Photoselectively modulating main products by changing the wavelength of visible light over D-π-A-D conjugated polymers

The diversity of catalytic products determines the difficulty of selective product modulation, which usually relies on adjusting the catalyst and reaction conditions to obtain different main products selectively. Herein, we synthesized D-π-A-D conjugated organic polymers (TH-COP) using cyclotriphosphonitrile, alkyne, 2H-benzimidazole, and sulfur units as electron donors, π bridges, electron acceptors, and electron donors, respectively. TH-COP exhibited excellent photoinduced carrier separation and redox ability under different visible light wavelengths, and the main products of its CO2 reduction are CH4 (1000.0 μmol g−1) and CO (837.0 μmol g−1) under 400–420 nm and 420–560 nm, respectively. In addition, TH-COP could completely convert phenylmethyl sulfide to methyl phenyl sulfone at 400–420 nm and diphenyl disulfide at 480–485 nm in yields up to 95 %. This study presents a novel strategy for the targeted fabrication of various main products using conjugated polymers by simply changing the wavelength range of visible light.

Two-stage hydrothermal process driven visible light sensitive photocatalytic m-ZnWO4/m-WO3 heterojunction composite materials

The current study reports on the facile two-step hydrothermal synthesis of heterojunction m-ZnWO4/m-WO3 composite powders for visible light sensitive photocatalytic applications. The ZnWO4 particles start crystallizing on the surface of the WO3 powder in the second stage of the reaction in a basic medium. The phases of the composite powders were confirmed using x-ray diffraction analysis. The monoclinic cubic shaped WO3 and rod shaped ZnWO4 morphologies were disclosed from the field emission scanning electron microscope images. Strong interfacial adhesion between ZnWO4 and WO3 was unveiled from the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study. The optimized composite 5ZW exhibits a calculated bandgap of 2.58 eV, positioning it within the visible light wavelength range (λ = 400–700 nm). Furthermore, there is a notable enhancement in the average lifetime of the electron–hole pair recombination rate, which is extended to 30.3 ns. The composite 5ZW demonstrated 96% methylene blue dye degradation efficiency within 420 min under visible light irradiation at pH 12. Due to the optimal phase fraction and strong interfacial adhesion between ZnWO4 and WO3, the heterojunction scheme seemed to be highly efficient in the 5ZW composite. Hence, it is believed that a two-step hydrothermal method can be a proficient route to prepare heterojunction composites m-ZnWO4/m-WO3 in alkali conditions with visible light active photodegradation efficiency.

High-performance orthorhombic correlated transparent conducting epilayer integrated on a flexible mica substrate: The case of CaMoO3

Recently, cubic perovskite SrTMO3 (TM = V, Nb, and Mo) compounds have attracted great interest as correlated transparent conducting oxides (CTCOs). However, in theory, none of these three oxides is capable of completely covering the entire visible (Vis) light wavelength range with transparency. Herein, epitaxial orthorhombic CaMoO3 thin films were grown on flexible mica substrates using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. By exploiting the tilting of MoO6 octahedra, an optimal balance between plasma energy (ћωp) and electrical conductivity (σ) was realized in CaMoO3. Electronic transport characterizations indicated that the σ value of CaMoO3 is comparable to that of SrTMO3. The optical transmittance spectra demonstrated that the CaMoO3 film possesses superior Vis transparency compared to SrTMO3. From the ellipsometry analysis, it was found that the O 2p – V 3d interband transition occurs at around 4.16 eV while the screened plasma energy (ћωp) is approximately 1.37 eV. The favorable absorption edges for both the long and short wavelength regions ensure the high transparency of CaMoO3 across the entire Vis spectrum. Additionally, bending cyclic tests illustrated the excellent mechanical durability and endurance of the CaMoO3/mica films. The present work is instructive for exploring alternative CTCOs beyond SrTMO3, demonstrating that the optimal balance between ћωp and σ can be realized by manipulating the TMO6 octahedral tilting to improve the transparent conducting performance of correlated perovskite-type oxides.

Electron beam-induced white emission from iridium complexes-doped polymer dots

Radiation detection plays an important role in diverse applications, including medical imaging, security, and display technologies. Scintillators, materials that emit light upon exposure to radiation, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional sensitivity. Previous research explored polymer dots (P-dots) doped with iridium complexes as nano-sized scintillators for radiation detection, but these were constrained to emitting specific colors like red, green, and blue, limiting their utility. Recently, there has been a breakthrough in the development of white light emitters stimulated by UV–visible light. These emitters exhibit a broad spectral range in the visible wavelength, enhancing contrast and simplifying detection by visible-light sensors. Consequently, the quest for white color scintillators in radiation detection has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing scintillation efficiency. In this study, we present a novel approach by applying P-dots doped with two iridium complexes to create white light-emitting nano-sized scintillators. These scintillators offer a wider spectral coverage within the visible-light wavelength range. Under UV light (365 nm) excitation, our synthesized P-dots exhibited remarkable white light emission. Moreover, when excited by electron beam irradiation, we observed the clear emission close to white emission which is valuable for improving the detection of radiation.

The lead-free perovskite-based heterojunction C2N/CsGeI3: an exploration for superior visible-light absorption.

Halide perovskites have distinguished themselves among the numerous optoelectronic materials due to their versatile processing technology and exceptional optical response. Unfortunately, their stability and toxicity from heavy metals severely hamper their development, in addition to the challenge of further improving photovoltaic performance. Hence, a lead-free perovskite-based heterojunction, C2N/CsGeI3, is investigated using a hybrid density functional, including electron structures, charge density differences, optical properties and more. The study reveals the presence of a built-in electric field directed from the CsGeI3 to the C2N layer. Moreover, based on the work function, it is confirmed that the electrons are transferred in a Z-scheme mechanism after the CsGeI3 contacts with the C2N layer. Under light irradiation, the construction of the C2N/CsGeI3 heterojunction significantly enhances optical absorption within the range of visible-light wavelengths. Additionally, the impact of interfacial strain on the C2N/CsGeI3 is explored and discussed. These findings not only suggest that the C2N/CsGeI3 heterojunction holds promise for photovoltaic applications but also provide a theoretical insight into lead-free perovskite-based functional materials.

The Next Frontier of Solar Energy: Transparent Photovoltaics

The development of "Transparent Photovoltaics" (TPVs[1]), i.e., solar cells that are transparent to visible light, has become more and more popular in recent years due to their contribution to low CO2 emissions through "window power generation" in fully glazed buildings (building-integrated photovoltaics: BIPV) and the growing demand for development in the promotion of farm-based solar power; Agrivoltaics [2, 3]. So far, selective light-transmission photovoltaics (SLTPVs), in which conventional bulk and thin-film solar cells are fabricated into long and thin strips and arranged like a window shade at intervals or by reducing the film thickness, have already been put into practical use [3, 4], allowing part of the incident light to escape to the rear. However, the installation applications of SLTPVs are limited since blocking the line of sight outside the window and preventing a sufficient amount of light from reaching the interior or farmland surface. If TPVs that are uniformly transparent or tinted-transparent like window glasses can be commercialized, the range of applications is expected to expand significantly.TPVs are perceived by humans as being "nearly colorless" if they have a visible light transmittance of 80% or more, including the substrate material. Depending on the application, it is possible to produce red, and dark colors by adjusting the material characteristics so that only the short wavelength side of the visible light wavelength range, the long wavelength side, or the entire wavelength range is uniformly absorbed [2, 3]. These visible light-transmissive solar cells with visible light transmittance of 80% or less are referred to as semitransparent photovoltaics (STPVs).It is crucial to consider the theoretical limiting efficiency (TLE) for the practical application of TPVs. Recent reports have simulated TLs for single-junction and multi-junction cells with optical absorption in the UV and NIR regions, yet not in the visible region [5]. The results demonstrate that practical conversion efficiencies of 11% and 21% can be obtained for single-junction and 16-junction cells respectively, with 80% visible transmission. The optimal band gap for cells with 100% Vis-EQE (an external quantum efficiency in the visible light range of 435 to 670 nm) is around 1.5 eV, while for cells with 0% Vis-EQE and full transmission in the visible region, the optimal Eg shifts to the lower energy side of 1.1 to 1.2 eV. To use only the UV region without using the NIR region, 2.8 to 3.0 eV or higher can be easily approached with existing technology.Transparent photovoltaic cells (TPVs) and semi-transparent photovoltaic cells (STPVs) developed to date can be broadly classified into the following four types of power generation methods: TPVs (1) Heterojunction and homojunction with 3.0 eV and more wide-gap semiconductors as generating layers [6-8].(2) Glass plate (+ wavelength conversion material) with Si solar cells installed on the end face of the glass plate to form a module [9]. STPVs (3) Increased visible light transmittance by wider-gap semiconductor materials (colored transparent type) [3].(4) SLTPVs [4].If TPV can be made more cost-effective, it can be applied to various applications such as low CO2 emissions in buildings, photovoltaic power generation for agriculture, no external power source required for electric bulletin boards, auxiliary power source for electric vehicles, and so on. Research and development are categorized into the above areas (1) through (4), with (1) through (3) in particular requiring basic research and development from a materials perspective. The number of groups involved in research and requests for practical applications is increasing, and accelerated progress is expected.

Study on the subjective brightness of photonic crystal structural colored wood products

ABSTRACT Photonic crystal structural color is a novel method in the field of colored coating on the surface of wood products. However, the subjective brightness of photonic crystal structural colored wood products under different color temperature light sources has not been studied. In this study, poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) latex microspheres with different diameters were used to construct photonic crystal coatings on wood surface. The subjective brightness psychological quantity under different color temperature light sources was obtained. Combined with the optical properties of the coatings, the correlation between the physical optical properties of the photonic crystal coating, the color temperature of the light source and the subjective brightness of the coating was obtained. The photonic crystal coating in the near red visible light wavelength range had higher subjective brightness under low color temperature light source, and coating in the near purple visible light wavelength range had higher subjective brightness under high color temperature light source. The subjective brightness of the photonic crystal coating was very closely related to the light source color temperature and closely related to the reflectivity of the coating. This study expands the research on the optical properties of photonic crystal structure colored wood products.

X-ray-Induced Pyroelectric Effect in a Perovskite Ferroelectric Drives Low Detection Limit Self-Powered Responses.

The light-induced pyroelectric effect (LPE) has shown a great promise in the application of optoelectronic devices, especially for self-powered detection and imaging. However, it is quite challenging and scarce to achieve LPE in the X-ray region. For the first time, we report X-ray LPE in a single-phase ferroelectric of (NPA)2(EA)2Pb3Br10 (1, NPA = neopentylamine, EA = ethylamine), adopting a two-dimensional trilayered perovskite motif, which has a large spontaneous polarization of ∼3.7 μC/cm2. Its ferroelectricity allows for significant LPE in the wavelength range of ordinary visible light. Strikingly, the X-ray LPE is observed in 1, which endows remarkable self-powered X-ray responses at 0 bias, including sensitivity up to 225 μC Gy-1 cm-2 and a low detection limit of ∼83.4 nGy s-1, being almost 66 times lower than the requirement for medical diagnostics (∼5.5 μGy s-1). This work not only develops a new mode for X-ray detection but also provides valuable insights for future photoelectric device application.

Integration of large-extinction-ratio resonators with grating couplers and waveguides on GaN-on-sapphire at O-band.

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on gallium nitride (GaN) platforms have been widely explored for various applications at C-band (1530 nm∼1565 nm) and visible light wavelength range. However, for O-band (1260 nm∼1360 nm) commonly used in short reach/cost sensitive markets, GaN-based PICs still have not been fully investigated. In this article, a microring resonator with an intrinsic Q-factor of ∼2.67 × 104 and an extinction ratio (ER) of 35.1 dB at 1319.9 nm and 1332.1 nm, is monolithically integrated with a transverse electric-polarized focusing grating coupler and a ridge waveguide on a GaN-on-sapphire platform. This shows a great potential to further exploit the optical properties of GaN materials and integrate GaN-based PICs with the mature GaN active electronic and optoelectronic devices to form a greater platform of optoelectronic-electronic integrated circuits (OEICs) for data-center and telecom applications.

Preparation of Spinel-Type Black Pigments Using Microwave-Assisted Calcination of Stainless Steel Dust: The Effect of Manganese Molar Content

Stainless steel dust is rich in valuable metal elements including Fe, Cr, Ni and Mn, which can be utilized to prepare Fe–Cr–Ni–Mn series black pigments. Meanwhile, manganese can absorb the majority of the visible light wavelength range, which improves the color rendering performance of Fe–Cr–Ni–Mn series black pigments. However, the coloring mechanism of manganese in the above black pigments is not clear. Therefore, the effect of manganese oxide content on the preparation of spinel-type black pigments from microwave-assisted calcination of stainless steel dust was studied in this work. The results show that with the increase in MnO content in the raw mixture, the crystal plane spacing of black pigments increases from 0.2525 nm to 0.2535 nm, the grain size grows from 61.4619 nm to 79.7171 nm, and the lattice constant grows from 0.8377 to 0.8406 nm. Moreover, the band gap is decreased from 1.483 eV to 1.244 eV, the absorbance increases significantly and has a consistent absorbance in the visible range, and the L*, a* and b* values reduce from 41.8, 0.6, 1.6 to 32.0, 1.0, 0.8, respectively. MnO can react with the spinel in stainless steel dust, forming Mn3O4, MnCr2O4 and Ni (Fe,Cr)O4 in the system, with a regular polyhedral structure. The prepared pigments have excellent thermal stability at 1100 °C and good compatibility with transparent glazes, which can be adhered to the surface of ceramic tiles after calcination to demonstrate better compatibility as the content of MnO increases.

Dynamic tuning of optical absorbance and structural color of VO2-based metasurface

Abstract Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is an attractive thermal-control material exhibiting low thermal hysteresis and excellent temperature cycling performance. However, the deficiencies including weak spectral shift and narrow-band absorption during insulating-metallic transitions hinder its application in optoelectronics. The transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can provide a promising solution with their high dielectric properties and robust optical coupling. Here, we report a MoS2/VO2/Au/Si metasurface and investigate the dynamic tunability of its optical absorbance and structural color upon heating via spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and numerical simulations. The first-principles calculations reveal that the dielectric absorptions of metallic and insulating VO2 oppositely response to temperature, closely related to the difference in the transitions of O-2p states. Finite-element simulations reveal that the introduction of MoS2 nanostructure induces more absorption peaks by 2∼3 and achieves strong absorption in the full wavelength range of visible light. The Fabry–Perot (F–P) resonance is the critical factor for the optimized optical absorption. The structural color is sensitive to environmental perturbations at high-ε state of VO2, lower oblique incidence angles, and heights of MoS2. This work seeks to facilitate the spectral modulation of phase change metamaterials and can be extended to photoelectric detection and temperature sensing applications.

Perovskite quantum dots modulating upconversion nanomaterials for cancer early detections

The accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer cell lesions need a high standard of detection technology. Fluorescent probes to perform cancer biomarker detection have become a popular research issue. However, fluorescent probes still face enormous challenges of complex design and difficult detection. In this work, we propose a novel composite material UCNP@SiO2 + QDs based on the combination of rare earth upconversion (UCNPs) and perovskite quantum dots (QDs) and design a new fluorescent probe MB-UCNP@SiO2 + QDs with molecular beacon (MB) as the carrier, that can be excited by near-infrared light, emitted in the visible wavelength, specifically identified and highly sensitive. Under the excitation of 980 nm near-infrared light, the UCNPs and QDs in the composite produced the maximum efficiency of energy transfer through fluorescence resonance, and the multi-emission light of UCNPs synergistically excited the re-emission of QDs, and the energy transfer efficiency is 70.6%. By changing the doping ratio of QDs halogen elements in UCNP@SiO2 + QDs, it is possible to modulate the precise luminescence of UCNP@SiO2 + QDs in the entire wavelength range of visible light at different positions. The novel fluorescent probe is obtained using UCNP@SiO2 + QDs and Black Hole Quencher-1 (BHQ1) quenching groups linked to the two respective sides of MB, selecting as the target of detection the myeloma cancer biomarker miRNA-155, a difficult diagnostic and complex developmental type, and have achieved specific recognition and low concentration of miRNA-155 and a detection limit of 73.5 pM. This fluorescent probe design can provide new ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, tumors, and cardiovascular diseases.Graphical

Quantitative Optical and Structural Comparison of 3D and (2+1)D Colloidal Photonic Crystals.

Colloidal crystals are excellent model systems to study self-assembly and structural coloration because their periodicities coincide with the wavelength range of visible light. Different assembly methods inherently introduce characteristic defects and irregularities, even with nearly monodisperse colloidal particles. Here, we investigate how these imperfections influence the structural coloration by comparing two techniques to obtain colloidal crystals. 3D colloidal crystals produced by convective assembly are well-ordered and periodically arranged but show microscopic cracks. (2+1)D colloidal crystals fabricated by stacking individual monolayers show a decreased hexagonal order and limited crystal registration between single monolayers in the z-direction. We investigate the optical properties of both systems by comparing identical numbers of layers using correlative microspectroscopy. These measurements show that the less ordered (2+1)D colloidal crystals exhibit higher reflected light intensities. Macroscopic reflection integrating all angles shows that the reflected light intensity levels out with an increasing number of layers, whereas incoherent scattering increases. Although both types of colloidal crystal show similar angle-dependent color shifts in specular reflection, the less-ordered structure of the (2+1)D colloidal crystal scatters light within a larger angular range under diffusive illumination. Our results suggest that structural coloration is surprisingly robust toward local defects and irregularities.

Green-Lighting the Sub-Band Gap Excitation in Two-Dimensional Zinc Oxide.

Solar spectrum and sensitivity of human eyes peak at green wavelength range of visible light, and the materials that can respond to a larger part of the visible spectrum are highly sought after. Two-dimensional graphene-like zinc oxide (gZnO) is a wide band gap semiconductor, but photogeneration of electron-hole pairs in it at visible wavelengths has not been achieved so far. Here, the sub-band gap excitation in 2D zinc oxide layers covered with gold nanoparticles is reported. The sub-band gap excitation and corresponding emission are correlated with oxygen interstitials introduced by AuNP deposition in the gZnO lattice. Attachment of AuNPs on gZnO also leads to increased electron availability at oxygen sites of the gZnO lattice, which translates into greater electron availability for sub-band gap excitation. The plasmonically enhanced trap level to conduction band transition constitutes sub-band gap excitation and manifests itself in local surface potential measurements carried out using a Kelvin probe force microscope.

γ-MnO2-deposited photonic crystal fiber: Novel photonic devices for multi-state solitons generation

Transition metal oxides, especially MnO2 nanoparticles, are often used as cathode of dry batteries and catalysts. They are also promising materials for ultrafast laser applications due to their strong absorption in visible light and near-infrared wavelength range. In this work, high-concentration MnO2 nanoparticles dispersions embedded in the hole cladding of dual-hole photonic crystal fiber is fabricated as a saturable absorber with a modulation depth of 4 % and a saturation intensity of 25 MW/cm2. Strong MnO2-light interaction occurs due to enhanced evanescent-field strength (over 10 cm) of the SA could enable stable mode locking operation at 1.55 μm region. By inserting a Sagnac fiber filter in the cavity, multi-state solitons are experimentally demonstrated with identical layout, respectively, which greatly improves the versatility of this laser. This study proves that MnO2 nanoparticles possess excellent nonlinear optical properties in the near-infrared band. The simple in-line structure of the proposed nanoparticles-deposited device could pave a way for high power and all-fiber applications of photonics.

Rational design and fabrication of optically transparent broadband microwave absorber with multilayer structure based on indium tin oxide

A multilayer metamaterial absorber (MMA) with optically transparent and broadband microwave absorption characteristics based on Indium Tin Oxide ( ITO) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was designed and fabricated. The microwave absorption properties can be regulated by the resistance of ITO and the structural parameters of the unit cell. In the frequency range of 2.64–18 GHz, more than 90 % microwave absorption can be achieved. The microwave attenuation mechanism was investigated through equivalent electromagnetic parameters, impedance matching, electric and magnetic field distribution, power loss density and layer electric current at special frequencies. The microwave absorption performance at different incident angles under TE and TM polarization models was investigated to explore the angle-sensitive properties. The average transmittance of the absorber in the visible light wavelength range (400–800 nm) was also measured. The experimental and simulated microwave absorption rates are in accordance, indicating the potential application of the proposed absorber in the field of transparent microwave absorption. • Visible light transparent metamaterial absorber is fabricated. • The microwave absorbance over 90 % can be achieved within 2.64–18 GHz. • The metamaterial absorber has polarization insensitive and wide-angle stability properties. • Microwave attenuation mechanisms were investigated by surface electric current.

Study on microstructure and extinction characteristics of particulate matter in diesel engine fueled with different biodiesels.

Biodiesel combustion particulate matter (PM) is different from diesel combustion PM in terms of microscopic morphology, which directly affects the optical properties of PM. To investigate the effect of the microstructure of biodiesel PM on the extinction characteristics, an experiment was performed on a high-pressure common rail diesel engine to collect PM from three kinds of biodiesel (the main raw materials were soybean oil methyl eater (SME), palm oil methyl eater (PME), and waste cooking oil methyl eater (WME), respectively). The particle size distribution, micro morphology, and extinction characteristics of biodiesel PM were analyzed. Results show that combustion biodiesel reduces PM emissions by up to 84.2%. Compared to PM from diesel, biodiesel PM has a smaller particle size and a higher aggregation degree, which results in weaker light absorption capacity. With the iodine number of biodiesel decreasing, the number concentration of biodiesel PM decreases and the fractal dimension increases, which leads to producing a more complex agglomerate and a consequent reduction in extinction coefficient. The average particle sizes of PM from SME, PME, and WME are 5.1%, 6.7%, and 13.9% lower than that of diesel PM. Compared with diesel combustion PM, the peak absorption coefficients of SME, WME, and PME combustion PM decrease by 8.4%, 11.4%, and 13.3%, respectively. The extinction properties of particles decrease with increasing fractal dimension within the wavelength range of visible light.

Effluent degradation followed hydrogen production using near-infrared sensitized nanocomposite of reduced nanographene oxide under visible light.

The purpose of this research work is to synthesize near-infrared dye-sensitized nanocomposites with core-shell nanostructures of titanium dioxide/reduced nanographene oxide (TiO2/r-NGO) to be an effective photocatalyst for effluent degradation followed hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation. The generation of hydrogen using photocatalysts has been intensely researched for the effective utilization of hydrogen in a controlled way. The mechanistic pathway for both hydrogen generation and effluent degradation utilizes the electrons generated through photoexcitation during dye sensitization. For this reason, the squaraine dyes were synthesized by the C-H-direct arylation method and made the nanocomposites with self-assembled core/shell nanocomposites (r-NGOT), where TiO2 serves as the core and r-NGO as the shell. Due to the lack of anchoring groups, VJ-Q was only adsorbed on the surface of r-NGOT through π-π stacking, which is confirmed by Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The optical absorption spectra of VJ-Q/r-NGOT nanocomposites measured with diffuse reflectance UV/visible absorption spectroscopy covers the whole range of visible light wavelengths up to 800nm. During the photocatalytic activity, VJ-Q/r-NGOT/Pt followed a ligand-to-metal-charge transfer (LMCT) type mechanism for the electron transfer to the core-shell nanostructure. This mechanistic pathway is utilized for the effluent dye degradation followed hydrogen generation through water splitting. The photocatalytic efficiency of the nanocomposite with adsorbed dye is superior to that of dye-TiO2 due to the large surface area provided by r-NGO and the prevention of dye aggregation. The work is significant due to the limited research works that are carried under dye-sensitized nanocomposites that have been utilized for both dye degradation and hydrogen generation.