Specific Range Research Articles

Multisensory gaze stabilization in response to subchronic alteration of vestibular type I hair cells.

The functional complementarity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic reflex (OKR) allows for optimal combined gaze stabilization responses (CGR) in light. While sensory substitution has been reported following complete vestibular loss, the capacity of the central vestibular system to compensate for partial peripheral vestibular loss remains to be determined. Here, we first demonstrate the efficacy of a 6-week subchronic ototoxic protocol in inducing transient and partial vestibular loss which equally affects the canal- and otolith-dependent VORs. Immunostaining of hair cells in the vestibular sensory epithelia revealed that organ-specific alteration of type I, but not type II, hair cells correlates with functional impairments. The decrease in VOR performance is paralleled with an increase in the gain of the OKR occurring in a specific range of frequencies where VOR normally dominates gaze stabilization, compatible with a sensory substitution process. Comparison of unimodal OKR or VOR versus bimodal CGR revealed that visuo-vestibular interactions remain reduced despite a significant recovery in the VOR. Modeling and sweep-based analysis revealed that the differential capacity to optimally combine OKR and VOR correlates with the reproducibility of the VOR responses. Overall, these results shed light on the multisensory reweighting occurring in pathologies with fluctuating peripheral vestibular malfunction.

How to Avoid the Harm of Big Data Technology to Consumers Rights Through Law

Merchants collect and use consumers confidence collected actively or passively. When platform operators go beyond a specific range, collect and use consumer information unrestrainedly, use algorithm technology to precisely portray consumers, implement differentiated pricing, and conduct considerable data-enabled price discrimination. On the one hand, the behavior of killing familiarity with big data violates the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, wears away consumers loyalty to the Internet industry, and hinders the conclusion of commercial transactions by inaction; on the other hand, the retail credit of platform operators is also virtually reduced. Over time, it is straightforward for consumers to have a crisis of trust in platform operators, affecting the conclusion of commercial transactions. This article starts with three judicial cases and analyzes the illegality of big data killing the rights of consumers from the perspective of theory and practice and what causes big data killing. To better protect the rights and interests of consumers, it also explores How to avoid the behavior of killing familiarity with big data through legal means.

The fractional non-polynomial spline method: Precision and modeling improvements

This research introduces the fractional non-polynomial spline method as a novel scheme for solving the time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. The study focuses on numerical analysis and algorithm development for simulation purposes. The proposed method involves the construction of a fractional non-polynomial spline to estimate the equation's solution, offering improved precision and modeling capabilities compared to existing approaches. To assess the stability of the proposed approach, the von Neumann method is employed, demonstrating its unconditional stability within a specific parameter range. To validate the effectiveness of our numerical analysis and simulation algorithm, contour, 2D, and 3D graphs are utilized to compare the solution obtained through our method with an analytical solution. Through rigorous comparative analysis with previous works, the superiority of our approach in terms of accuracy and efficiency is demonstrated. Norm error calculations, specifically the (L2and L∞) error norms, provide a quantitative assessment of the accuracy and reliability of our proposed scheme.

A distinctive kinetics transition from stable hcp to metastable fcc dendrite growth within liquid Re95W5 refractory alloy

ABSTRACT A transition of dendrite growth kinetics from stable hcp to metastable fcc phases was observed for refractory Re95W5 alloy in an electrostatic levitation state, which attained a liquid undercooling up to 872 K (0.26T L). Stable hcp dendrite dominated in the single recalescence for pure Re in the whole of its undercooling regime, but prevailed for Re95W5 alloy only in the specific range of 159–867 K undercooling. The rapid dendrite growth velocity displayed a power-law relationship with the degree of undercooling. Once the refractory alloy melt was undercooled beyond 867 K undercooling, metastable fcc dendrite grew primarily from the liquid phase in the first recalescence, which was followed by a complete ‘fcc to hcp’ solid-state transformation in the second recalescence. An abrupt change of growth kinetics took place to depress the dendrite growth velocity drastically from 41.8 m·s−1 for stable hcp phase at 867 K undercooling to 10.9 m·s−1 for metastable fcc phase at 872 K undercooling.

A modified social force model for sudden attack evacuation based on Yerkes–Dodson law and the tendency toward low risk areas

Various evacuation models are the internal support for the movement of pedestrians. Emergencies that occur in public places have the characteristics of suddenness, massive and unpredictability. These characteristics impact pedestrians’ psychological states, ultimately shaping their behaviors. However, the existing models do not fully consider this aspect. Therefore, for sudden attack events, based on the social force model and Yerkes–Dodson law, this paper proposes a modified model which considers the positive and negative effects of psychological state on pedestrians’ behaviors in three dimensions: the realization degree of desired speed, the proximity of attacker to pedestrian, and crowdedness. It also considers the diminishment of repulsion and the attractiveness of low risk areas. A behavioral model based on the exit-reorientation mechanism is proposed to describe the behavior of low risk exit selection according to the relative location of the attacker. The improved model is validated quantitatively and qualitatively, respectively. Simulations based on this model can effectively reproduce the behaviors of crowds in videos. The data of fundamental diagrams from our model fits well with that from videos. We find that the evacuation time is longer when the observation distance within a specific range in the simple scenario. The risk tolerance level of 8 m and 6 m are the critical points affecting the rate of change of survival rate and casualties, respectively. Simulation results indicate that the effect of rational people ratio on evacuation time will vary with risk tolerance level. This study offers insights into the dynamics of crowd evolution during an evacuation following a sudden attack, providing a foundation for exit allocation and emergency crowd guidance.

Risk hedging for VaR-constrained newsvendors

Risk management significantly impacts the efficiency of business operations. We examine the effects of corporate risk preference on optimal ordering and risk-hedging decisions under a value-at-risk (VaR) constraint from short-term (only demand is uncertain) and long-term (both demand and supply are uncertain) perspectives. We find that under the short-term view, the impact of the shortage cost on the optimal order quantity is weaker than that of the unit net residual value. Moreover, managers can achieve a balanced management of profit and risk by using inventory to maximize profit and selecting the right option to hedge risk. Specifically, risk-averse firms can manage risk by selling a sufficient number of put options with a low enough strike price. On the other hand, risk-seeking firms should sell an adequate number of call options with a high enough strike price to meet the VaR constraint. In the long-run, we broaden the scope of applying optimal risk-hedging strategies for firms with different risk preferences. The optimal risk-hedging strategies within a specific range will be consistent with short-term ones. Otherwise, any option that satisfies the VaR constraint can be used to control risk. Our results enrich the literature on profit-risk hedging and ordering decisions based on the newsvendor model with the VaR constraint. They also help firms manage their inventories and control risk simultaneously. It is of great value to firms that are not only interested in short-term benefits but are more focused on the long-term increase in firms’ value.

The Level of Parental Awareness of Children's Developmental Milestones

Background: Milestones pertain to the customary progression of a child's development within a specific age range. The development of children exhibits significant diversity across different countries, resulting in a lack of fixed milestones tied to certain ages and instead displaying a normal range of variability. The objective of this study was to assess the level of parental awareness regarding children's developmental milestones in the region of Al-Ahsa, located in Saudi Arabia. The study employed a cross-sectional design and took place from January to March 2022. A pre-designed and validated questionnaire was utilized to collect data from parents residing in Al-Ahsa who were over 18 years of age and had at least one kid between the ages of birth and 14 years. A total of 372 parents participated in the study, with data collection facilitated using local virtual and social media platforms. Result: Among the surveyed parents, a majority of 71% accurately indicated the average age at which children generally commence crawling, while 62.9% provided an accurate response regarding the average age at which children typically begin walking. In the study, it was shown that a higher proportion of moms (9.7%) exhibited an excellent degree of understanding of milestones, as opposed to fathers (3.2%) (P = 0.048). The primary sources of information utilized in this study consisted of internet sites, parents/relatives, and pediatricians or general practitioners, with percentages of 81.4%, 81.4%, and 68.3% respectively. Conclusion: The parental understanding of children's growth milestones was limited. It is imperative for healthcare providers to prioritize the dissemination of precise information regarding child development to parents through educational interventions conducted during routine visits.

Analysis and suppression of switching‐frequency harmonics in variable‐output‐voltage inverters

SummaryIn many practical applications such as motor drives, the inverter is required to produce a variable output voltage within a wide range (e.g., 0.1 to 1 pu). In such cases, when the inverter operates in low modulation index (low output voltage), the harmonic distortion of the output voltage increases due to considerable reduction in the magnitude of the fundamental component. Also, the ratio of the switching losses to the output power will be high in the low modulation index. In this paper, a simple solution is proposed to overcome the problems. The principle of the proposed solution is to adjust the DC‐link voltage so that the modulation index of the inverter remains within a specific high range. Different practical ways of obtaining controlled DC‐link voltage are presented. Also, for operation of the DC‐DC converter used for DC‐link voltage control, three strategies are proposed. The proposed solution is simple, and it is very effective and feasible to implement. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the idea has not been presented in this form previously. In order to verify the proposed solution, the simulation and experimental results are presented and discussed.

Reality And Factors of Influence on The Development of Arabic Language Education Curriculum at SDNU Kencong Jember

The strategic role of the curriculum will trigger the efficiency and effectiveness of learning. The curriculum directs all learning activities while essential to realizing a quality educational institution. Seeing the orientation and role of the curriculum, curricular changes can occur at any time by existing needs. Social changes in society and the development of Science and technology should be immediately responded to in curriculum development at every level of Education. This type of qualitative research understands the phenomenon experienced by research subjects, such as action, thought, motivation, and others. At the same time, the researchers used a descriptive approach. The results show that the reality of Arabic language education today should be an excellent opportunity to create brighter prospects for enthusiasts and activists of the Arabic language in the future. Scientific epistemology and curriculum must always be addressed and developed to plan the curriculum to produce a wide range of curriculum specifics.

Constraining the Properties of Black Hole Seeds from the Farthest Quasars

Over 60 yr after the discovery of the first quasar, more than 275 such sources are identified in the epoch of reionization at z > 6. JWST is now exploring higher redshifts (z ≳ 8) and lower-mass (≲107 M ⊙) ranges. The discovery of progressively farther quasars is instrumental to constraining the properties of the first population of black holes (BHs), or BH seeds, formed at z ∼ 20–30. For the first time, we use Bayesian analysis of the most comprehensive catalog of quasars at z > 6 to constrain the distribution of BH seeds. We show that the mass distribution of BH seeds can be effectively described by combining a power law and a lognormal function tailored to the mass ranges associated with light and heavy seeds, assuming Eddington-limited growth and early seeding time. Our analysis reveals a power-law slope of and a lognormal mean of . The inferred values of the Eddington ratio, the duty cycle, and the mean radiative efficiency are , , and , respectively. Models that solely incorporate a power law or a lognormal distribution within the specific mass range corresponding to light and heavy seeds are statistically strongly disfavored, unlike models not restricted to this specific range. Our results suggest that including both components is necessary to comprehensively account for the masses of high-redshift quasars, and that both light and heavy seeds formed in the early Universe and grew to form the population of quasars we observe.

Development of machine learning models for the prediction of long-term feeding tube dependence after oral and oropharyngeal cancer surgery

PurposeTo predict the necessity of enteral nutrition at 28 days after surgery in patients undergoing major head and neck oncologic procedures for oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Material and methodsData from 193 patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively collected at two tertiary referral centers to train (n = 135) and validate (n = 58) six supervised machine learning (ML) models for binary prediction employing 29 clinical variables available pre-operatively. ResultsThe accuracy of the six ML models ranged between 0.74 and 0.88, while the measured area under the curve (AUC) between 0.75 and 0.87. The ML algorithms showed high specificity (range 0.87–0.96) and moderate sensitivity (range: 0.31–0.77) in detecting patients with ≥28 days feeding tube dependence. Negative predictive value was higher (range: 0.81–0.93) compared to positive predictive value (range: 0.40–0.71). Finally, the F1 score ranged between 0.35 and 0.74. ConclusionsClassification performance of the ML algorithms showed optimistic accuracy in the prediction of enteral nutrition at 28 days after surgery. Prospective studies are mandatory to define the clinical benefit of a ML-based pre-operative prediction of a personalized nutrition protocol.

Повышение биопотенциала молоди муксуна Coregonus muksun сверхслабыми импульсными магнитными полями в условиях рыбоводного хозяйства

The results of a production experiment with juvenile muksun carried out at the Sob fish hatchery (Kharp village, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) are presented. The purpose of the experiment, as an important element in the compensatory measure for the reproduction of valuable fish species, was to increase the biopotential of juveniles for their release into the Ob. For several days before hatching, the embryos were treated with ultra-weak pulsed magnetic fields in a specific frequency range. In the postembryonic period, control and experimental muksun juveniles were studied using morphometric and cytological-histological methods. It was established that the experimental juveniles during the entire growing period exceeded the control ones in most parameters, and before release into the Ob River for feeding, the weight of the experimental muksun fry significantly exceeded the weight of the control juveniles. When assessing the nature and degree of connection between morphometric parameters using cluster analysis, it was shown that by the time the experiment was completed, a higher correlation between traits was observed in the experimental juveniles, which is additional confirmation of its increased balance in the development process. The level of formation of the gonads of the reproductive system in the experimental individuals also exceeded the development of the gonads of the control ones - in terms of size and rate of sexual differentiation, number and cytometric indicators of germ cells. The data obtained allow us to consider it advisable to apply this approach in the practice of compensatory fish farming.

Integrated Broadband Filter with Sharp Transition Edges Based on SiN and SiON Composite Waveguide Coupler

Broadband filters with sharp transition edges are important elements in diverse applications, including Raman and fluorescence spectral analysis, wideband wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), and multi-octave interferometry. While the multi-layer thin-film interference broadband filter has been widely applied in various free-space optical systems, its integrated counterpart is still far from mature, which is also highly desired for constructing chip-scale miniature optical modules. In this article, we design, fabricate, and characterize an integrated broadband filter with sharp transition edges. An adiabatic coupler based on silicon nitride (SiN) and silicon oxynitride (SiON) composite waveguide is employed here. Long-pass, short-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters can be realized in a single design of the composite waveguide coupler for a specific wavelength range, with only a difference in the SiN taper waveguide width. Experimental results with a roll-off value of larger than 0.7 dB nm−1 and a 15 dB extinction ratio (ER) are presented.

Modelling of asymmetric channel plasmonic polariton waveguides

Channel plasmonic polariton (CPP) waveguides are a promising technology for integrated photonics. They offer several advantages over other plasmonic waveguides and are well-suited for various applications. In this research, a new design of asymmetric double-trenched CPP waveguide is suggested and examined. This design consists of two silicon trenches etched into a silicon dioxide substrate layer; with a gold layer sandwiched in between. The trenches are asymmetric, with one trench being wider than the other. This asymmetry creates a spatially varying surface plasmon polariton (SPP) field, which can guide light along the waveguide. The polarization characteristics of this proposed design are analyzed over a specific wavelength range (0.7 - 1.7 µm) to evaluate the mode confinement of the light within the structure. The design performance was optimized by changing the gold layer thickness and the dimensions of the lower trench. Different scenarios are examined to observe TE and TM-polarized modes’ behavior within the groove. A 1867.119 dB/µm suppression level at 0.92 µm wavelength is achieved which offers a small-size component for compact photonic logic gates, enabling the development of next-generation photonic devices.

Influence of different heat transfer models on therapeutic temperature prediction and heat-induced damage during magnetic hyperthermia

Magnetic hyperthermia regulates the therapeutic temperature within a specific range to damage malignant cells after exposing the magnetic nanoparticles inside tumor tissue to an alternating magnetic field. The therapeutic temperature of living tissues can be generally predicted using Pennes' bio-heat equation after ignoring both the inhomogeneity of biological structure and the microstructural responses. Although various of the bio-heat transfer models proposed in literature fix these shortages, there is still a lack of a comprehensive report on investigating the discrepancy for different models when applied in the magnetic hyperthermia context. This study compares four different bio-heat equations in terms of the therapeutic temperature distribution and the heat-induced damage situation for a proposed geometric model, which is established based on computed tomography images of a tumor bearing mouse. The therapeutic temperature is also used as an index to evaluate the effect of two key relaxation times for the phase lag behavior on bio-heat transfer. Moreover, this work evaluates the effects of two blood perfusion rates on both the treatment temperature and the cumulative equivalent heating minutes at 43 °C. Numerical analysis results reveal that relaxation times for phase-lag behavior as well as the porosity for living tissues directly affect the therapeutic temperature variation and ultimately the thermal damage for the malignant tissue during magnetic hyperthermia. The dual-phase-lag equation can be converted into Pennes’ equation and simple-phase-lag equation when relaxation times meet specific conditions during the process of heat transfer. In addition, different blood perfusion rates can result in an amplitude discrepancy for treatment temperature, but this parameter does not change the characteristics of thermal propagation during therapy.

Effect of a Simulated Coal Mine Environment on Polyurethane Grouting Material and a Proposed Polyurethane Strengthening Method.

When it comes to grouting in coal mines, polyurethane (PU) is often utilized. However, it is of vital importance to consistently improve the mineral PU, considering the significant amount of environmental deterioration to which it is prone. Laboratory experiments were used to model various coal mine conditions. Additionally, a workable technique for PU strengthening using ultrasonic waves was proposed. Compression tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to describe the PU-gangue material's induration characteristics. The results showed that ultrasound has a positive impact on PU's mechanical strength. The final strength of the PU was significantly impacted by the size of the coal gangue particles, the amount of dust, and the amount of water. The induration made of gangue and PU with the same mass but differing particle sizes was noticeably different in its compressive strength. The strengthening mechanism showed that the average size of the rigid foam after the ultrasound treatment was smaller, and the 'honeycomb'-structured space in the inner section was more compact, resulting in the rigid PU foam having a higher compressive strength after ultrasound treatment. Furthermore, the dust content and water content of coal mines need to be controlled within a specific range to ensure the effective use of PU grouting materials.

Experimental validation on the phase separation for the 2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate and Poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate] in supercritical CO2

Using an intense pressure flexible volume apparatus, the phase transition equilibrium of the two-component mixture consisting of 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (2DIPAEMA) + supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc CO2), as well as poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) [P(2DIPAEMA)] with various co-solvents (propylene, propane, 1-butene, butane, and dimethyl ether), was investigated. Additionally, the three-component system P(2DIPAEMA) + 2DIPAEMA (0.0, 0.0245, 0.0523, 0.1036 mol fraction) + Sc CO2 was studied at a specific temperature range of 313.2 K to 454.5 K and an upper-pressure limit of 171.03 MPa. The dew-point, critical-point, and bubble-point equilibria data for the 2DIPAEMA + Sc CO2 binary system at a temperature interval of 313.2–393.2 K and a pressure limit of 21.61 MPa were measured. At low co-solvent concentrations, the solubility transition curve in the three-component P(2DIPAEMA) + Sc CO2 + co-solvent system (comprising propylene, propane, 1-butene, butane, and dimethyl ether) shows a cloud pressure curve that increases as temperature decreases. However, at higher concentrations, cloud pressure decreased rapidly, but a minor change in cloud pressure with temperature was recorded, indicating a homogeneous single-phase behavior resembling a type-I phase diagram. The van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule was employed to compare the experimentally calculated data with the computed and modelled data of the Peng–Robinson mathematical equation. It was discovered that the computed values were consistent with the experimental values. The RMSD for the (Sc CO2 + 2DIPAEMA) system was 4.37 % at five different temperatures. The critical parameter of the pure component, 2DIPAEMA, was estimated using the Joback-Lyderson approach.

CHATTER SUPPRESSION FOR ROBOTIC MILLING USING A NOVEL MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUID ABSORBER

Industrial robots are more compliant than CNC machine tools, which makes them prone to chatter during robotic milling. Chatter has slowed down the adoption or sometimes inhibited the use of robots for machining tasks. This work presents a new chatter suppression scheme by mounting a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) absorber on the spindle housing to absorb the vibration with a specific frequency range. Firstly, a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is used to predict the modal parameters at different machining positions. Subsequently, the predicted modal parameters are employed as input to obtain the transfer matrix for chatter frequency calculation. After that, a novel MRF absorber is designed based on the controllable shear modulus of the MRF in its pre-yield region. The simulation verifies that the designed MRF absorber can suppress chatter and thus improve the surface quality of the workpiece.

Comparison of detection methods for carbonation depth of concrete

This paper presents comprehensive research of the advantages and applicability of various concrete carbonation detection methods. Employing a combination of Phenolphthalein indicator (PI), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray phase analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Quantitative calcium carbonate analysis (CA), a detailed comparison to determine the carbonation depth in the partial carbonation zone of concrete specimens is conducted. Among the quantitative analysis methods, CA measures CaCO3 content based on chemical reactions, while TGA obtains the concentration distribution of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. Among qualitative analysis methods, XRD tested the intensity distribution of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, while FTIR traced the characteristic peaks of C-O functional groups in a specific spectral range to determine the depth of carbonation of concrete. Results indicate that the depth of carbonation values measured by CA, TGA, XRDA, and FTIR are 2–3 times higher than those measured by PI. This research may provide valuable insights for the design of carbonation detection in concrete.

Seismic response analysis of the underground cavern group at the Yingliangbao hydropower station to the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake

Strong earthquakes can cause damage to underground structures. The Yingliangbao hydropower station, which experienced significant tremors during the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake, is located just 10 km from the epicenter. To assess the impact of the earthquake on the stability of the surrounding rock, a combination of field investigation and numerical simulation was conducted. The field investigation revealed displacements ranging from 0 to 6.55 mm in certain areas of the rock, with localized collapses. The numerical simulation showed that the response of the underground cavern rock is closely linked to the acceleration and the frequency of the seismic waves. Displacements and stresses in the rock varied significantly at different seismic wave acceleration. However, there were discrepancies between the numerical calculations and the field monitoring data due to factors such as the neglect of local geological weak surfaces. Despite these differences, the numerical simulation accurately represented the overall response of the site to the earthquake, with the magnitude of the disparities in displacement data being on the millimeter scale. The earthquake also may cause a 2.3 % increase in the size of the plastic zone in the surrounding rock. Additionally, the residual displacement and maximum stress fluctuations in the sidewall of the underground chamber decreased with increasing frequency within a specific range, while the volume of the plastic zone initially decreased and then increased with higher frequencies of the seismic waves.