Random Way Research Articles

Organizational conflict management scale for first division league football players in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

The importance of the study is to crystallize the concept of organizational conflict management by developing an organization conflict management scale for the first-division club players in the Kurdistan Region who face conflict through the game and matches. In addition, the players of the first-division clubs under study may benefit from this study in developing their level and getting rid of the difficulties of negative competition, and thus ascending and raising their performance and achieving the best results which helps them increase scientific knowledge of organizational conflict management in matches and its effects and how to confront and address it in a positive way. This study aims to develop an organizational conflict management scale for the first-division club players in the Kurdistan Region, using the descriptive approach in the survey method for its suitability with the nature of the study. Eighteen clubs from the first- division league of Kurdistan Region- Iraq season (2021-2022) were selected as a community of the study. The building sample (292) players were selected in a simple random way (draw) from the basic research sample. The sample of the exploratory experiment was chosen (27) players from Koya sports Club using the intentional method. Mean (M), standard deviation (SD), percentage (%), simple correlation and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used as a statistical analysis by using (SPSS). Attaining the organizational conflict management scale that the researcher developed through the scientific procedures followed in building the standards, The number of paragraphs of the scale was (46) paragraphs and the distribution of paragraphs on (4) areas.

تأثير التحول الرقمي على كفاءة الموارد البشرية في المملكة العربية السعودية

Digital transformation is one of the most significant modern mechanism concerned with restructuring the traditional labor market into digital work as a result of keeping pace with technical and technological progress. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Vision 2030 emphasized the activation and development of digital transformation in all government and private sectors, therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the impact of digital transformation on the efficiency of human resources, and determine the potential benefits of adopting digital transformation on the development of human resources. Furthermore, the study attempts to find whether there is link between the impact of demographic characteristics variables, such as (age, academic qualification, years of experience) on efficiency, identifying the concept and benefits of digital transformation. The questionnaire as a tool to suit the nature of the study, and the study population consisted of workers in Saudi banks, and it was distributed in a simple random way, and the number of responses reached (45) male and female employees, and the SPSS statistical analysis program was used to analyze the data. As one of the most important findings of the two researchers is the existence of a statistically significant positive correlation relationship between digital transformation and human resource efficiency, as the Pearson correlation coefficient reached (0.726), which is a statistically significant value at the level of significance (0.01), and there are no statistically significant differences in organizational efficiency. Referring to any of the demographic variables, the analysis showed that the level of organizational efficiency in the sample community is high by a percentage of 91.1%, in light of the findings of the study. The two researchers recommended expanding training centers on technological programs and activating them to develop human resources, and educate organizations and society about the advantages of Modern technology and its positive impact on the efficiency of employees, raising the spirit of competition and cooperation between organizations to create new digital growth that seeks to achieve the vision of 2030.

An Improved Framework for Drug-Side Effect Associations Prediction via Counterfactual Inference-Based Data Augmentation.

Detecting side effects of drugs is a fundamental task in drug development. With the expansion of publicly available biomedical data, researchers have proposed many computational methods for predicting drug-side effect associations (DSAs), among which network-based methods attract wide attention in the biomedical field. However, the problem of data scarcity poses a great challenge for existing DSAs prediction models. Although several data augmentation methods have been proposed to address this issue, most of existing methods employ a random way to manipulate the original networks, which ignores the causality of existence of DSAs, leading to the poor performance on the task of DSAs prediction. In this paper, we propose a counterfactual inference-based data augmentation method for improving the performance of the task. First, we construct a heterogeneous information network (HIN) by integrating multiple biomedical data. Based on the community detection on the HIN, a counterfactual inference-based method is designed to derive augmented links, and an augmented HIN is obtained accordingly. Then, a meta-path-based graph neural network is applied to learn high-quality representations of drugs and side effects, on which the predicted DSAs are obtained. Finally, comprehensive experiments are conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed counterfactual inference-based data augmentation for the task of DSAs prediction.

Reliability and Security Performances Analysis of Rate Splitting Based VLC System With HARQ

This work first attempts to investigate the reliability and physical layer security (PLS) performances of a rate splitting (RS) based visible light communication (VLC) system with one trusted user and one untrusted user. Specifically, the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol is adopted at the trusted user and the movement of users is assumed to be subject to the random way point (RWP) model with four decoding strategies considered at receiver side. The exact closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP) for both users are then obtained, and the analytical expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP), reliable and secure transmission probability (RSP), and effective secrecy throughput (EST) of trusted user are also mathematically derived. Through simulations, it is found that to guarantee the reliability and PLS performances, the trusted user should first decode the untrusted user’s private stream and the untrusted user should first decode the trusted user’s private stream. Besides, the reliability and PLS performances of RS-VLC system could be enhanced with the appropriate increase in the maximum transmission round of HARQ with the best decoding strategy. Moreover, they could be further enhanced by the proper common stream power allocation coefficient. This work will benefit the research and development of indoor VLC system.

Phase composition of sputter deposited tungsten thin films

Sputter deposited tungsten thin films are studied by X-ray diffraction. Two phases can be identified: α-W and β-W based on the observed (110), and (200) and (210) Bragg reflections, respectively. With increasing film thickness (50 to 200 nm), the phase composition shifts from β-W towards α-W. No influence of the base pressure (3 × 10−3 – 3 × 10−5 Pa) on the phase composition is observed. Also the influence of the argon pressure (0.3 to 0.7 Pa) is rather weak. The strongest shift towards α-W composed thin films is obtained by increasing the discharge power (50 to 250 W). This trend is further studied by energy flux measurements using a calorimetric probe. These measurements rule out a strong change of the substrate temperature, and an impact of the energy flux scaled by the deposition rate (total energy per deposited atom). Test particle Monte Carlo simulations reveal the importance of the momentum of the reflected argon neutrals on the phase composition. The maximum energy of these species is mainly defined by the discharge voltage, and is higher than the directional dependent displacement energy of W. Despite the significant correlation between phase composition and the number of displacement per deposited atom, there is a strong scatter of the phase composition. As the deposition conditions were varied in random way, changes of the target erosion profile, and the changing discharge voltage over each series are probably partially responsible for the observed scatter. This scatter is also enhanced by the long term changes in the phase composition towards the more thermodynamic stable α-W phase.

Recursive state estimation for delayed complex networks with random link failures and stochastic inner coupling under cyber attacks

This paper focuses on the filtering issue regarding a class of uncertain time-delayed complex networks (CNs) subject to random link failures (RLF) and stochastic inner coupling (SIC) under cyber attacks, where the attacks occur in a random way with uncertain occurrence probabilities. The phenomena of RLF and SIC are described via a Bernoulli distributed random variable and a Gaussian noise, respectively. The former reflects the presence or absence of connections between different nodes, while the latter presents the uncertainty of the inner coupling strength. In addition, denial of service attacks (DoSAs) and false data injection attacks (FDIAs) are both taken into account in the discussed cyber space, where the switching behavior of attack modes is described by two independent Bernoulli distributed random variables. A novel recursive estimator is constructed with consideration of RLF, uncertain time-delay, SIC and cyber attacks, wherein a state estimation error covariance upper bound (SEECUB) is obtained. And such upper bound is minimized via reasonable design of the estimator gain. Through theoretical deduction and analysis, it is proved that the presented SEECUB is uniformly bounded under certain conditions. Finally, the availability of the proposed filtering strategy and the gained results are verified through simulation examples.

Strategies of Mixed Coalitions in Group Lending and Equitable Distribution of Joint Profit

The objective of this paper is to highlight the usefulness of cooperative game theory as a conceptual framework for approaching problems related to the formation of mixed coalitions within group lending and the fair distribution of joint profit. The focus was on a particular technique, the Shapley value, originally proposed as an a priori solution to a cooperative game. Furthermore, the central idea of this approach is indifference to the desires of others: individualism. We succeed in establishing the threshold level for determining the value obtained for a fair distribution of joint resources. The only element that could limit the applicability of this value to any sharing problem comes from the assumption that coalitions are formed in a random way, which is not always respected in reality

The effect of education based on planned behavior theory on women’s knowledge and attitudes about human papillomavirus

Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Improving knowledge and attitude is the key to controlling and preventing, but women’s knowledge about this virus is not enough. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on planned behavior theory on knowledge and attitude toward HPV and its vaccination in women of reproductive age. The study was a single-blind, randomized clinical trial study with a control group was done in 2022, which was conducted on 85 women referred to selected comprehensive health centers in Shiraz, Iran. In this study, the sampling was performed is a multi-stage random way. Eighty-three women who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The data collection tool was the knowledge and attitude questionnaire about HPV and its vaccine, which was confirmed to be valid and reliable. Data analysis was performed with descriptive and analytic statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05 with SPSS (22) software. The results showed that the educational intervention has caused a significant increase in the components of knowledge, attitude, social norms, perceived behavior control, and willingness to receive the HPV vaccine in the intervention group. So that in both stages after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in the studied components (P < 0.05). The educational intervention based on the planned behavior theory significantly affected the knowledge, attitude, social norms, and intention for HPV vaccination in women of reproductive age. Therefore, educational intervention recommended as awareness-raising programs and strategies for women.Trial registration: (RCT code: IRCT20220131053891N1). First Registration date: 28/04/2022.

Probabilistic maximization of time-dependent capacities in a gas network

AbstractThe determination of free technical capacities belongs to the core tasks of a gas network owner. Since gas loads are uncertain by nature, it makes sense to understand this as a probabilistic problem provided that stochastic modeling of available historical data is possible. Future clients, however, do not have a history or they do not behave in a random way, as is the case, for instance, in gas reservoir management. Therefore, capacity maximization becomes an optimization problem with uncertainty-related constraints which are partially of probabilistic and partially of robust (worst case) type. While previous attempts to solve this problem were devoted to models with static (time-independent) gas flow, we aim at considering here transient gas flow subordinate to the isothermal Euler equations. The basic challenge addressed in the manuscript is two-fold: first, a proper way of formulating probabilistic constraints in terms of the differential equations has to be provided. This will be realized on the basis of the so-called spherical-radial decomposition of Gaussian random vectors. Second, a suitable characterization of the worst-case load behaviour of future customers has to be found. It will be shown, that this is possible for quasi-static flow and can be transferred to the transient case. The complexity of the problem forces us to constrain ourselves in this first analysis to simple pipes or to a V-like structure of the network. Numerical solutions are presented and show that the differences between quasi-static and transient solutions are small, at least in these elementary examples.

The level of nutritional and health awareness among female athletes in Jordan

The study aimed to identify women's awareness levels in Jordan about food nutrition and health due to the importance of her being the head of the family and directly responsible for feeding the entire family. Starting with the child and the rest of the family members, where the descriptive approach was used, which was done through the use of a questionnaire that consisted of seven domains as a tool for the study, which was applied to a sample of (1,000) married women from the governorates of Ajloun, Irbid, Jerash, Mafraq, and the capital, Amman, who was selected in a simple random way. Where the study concluded, that the general level of nutritional and health awareness for women was average. In addition, their level of awareness was low in the following areas: (carbohydrates, fruits, and vegetables, children's nutrition, while moderate in adult nutrition, milk, and its products, proteins, and pregnant women's nutrition. The study also found that there is a positive and significant correlation between the level of women's awareness and their subjective factors represented by (their level of education, economic status, children's education, cultural contact, and husband's education), while the correlation was negative and significant with (age and number of children).

The Level of Organizational Confidence among Faculty Members in the Jordanian Universities from their Point of View

The study aimed to identify the level of organizational Confidence among faculty members in Jordanian universities from their point of view, in addition to knowing the effect of the variables (gender, university, academic rank) on the estimates of the study sample for that level. The analytical descriptive approach was used, as the study sample consisted of (520) faculty members, who were chosen in a stratified random way from the study population of (2580) faculty members, and the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the necessary data to achieve the objectives of the study. The results of the study showed that the estimates of the members of the study sample for the level of organizational confidence among faculty members were large, and that there were no statistically significant differences in the estimates of the study sample of the level of organizational confidence among faculty members attribute to the study variables. The study recommended many recommendations, including: continuing the interest of universities in the faculty member as he is the one who directs the university process, influences the souls of students, works to graduate generations qualified to work in the local community, and enhances the value of organizational trust in universities as it is an important element in achieving their goals, in addition to Study the possible mistakes made by universities in dealing with faculty members, and that this dealing must be based on justice and equality among all without discrimination.

Taylor-Spotted Cat Optimization (Taylor-SCO): An Energy-Efficient Cluster Head Selection Algorithm with Improved Trust Factor for Data Routing in WSN

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has inexpensive, small, and less energy sensor nodes, which are allocated in random ways in particular areas for measuring the phenomenon or events in that field. In recent days, WSN has played a vital role in various applications, like industrial monitoring, medical treatments, agricultural monitoring, and military operations. However, the security challenges and network lifetime are the main issues in the existing methods. In order to overcome these issues, the Taylor-Spotted Cat Optimization (Taylor-SCO) approach is devised in this paper. Here, the Cluster Heads (CHs) are selected based on the developed optimization method, named Taylor CSO. Moreover, the delay, distance, and energy parameters are considered for effective Cluster Head Selection (CHS). Here, route maintenance is also done for increasing network lifetime and reducing complexities. In addition, the Modified K-Vertex Disjoint Paths Routing (KVDPR) model is established for routing. The modification of KVDPR is carried out using several factors, such as link reliability, throughput, and various trust factors. Moreover, the developed Taylor-SCO algorithm is developed by combining the Spotted Hyena Optimizer (SHO), Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) algorithm, and Taylor series. The Taylor-SCO achieved better performance with energy consumption, trust, and throughput of 0.00037 J, 0.51, and 793160 kbps.

Secure Euclidean random distribution for patients’ magnetic resonance imaging privacy protection

Patients’ information and images transfer among medical institutes represent a major tool for delivering better healthcare services. However, privacy and security for healthcare information are big challenges in telemedicine. Evidently, even a small change in patients’ information might lead to wrong diagnosis. This paper suggests a new model for hiding patient information inside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cover image based on Euclidean distribution. Both least signification bit (LSB) and most signification bit (MSB) techniques are implemented for the physical hiding. A new method is proposed with a very high level of security information based on distributing the secret text in a random way on the cover image. Experimentally, the proposed method has high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index metric (SSIM) and reduced mean square error (MSE). Finally, the obtained results are compared with approaches in the last five years and found to be better by increasing the security for patient information for telemedicine.

Exact results for the Ising model on a small-world network

Small-world networks provide an interesting framework for studying the interplay between regular and random graphs, where links are located in a regular and random way, respectively. On one hand, the random links make the model to obey some kind of mean-field behavior. On the other hand, the links of the regular lattice make the system to retain some related non trivial correlations. The coexistence of these two features in general prevent a closed analytical treatment. Here we consider a one-dimensional small-world Ising model and derive analytically its equation of state, critical point, critical behavior, and critical correlations. Despite being one of the simplest small-world models, our exact and intuitive analysis reveals some intriguing properties.

Diversity and abundance of edible plants as non-timber forest products in Kerinci Seblat National Park, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province

Besides timber, forests also have another potential, both vegetable and non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which can be a potential food source. Forests make an essential contribution to food security and nutrition. Kerinci Seblat National Park is a conservation forest with high biodiversity, including edible plants. However, its type and abundance have been unknown. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine edible plants’ diversity, abundance, and spatial distribution in the utilization zone of Kerinci Seblat National Park. The research was conducted with purposive sampling in four utilization zones using the nested plots method, namely 20mx20m plots (tree level), 10mx10m (pole level), 5mx5m (sapling level), and 2mx2m (seedling level). From the 80 plots, we found 21 species of edible plants belonging to 18 families. Fifteen plant species were obtained from different families of each species. The remaining six species come from 3 families: Arecaceae, Zingiberaceae, and Moraceae, each having two plant species. The highest species abundance value is Etlingera coccenia, while the other 20 species have low values. Most of the edible plants’ spatial distribution patterns were clumped (52%); the rest were in random and uniform ways, 29% and 19%, respectively.

A Comparative Study of Quality of Service (QoS) Metrics in Reactive Routing Protocols DSR and AODV in Manet

This study is based on the analysis of specific Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. The acquisition of these metrics was carried out by modifying codes in C++ language within the Ns3 network simulation software. The choice of the Random Way Point mobility model contributed to the generation of metrics, which were subsequently used in the evaluation and comparison of two selected protocols, DSR and AODV. These evaluations focused on critical parameters such as Throughput, Delay, and Jitter. To conduct meaningful comparisons, three different scenarios were designed, each characterized by the variation in the number of nodes used. This approach allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the protocols' effectiveness in different MANET network configurations. Ultimately, the selection of the most accurate protocols was based on a detailed analysis of metrics in various MANET scenarios. This process provided a deeper understanding of how DSR and AODV perform in specific environments, enabling the identification of more effective protocols according to the particular demands of each scenario.

The effect of qualitative training according to zone 14 on the sensory perception and speed of tactical performance for the players of Al-Najma Sports Club in football

&#x0D; The study aimed to identify the effect of specific exercises according to zone 14 in developing sensory perception and the speed of tactical performance for soccer players. The research community was determined by Al-Najma Sports Club players for the season (2022-2023) The research sample was selected in a stratified random way, which numbered (20) players, and they were divided into two groups, control and experimental, where the experimental group was subjected to qualitative training according to area 14 within the high-intensity interval training method. Similar to competitive play in matches, it lasted (8) weeks and consisted of (3) training units. The most important thing that the researchers concluded is that the quality training according to Zone 14 is effective in exploiting spaces, receiving balls under pressure, and improving the scoring skill of football players within Zone 14.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Wireless channel-based ciphering key generation: effect of aging and treatment

Key generation for data cryptography is vital in wireless communications security. This key must be generated in a random way so that can not be regenerated by a third party other than the intended receiver. The random nature of the wireless channel is utilized to generate the encryption key. However, the randomness of wireless channels deteriorated over time due to channel aging which casing security threats, particularly for spatially correlated channels. In this paper, the effect of channel aging on the ciphering key generations is addressed. A proposed method to randomize the encryption key each coherence time is developed which decreases the correlation between keys generated at consecutive coherence times. When compared to the conventional method, the randomness improvement is significant at each time interval. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the randomness of the encrypting keys.

Design of Autoconfigurable Random Access NOMA for URLLC Industrial IoT Networking

Low power devices are massively deployed to facilitate real time sensing and data transmission requested in low power wide-area network (LPWAN). However, the dominating signaling, i.e. continuous phase modulation (CPM), barely gains attention in the context of supporting massive connectivity, not to mention ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), a primary concern in industrial network automation. To this end, auto-configurable nonorthogonal multiple access (AC-NOMA) based on CPM signaling is proposed. The term auto-configuration is used since each device selects a setup from a pool of configurations whenever connecting to the access point in a random and distributive way. It is proven, using ideal power allocation and phase shaping technique, AC-NOMA offers drastically improved user load and near capacity performance even in finite blocklength regime. Moreover, to enable massive yet sporadic access, slotted ALOHA is combined with AC-NOMA. It is proven that the resultant scheme outperforms power-domain NOMA in terms of throughput even with reduced transmit power and simple forward error correction schemes such as repetition and convolutional coding. The throughput is further improved using semi AC-NOMA with slightly increased latency. It is demonstrated that both designs can support very high user load while enabling URLLC in finite blocklength regime, where the packet size is merely 256 bits while the error rate is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-5}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , which are also desirable in a number of applications including satellite communications, visible light communications, etc.

Does the Order Matter? A Random Generative Way to Learn Label Hierarchy for Hierarchical Text Classification

Does the Order Matter? A Random Generative Way to Learn Label Hierarchy for Hierarchical Text Classification