Ramanathapuram District Research Articles

Observations on the Botany of Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu

No Abstract.

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PORTIERIA HORNEMANNII (LYNGBYE) P. C. SILVA IN MANDAPAM, RAMANADHAPURAM, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Objective: The present study intends to detect the analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Portieria hornemannii collected from Mandapam, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg) was the standard. The analgesic activity of P. hornemannii was predicted on intact rats by tail flick latency in the Tail Immersion Method. The various concentrations of the ethanolic extracts were used as 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, considering the body weight of mice. The control group received a typical saline solution. Results: The present study shows that the doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of mice) of the ethanolic extracts of P. hornemannii have brought out the analgesic activity. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that the ethanolic extracts of P. hornemannii Silva at 400 mg/kg showed more effect than the 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract.

Economics of Mundu Chilli Cultivation in Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu, India

Globally Indian chillies dominates the international chilli market. India holds the title for being the world's biggest producer, consumer, and exporter of chili. Indian chilli is considered to be world-famous for important commercial qualities of colour and pungency levels. In Tamil Nadu chilli is being cultivated as rainfed and irrigated conditions in many of the districts. In 2021-22 Tamil Nadu cultivated chilli in 0.5 lakh ha and produced 26,380 MT. In Tamil Nadu Ramanthapuram district alone cultivate Mundu type chilli which is unique in nature. In this study, economics of ramanathapuram mundu chilli is analyzed and discussed. The study uses both primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected from chillies cultivators in Ramanthapuram district during 2019-20. Based on the secondary data Kadaladi, Paramakudi and Ramnad blocks were purposively selected based on the area cultivated. The primary data with respect to costs and returns, marketing cost were collected using pre tested schedule through personnel interview method. Data pertaining to traders, processors retailers and exporters were also collected. The study says that chilli farmers incurs Rs.84,550 per hectare to cultivate mundu chilli in Ramanathapuram district and Rs.55,450 as net return and the BCR is 1.65.

Pedogenesis and Soil Resources Investigation of Major Soil Series of Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

Detailed soil survey (DSS) was carried out in drought prone district of Ramanathapuram during April 2023 to find out the weathering pattern of the soil. Totally 4 soil profiles was excavated from Mandabam, Pudukudi, Paramakudi and Muthukulathur areas and studied for soil morphological characteristics. Soil samples was collected in each horizon and analysed for soil physical characteristics, chemical constituents and weathering indices by using the standard procedures. The results showed that soil colour were ranged from dark yellowish brown to dark grey with single grain to angular to sub-angular blocky structure. Soil consistency ranged from loose, hard to very hard, firm to very firm, sticky to very sticky, plastic to very plastic in dry and moist condition. The bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate ranged from 1.19 to 1.31 Mg m-3, 0.01 to 8 cm hr-1 and 0.02 to 8 cm/hr. The variations in molar ratios and weathering intensity were seen in all the profiles. The weathering pattern of the soils from different areas of the coastal district was identified.

Importance of conserving a critical wintering ground for shorebirds in the Valinokkam Lagoon—a first study of the avifaunal distribution of the southeastern coast of India

Any new economic activity in a virgin area brings landscape changes, making it essential to document baseline biodiversity areas to understand the impacts on habitats. Avifaunal inventories are critical for previously undocumented areas, especially in a wintering site for shorebirds in the Central Asian Flyway, to formulate site- and species-specific conservation management tools. We present an annotated checklist of avifauna from the Valinokkam Lagoon in the Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu. We recorded the first baseline avifaunal data for 154 species belonging to 16 orders and 46 families from August 2016 to February 2023. Order-wise, Charadriiformes dominated the study site with 47 species; followed by Passeriformes with 39 species and Pelecaniformes with 20 species. Winter visitors constituted 37.6 % (58 species) and one Passage Migrant Rosy Starling Pastor roseus. The relative abundance indicated that 94 species were C (common), 41 species were UC (uncommon), and 19 species were Ra (rare). Eleven Near Threatened (NT) species: Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster, Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica, Great Stone-curlew Esacus recurvirostris, Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata, Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea, Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis and Red Knot Calidris canutus, one Endangered (EN) species Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris, and one unassessed Hanuman Plover Charadrius seebohmi according to the IUCN Red List category. This baseline data highlights the importance of Valinokkam Lagoon as an important wintering site in the Central Asian Flyway on the southeast coast of India for migratory shorebirds and the need for more conservation priorities for regional endemic birds like Hanuman Plover.
 

Powerline pylons: an unusual nesting success of White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin, 1788) (Aves: Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) from Ramanathapuram, southeastern coast of India

A new nesting success record of the White-Bellied Sea Eagle (WBSE), Haliaeetus leucogaster, a resident raptor belonging to the family Accipitridae is reported from a powerline pylon in the Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu. This four-month observation on a non tree nesting study recorded two chicks and false nesting pattern too.

Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of Syringodium isoetifolium against human breast cancer cell line - an in silico and in vitro study

Seagrass is a natural, renewable, and much unexplored marine resource, which are capable, and reliable sources in the field of pharmaceuticals and drug discovery. The seagrass, Syringodium isoetifolium is our target plant for the study, which was collected from the Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu.The current study is focused to evaluate the cytotoxic, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of S. isoetifolium against the human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line. The cytotoxic evaluation revealed that the extract inhibited MCF-7 proliferation with IC50 value of 230.32 μg/ml. Evaluation of MCF-7 cell cycles demonstrated that the extract arrested the cell cycle in the S phase and continued to the G2/M phase at half of the IC50 value. The extract induced apoptotic of MCF-7 cells about 30.61% which was nearly the same with aripiprazole as a positive control (52.35%). Nootkatone significantly binds to the target proteins – HSP 90 and HER2 kinase with the least binding energy was predicted as the most active anticancer compounds by a molecular docking study. In light of the findings, it can be said that the hydroalcoholic extract of S. isoetifolium has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for breast malignancies by acting as an anticancer component. It can be used as an anticancer agent on its own and/or as a scaffold for analog synthesis to develop novel anticancer agents with improved therapeutic efficacy.

Study of Palaeoclimate Reconstruction Using Sediments and Micropaleontology in the Karankadu Estuary, Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

The study of sedimentary characteristics and paleontology is very useful in assessing the past environment of a study area. The Karankadu estuary study area is considered to be one of the most ecologically diverse in the Ramanathapuram district of southern India. The sedimentological and recent foraminiferal assemblages were studied using a drill core from the estuary. Foraminifera analyses, grain size analyses, heavy mineral analyses and XRD maps were prepared for the present study. A total of 30 species were identified from the following suborders: Rotalina, Lagenina, Mollusca, Miliolina, and Textularina. Grain size analysis identified the substrate as mostly silty clay. Heavy mineral analysis identified 90% of light minerals and 10% of heavy minerals. In XRD analysis, quartz and feldspar appeared as major minerals and garnet, zircon, hypersthene, magnetite and ilmenite as minor minerals. The present study shows that the environment is more diverse due to its quiet character and less responsive to hazardous events such as floods and waves.

Sustainable and Smart Manufacturing in Paramakudi Engineering Cluster

The Paramakudi Engineering Cluster which is an induced cluster was formed during 2018 at Small Industries Development Corporation (SIDCO) Industrial Estate, Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu with 32 Micro- and Small-Enterprises has got old machineries like lathe, drilling machine, welding machine, 40 T power press. Due to the non-availability of the latest machinery, they approached the Ministry of Micro-, Small- and Medium-Enterprises (MSME), Government of India (GOI) and got grant from GOI, Government of Tamil Nadu (GOTN), then they put special purpose vehicle (SPV) contribution, got Term loan from Canara Bank and got latest machinery like shearing machine, laser cutting machine, compressor with drier, Computerised Numerical Control (CNC) press brake, Power Press, Electric Overhead Travelling (EOT) crane etc and put-up Common Facility Centre (CFC). The objective is to study the capacity utilisation (CU) of machineries and service charges (SC) collected and to study on the financial performance of enterprises on revenue generated ( Rg) and gross profit ( Pg) before and after Cluster Development Approach (CDA) in CFC. The methodology was adopted by collecting the above primary data and analysing using Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, trend analysis, regression analysis, structural equation modelling and t-test. The annual average increase in CU of machineries during various time period T from t = 1 to 4 i.e., from 2017-18 to 2021-22 (Tt) is 14.93 % [CU = 9.08 + 14.93 Tt, p = 0.23, R2 = 0.59] and an annual average decrease in service charge collected is ₹107.5 [SC = 1100–107.5 Tt, p = 0.002, R2 = 0.99]. One unit increase in CU leads to 4.4 unit decrease in service charge collected [SC = 1036.29–4.41 CU, p = 0.20, R2 = 0.63]. There is an increase in the mean value of Rg and Pg. By adopting a CDA productivity of Paramakudi Engineering Cluster is increased and also competitiveness of the enterprises in the cluster is increased to move up in the value chain. Due to CDA, MSEs in Paramakudi Engineering Cluster have adopted smart and sustainable manufacturing to reduce cost and increase profit.

Acclimatization on Biochemical Composition of the True Mangrove Species in Karankadu Mangrove Forest, Ramanathapuram District

Acclimatization on Biochemical Composition of the True Mangrove Species in Karankadu Mangrove Forest, Ramanathapuram District

Attitude Towards Online Teaching-Learning Process among the College Teachers in Ramanathapuram District

The key objective of the research is to determine the attitudes of college teachers in the Ramanathapuram district regarding the online teaching-learning process. In the present investigation, the survey method was adopted. The sample consists of 300 teachers from 20 colleges in the Ramanathapuram district. By employing a simple random sampling technique, 300 college teachers only from arts and science, B.Ed. colleges in Ramanathapuram district were identified excluding engineering colleges. To collect data, the researcher and the supervisor created and validated an attitude scale towards online teaching and learning. According to the research outcomes, there are no significant disparities among college teachers’ attitudes towards online teaching and learning processes with regard to gender, major academic fields, and technology amenities at their residences. Additionally, their attitude level was found to be average.

An annotated checklist of the avifauna of Karangadu mangrove forest, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, with notes on the site’s importance for waterbird conservation

Avifaunal inventories are crucial to the formulation of conservation and management strategies for habitats and species. An annotated checklist of the birds of the Karangadu eco-tourism area located in the Palk Bay in Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu, was prepared. We listed a total of 107 species belonging to 18 orders and 40 families. Orders Charadriiformes, Suliformes, and Pelecaniformes dominated the habitat. Among the families, Scolopacidae (10 species) was dominant, followed by Ardeidae (9), and Laridae (8). In addition, the study also documented three globally ‘Near Threatened’ species: Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, and Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus. The observed frequency of the species was: 57% (61 spp.) common, 32.7% (35 spp.) uncommon, and 10.3% (11 spp.) rare. Categorization based on the residential status of birds revealed that 31% (33 spp.) were winter visitors, and one was a passage migrant (Rosy Starling Pastor roseus). These baseline data highlight the importance of Karangadu as an important site on the southeastern coast of India for migratory shorebird conservation priorities.

Assessing spatial variability of soil and drawing location-specific management zones for coastal saline soils in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu

The production of crops in saline and alkali-degraded areas is difficult due to the heterogeneous and spatial variation of soil fertility. First, their spatial variability was analyzed and maps of the spatial distribution were created using Geostatistical techniques. The fuzzy k-mean clustering analysis was then used to define Management zones in the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu. One hundred and fifty geo-referenced soil samples (30 cm depth) were taken and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (ECe) in the saturated paste extract (USSL method), organic carbon (OC) (Walkley-Black chromic acid wet oxidation method), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (Rapid titration method) and available phosphorus and extractable micronutrients (Multinutrients extraction method), revealing significant variation in soil characteristics throughout the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district. The most significant factors, which together accounted for four principal components and 69% of the overall variability, were pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), calcium Carbonate and available zinc. According to Geostatistical analysis, the Exponential (pH, OC (organic carbon), P, Fe, Mn and Zn) and Stable (ECe) was the best fit semivariogram ordinary kriging model with weak to moderate spatial dependence. Fuzzy k-mean clustering was also used to identify zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3. For every soil property, there was a significant difference between MZ1(zone 1), MZ2(zone 2) and MZ3(zone 3). These results also showed that cluster analysis gave farmers a chance to use location-specific nutrient management strategies by minimizing variability within the zone. The management zones can decrease agricultural inputs and environmental pollutants while increasing crop productivity.

Influences of Digital Marketing in the Buying Decisions of College Students in Ramanathapuram District, Tamilnadu, India

This research investigates the influence of digital marketing channels on purchasing decisions among college students in Ramanathapuram District. The study highlights that social media marketing, online advertising, and mobile marketing exhibit substantial positive effects on purchase decisions. However, email marketing's impact appears to be more complex. Moreover, the study explores how demographic variables like gender and academic level shape these effects. Notably, freshman students display varying susceptibility to specific digital marketing messages compared to their junior, senior, or graduate counterparts. These findings offer crucial insights for marketers aiming to tailor their strategies effectively to the preferences and behaviors of college students. By understanding the differential impacts of various digital marketing channels and considering demographic nuances, marketers can refine their approaches, optimize engagement, and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of their campaigns in targeting this demographic.

Vela Ramamurthi Puthinangalil ‘Eruthugattu’

Any creator sees events, grows and lives in his own soil. Therefore, in his mind, the land of his birth, the people who lived there, and the news he saw and heard there became the raw material for his work. Writing and reading provide concentration for typing. In this way, Vela Ramamurthy, who is a native of the region, is a creator of works based on Appanadu located in Kamudi area of Ramanathapuram district. The ideas recorded in his works are diverse. This article explores and explains his records about the heroic game called Erudugatu which is held in the area.

Industries Mentioned in Somale's (S.M. Lakshmanan) Book 'Ramanathapuram District'

Somale has outlined the geographical boundaries of Ramanathapuram district by highlighting the topography mentioned by Tholkappiyam. He has also listed the industries carried out in their respective areas according to the topography. Based on this, this article examines the occupations of Ramanathapuram district 50 years ago. Depending on factors such as a country's location, climate, natural resources, etc., industries, their associated needs, and productivity vary from place to place. A variety of occupations that have changed over time from the occupations of the five types of lands mentioned in the Tolkappiyam have also been studied. Somale's ideological personality has been traced and explained with the principles of ancient Tamils based on the locations of a district. This article examines the livelihood of the people of the region, their importance, the difficulties faced by them, the growth of industries, and the quality of the economy.

SUCCESS AND FAILURE RATE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY (ART) TREATMENT WITH DIFFERENT AGE GROUP OF INFERTILE WOMEN IN RAMANATHAPURAM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

There is a mounting evidence regarding increase in female infertility during the last decades, particularly in developing country is like India. Infertility is a major problem that affect the women at an increased rate every year. The knowledge of infertility has a considerable effect on biological, psychological, and social factors for an individual or a couple. When infertility interferes with the progression as expected, people are forced to look for outside assistance in order to become pregnant. Assisted reproductive technologies can usually be used to help the couple. The present study focuses on infertility, primary involuntary infecundity, and the seeking of fertility treatment in a representative study population of women aged 18-44 years (n=510) living in the study area. The purpose of this study is to investigate and create awareness about the success and failure rate of Assisted Reproductive Technique (ART) among infertile women with support of the private infertility Centre, Ramanathapuram District. Tamil Nadu.

Assessment of Soil Fertility and Creation of Thematic Mapping in the Coastal Soils of Ramanathapuram Block, Ramanathapuram District in Tamil Nadu, India

Aims: A view of the current analysis used GPS and GIS techniques to evaluate and map the soil fertility status of the Ramanathapuram block in the Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu, India.
 Study Design: In this study, a systematic set of 100 georeferenced soil samples were collected from 100 selected villages and analyzed for 10 chemical parameters and the data along with GPS readings were used for the preparation of soil fertility maps using GIS.
 Methodology: Hundred soil samples were collected from the sixteen revenue villages of Ramanathapuram block, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu during the pre-monsoon season with lat-long coordinates by using GPS to evaluate the soil fertility. Ramanathapuram block is the middle- coastal block of Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu. 
 Results: In the present study, the mean soil values of pH (8.16), EC (0.74 dSm-1), organic carbon content (2.52 g/kg), Available N (159.36kgha-1), Available P (30.83 kgha-1), Available K (355.39kgha-1) and (Di- Ethylene Triamine Penta Acidic Acid DTPA) extractable micronutrients viz., Fe (7.21), Zn (0.16), Mn (6.46) and Cu (1.36) ppm were recorded respectively in Ramanathapuram block of Ramanathapuram district. Thematic maps pertaining to soil fertility were prepared using Arc GIS software 10.1.
 Conclusion: The georeferenced sampling sites can be revisited with the help of GPS, which helps in monitoring the soil fertility changes over long run. Further, it will be useful to the researchers, planners, policymakers, extension workers of the State Department of Agriculture, fertilizer industries, and farmers.

Analyzing the Performance of a Multi Product Producer Company in Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu

Farmer producer companies were started with the objective of increasing the income of farmers through aggregation, adoption of improved technologies and access to the service and markets. Sample Farmer Producer Company was started during 2015 and it is a multi product producer company. Financial performance is one of the important criteria for sustainability of the business by the FPCs. Hence this study was proposed with the objective of analyzing the performance of multi product Producer Company. Descriptive study was helped to full the objective of this research. Primary and secondary data were collected for analyzing the performance of sample FPC. Primary data analysis showed that sample FPC established strong forward and backward linkage. Based on t test the members of the sample FPC benefited in inputs purchase, access to farm machinery, credit, and crop insurance than the non members. Even though the company’s operational performance was better, financial performance was poor. Based on the altman Z score model results, the company will bankrupt in the near future. The external borrowing of the company limits the profitability. Hence support from the Government and better financial management will make the company financially sound in the near future.

Sharks in Sangam Literary Fishermen's Lives and Contemporary Fishermen's Lives

The Sangam literature consists of texts that explain the internal lives of peoples from five ancient Tamil land divisions. In this anthology, Neythal explains the life of the sea and the fishermen who are dependent on the sea and also describes the sea creatures of marine life. Records of fishes are also found among these species. 18 types of fish are found in this way. Similarly, the writer conducted a field survey of fishermen living in Pamban village in Rameswaram circle, Ramanathapuram district, and found 204 types of fish. The five types of fish found in Sangam literature are lobster fish, codfish, shark fish, swordfish, and sawshark fish, and they are found in the lives of modern fishermen. The main occupation of fishermen is fishing. These fishing methods were documented in Sangam literature by poets of the time. Sharks mentioned in Sangam literature are also found among fishermen living in four places: Pondicherry, Cuddalore District, Mandapam, and Pampan (Ramanathapuram District). Here, the names of these sharks, their types, their habitats, characteristics of sharks, hunting of sharks, food of sharks, breeding patterns, worship of sharks, and other uses of sharks have been investigated.