Railway Station Area Research Articles

Analysis of Need & Design of Parking Infrastructure in Traffic Prone Areas

In this project we describe the need of parking facility in Railway Station areas of Panvel city. Now a day, people & vehicles has increased in urban cities causing increment in population of Panvel City. This leads to problems in transportation system like traffic jams, increase in pollution and limited space for parking. Nowadays there is lot of traffic congestion in the railway station area. As the population is increasing day by day in the urban areas the parking facilities does not meet the supply of traffic. Which leads the users to park along roadside creating congestion for other users as well as traffic congestion. The need for parking facilities is essential in such congested areas of railway station. The questionnaire survey and detailed analysis of traffic survey and parked vehicle count are carried out to know the seriousness of parking problems in current parking situation and likewise the Proposal and solutions are put forward. KEY WORDS: Parking problem, Panvel City, Traffic congestion, Smart parking, Time-Delay

READINESS OF TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD) CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION IN PERAK’S SUBURBAN AREAS

The transit-oriented development (TOD) concept is a planning strategy in metropolitan areas that involves mixed use of land for transportation systems, especially railway stations, as the basis for planning the TOD concept. The question raised is whether suburban areas are suitable and ready to implement the TOD concept which is included in the suburban districts’ local plan. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the readiness of implementing the TOD concept model for 14 suburban railway station areas in seven of Perak’s local government administrations. The methodology used is a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, applying the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and case study method to develop the readiness model and evaluate the readiness level of the TOD concept in suburban areas. Twenty indicators from 4 key elements in the TOD readiness model were identified, such as population density, transit system, economic development, and land development potential. The findings indicated that all 14 railway stations involved have not yet achieved a 100 per cent level of readiness in implementing the TOD concept model.

Rules for the Governance of Transport and Land use Integration in High-speed Railway Station Areas in China: The Case of Lanzhou

ABSTRACT The rapid high-speed railway development in China has faced many institutional challenges for the integrated development of transport and land use in station areas. This paper aims to gain insight into the institutional rules that structure the actors’ interactions and how they influence the integrated development in station areas. The Institutional Analysis and Development framework has been applied to a specific action situation, named Lanzhou West HSR station area in China. The findings from interviews, document analysis, and field visits reveal that Chinese institutional rules obstruct interactions between actors, thereby hampering the integrated development of functions in HSR station areas.

Image-oriented design control in China: a case study from Nanjing

This paper investigates urban image-making through the lens of different sets of design control tools and mechanisms in use in the Chinese planning system before 2019. It takes the South Railway Station area of Nanjing, part of a planned new town, as the case study and examines the design and planning of the overall area, a sub-area and two selected building sites. The research offers an understanding of the performative role of urban planning in place promotion with its distinctive Chinese characteristics, which are related to the planning culture and socio-political context of China. The paper identifies a few problems resulting from an image-oriented approach to planning in the case studies. Firstly, planning strategies have stressed grandness as opposed to the human scale and wide spatial qualities. Secondly, the approach has emphasised marketability of urban images rather than the representation of socio-cultural values. The study suggests that place identity catering for the interests of ordinary citizens should be foregrounded in design control in new town development in China.

Integrating High-speed Railway Stations and Urban Areas in China

There is an increasing need for understanding the impacts of institutions on the integrated planning of transport and land use. High-speed railway (HSR) station areas, as nodes in transport networks and mixed-use areas, have become a focus in planning. The fast development of HSR station areas in China causes many problems, such as remote locations, oversized station areas, transfer difficulties, and unsustainable urban development. Facing these problems, this study aims to explore the influences of actors, decision-making processes, and institutions on the planning and development of HSR station areas in China. An analytical framework is built based on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Policy Network Theory, Institutional Analysis and Development Framework, and State Entrepreneurialism. Qualitative methods offer an effective way of investigating Chinese governance in the development of HSR station areas, including content analysis, case studies, and interviews. The findings show that HSR station areas are mainly used as a tool to promote urbanization. Both the Chinese national government and local governments have an important role to play in the planning of HSR station areas because they control different resources. Their interactions in the decision-making process, influenced by institutions, determine the location of HSR stations and the size of station areas, and lead to transfer difficulties and slow development of station areas. This dissertation reveals the causes of the development problems of Chinese HSR station areas, demonstrates the drawbacks of the current mechanism, and proposes strategies to promote the integration of transport and land use in China.

Defining the High Speed Railway Station Area Based on Continuous Spatial Statistical Regression

Defining the High Speed Railway Station Area Based on Continuous Spatial Statistical Regression

Characteristics of the evolution of the industrial structure of the high-speed railway station area under the influence of location factors

At present, the large-scale construction of the high-speed railway is in the stage of accelerated urbanization, and the industrial space of the high-speed railway station area has also emerged with many problems in its development. This paper takes the current characteristics of China's high-speed railway construction and the problems faced by the current industrial space in station areas as a starting point. Six urban central and fringe station areas are selected as research cases to explore the characteristics of location factors on the industrial structure and spatial aggregation of high-speed railway station areas. The study finds that the early service system of urban central stations is more complete than that of urban fringe stations, and the industrial structure of fringe stations changes more obviously and is more influenced by the economic impact of high-speed rail passenger flow; the increase in the number of enterprises in urban central stations and fringe station areas is spatially directional, while the overall clustering pattern shows an opposite trend.

Evaluating the Space Use of Large Railway Hub Station Areas in Beijing toward Integrated Station-City Development

With the large-scale construction of high-speed railways and the continuous increase in population flows, railway hubs are becoming the most dynamic places in cities. As a key node of intercity traffic and an important part of urban development, railway hub stations are the main carriers for the implementation of the Integrated Station-City Development (ISCD) strategy. A comprehensive evaluation of the space use of railway hub station areas can provide a basic understanding of the intensive utilization and optimization of urban space. However, existing relevant studies lack a comprehensive assessment of the compound structures and functions within large railway hub station areas at the microscopic level. Therefore, this paper was guided by integrated station-city development, relying on Geographic Information Science (GIS)technology, and big data such as Points of Interest (POI) and real-time traffic, focusing on walking accessibility, facility convenience, function compound, and land development intensity used around railway hub station areas. The uses of the station areas in four large railway hubs in Beijing were analyzed. Based on this, we built an ISCD index, combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and assessed the degree of ISCD in the four railway hubs. The study showed that among the four large railway hubs in Beijing, the Beijing North railway station offers the best walking accessibility. The Beijing railway station features the largest facility convenience, function compound, and land development intensity. In general, the levels of ISCD of the Beijing and Beijing North Railway Stations were significantly higher than those of the Beijing West and Beijing South Railway Stations.

Place quality in high-speed rail station areas: Concept definition

High-speed railway (HSR) station areas are expected to benefit urban environments, not simply as transportation or economic hubs but also as urban places contributing to living quality. However, the relationship between HSR and place quality has not received systematic attention, despite the evolution of urban planning paradigms toward a clearer focus on quality of life. We have reviewed 44 academic articles written between 1996 and 2019 and analyzed concepts of place quality spanning the disciplines of urban design, urban planning, and urban economics. We identified three dimensions commonly associated with quality of place: a spatial dimension associated with aesthetic qualities of urban spaces; a socio-cultural dimension associated with experienced “sense of place”; and an economic dimension associated with the agglomeration of economic activities. Then we worked out these three dimensions in the context of HSR station areas and attributed features accordingly. We concluded that the economic dimension far outweighs the others in academic debates, with dominant theories being primarily concerned with land use, accessibility, and economic performance. Studies from the urban design field have tackled the spatial elements of place quality and showed a strong correlation with economic dimension. However, the literature remains insufficiently developed when it comes to addressing user experience and “sense of place.”

How Do Socio-Demographic Characteristics Affect Users’ Perception of Place Quality at Station Areas? Evidence from Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Incorporating users’ experiences in transport hub (re)development has become paramount, especially in the case of (high-speed) railway stations located in central urban locations. Designing “quality” according to users’ perspectives requires that we rethink about the dimensions to be prioritized, but also consider the variegated perspectives of users. Drawing on data from a survey of 452 users of the Amsterdam Central station area in the Netherlands, the relative importance of three value perspectives (node, place, and experience) on place quality were assessed through exploratory factor analysis. Seven quality factors were identified. Furthermore, relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and quality perceptions were simultaneously analyzed using a path analysis. The outcome showed that age and gender play a key role in explaining different quality perceptions. Senior citizens attach a higher importance to basic needs and safety and advanced services, while women also find wayfinding important. Moreover, education and visiting purpose influence other aspects of place quality perception, such as shopping or transfer. These findings provide a better understanding of place quality considerations in railway station areas in general and can serve as guidelines for the improvement of Amsterdam Central station, in particular.

Unravelling Decision-Making Processes on Location Choices for High-Speed Railway Stations in China: A Comparison of Shenzhen, Lanzhou and Jingmen

ABSTRACT Most High-Speed Railway (HSR) station areas in China can be found at the urban periphery or in suburban areas, a phenomenon that has often been criticised. While debate about the influence these location choices have on the economic and sustainable development of cities rages on, little attention has been paid to the decision-making processes leading to these locations. This paper investigates these processes by comparing HSR stations in three cities: Shenzhen, Lanzhou and Jingmen. Our findings can help actors involved in making location choices develop awareness of different interests and create the conditions for successful development of HSR station areas.

Simulation of pedestrian–vehicle interference in railway station drop-off area based on cellular automata

In a drop-off area of railway station, serious interference between pedestrians and vehicles affects the traffic efficiency of the area, and causes traffic safety problems. However, research on the interference between vehicles and pedestrians in the drop-off area has not been fully explored. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes an interference model of pedestrians and vehicles in the drop off area based on cellular automata model, in which the decision-making behavior of pedestrians and the yield behavior of vehicles are both considered. To be more practical, the effect of pedestrian herding on crossing decision and the impact of the pedestrians in the waiting area on vehicle yield are also considered. The proposed model is verified by the traffic flow of Beijing West Railway Station and the traffic characteristics of the drop-off area are analyzed. In addition, the sensitivity analysis results show that pedestrians with impatience and herd mentality will aggravate the delays of vehicles. Furthermore, three strategies are proposed and verified to improve the efficiency and safety of the drop-off area. Simulation experiments indicate that adding one more drop-off lane can increase vehicle outflow by more than 40%, guiding the vehicle to choose the entrance lane can make greater use of the transportation capacity of the drop off area, and greater efficiency and safety can be achieved by directing vehicles with more passengers into the inner drop-off lane.

Typological Differences in Railway Station Areas According to Locational Characteristics: A Nationwide Study of Korea

This study aims to explore whether railway station areas can be categorized according to locational characteristics on a nationwide level and whether the typological classification is valid for planning and development. Thirty-four railway station areas across Korea are analyzed and categorized using K-means clustering analysis. The results of the analysis prove that for all locational characteristics of land use, transit accessibility, and spatial form, station areas could be categorized into urban cores and suburbs. Moreover, the typological classification according to the location of urban cores and suburbs is valid in terms of development conditions and demand. This result implies that the role of the public and private sectors must be different in setting the space and size of areas of influence, and in forming and developing their use depending on the locational characteristics of station areas. This study contributes to the discussion on diversifying the planning and development of station areas as the heart of sustainable cities by verifying the types of station areas and their differences according to locational characteristics in East Asia, including Korea.

Landscape and recreational framework of railway stations areas (topical trends analysis)

The article reviews the problems faced by the railway station areas of the largest cities in their development process. Such concepts as the landscape and recreational framework of the territory, its functions, the search for possible reserves for spatial development and improving the quality of urban environment ecological compatibility are revealed. Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the formation and functioning of the framework elements are analyzed.

A Comparison of Various Bottom-Up Urban Energy Simulation Methods Using a Case Study in Hangzhou, China

Urban energy simulation can provide valuable information to urban planning, urban energy management, and urban emission reduction. Therefore, urban energy simulation has become an active research discipline. Various urban energy simulation methods and techniques have been developed and applied to cities on different scales. A review is conducted to categorize these methods and techniques and to analyze their pros and cons. Several representative methods and techniques are compared for their data inputs, suitable scales, accuracy, and computing speeds. Hangzhou South Railway Station area, which contains 522 buildings, is used as the case to evaluate the effectiveness and challenges of different urban energy simulation methods.

Spatial ensemble prediction of hourly PM2.5 concentrations around Beijing railway station in China

Air pollution has a serious negative impact on human health and economic development. Railway stations have the maximum flow of people in a city. It is necessary to provide precise air pollution forecasting for railway station areas. In this study, a spatial ensemble model is proposed to predict hourly PM2.5 concentrations for the Beijing railway station. In the proposed model, the spatial analysis is realized by a spatial feature selection and a spatial ensemble. The spatial feature selection method can recognize the correlated monitoring sites around the Beijing railway station and rank them. An optimization method is utilized to optimize the weighting coefficients of different correlated sites. Base predictors of different correlated sites are integrated according to the weighting coefficients. Besides, a data decomposition method is also utilized to enhance the performance of the spatial model. In this study, data processing methods and spatial analysis methods are combined with each other to build the spatial ensemble model. Four quarters of PM2.5 concentration data are utilized to verify the effectiveness and stability of the proposed model. The proposed spatial ensemble model can outperform other comparison models.

Analysis of pedestrian design criteria of Padalarang railway station area

Wilayah Padalarang saat ini dikenal sebagai kawasan bermobilitas tinggi. Di wilayah ini terdapat Stasiun Kereta Api dan terminal sebagai titik simpul moda transportasi publik. Kawasan sekitar Stasiun Kereta Api ini mengalami penurunan kualitas fisik lingkungan dan visual akibat pertumbuhan bangunan liar, sektor informal, terutama dengan adanya fungsi pasardan terminal. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui pendekatan pengembangan yang berorientasi pada sistem transit (Transit Oriented Development), yang mengintegrasikan sistem jaringan jalan (moda transportasi massal dan pedestrian. Perkembangan tak teratur tersebut memicu permasalahan lingkungan kawasan. Salah satunya adalah jalur pedestrian yang kurang mendapatkan perhatian. Sementara jalur pedestrian dalam konteks perumahan warga, pasar, stasiun dan terminal memiliki peran penting bagi mereka sebagai kegiatan utama. Jalur pedestrian di Indonesia hingga kini masih selalu menjadi perdebatan yang belum selesai. Isu penting dalam merencanakan sistem jalur pedestrian dalam konsep pengembangan ini adalah bagaimana merencanakan jalur pedestrian yang walkable dan responsif, yaitu berorientasi pada pengguna trotoar. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan studi kasus di lapangan melalui survey, observasi dan mapping kondisi fisik lingkungan, serta wawancara para stakeholder. Hasil penelitian ini ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pemerintah dan perancang kebijakan dalam menata wilayah Stasiun Kereta Api Padalarang.

Measurement and Evaluation of Sound Intensity at The Medan Railway Station Using a Sound Level Meter

Trains are means of transportation that are used by people to avoid traffic congestion. However, train stations are also most frequently exposed to noise. This is due to the sound intensity of the operational activities in the location. Passengers and station officers are environmental components exposed to noise. In this study, the value of sound intensity level at the railway station of Medan city is measured using Sound Level Meter. This measurement was carried out for six days. The highest sound intensity level for the train departures is 96,67 dB and for the train arrival is 96,66 dB. Meanwhile, the lowest sound intensity level of train departures is 81,41 dB and the arrival of trains is 83,75 dB. It was found that the high level of sound intensity is sourced from the friction of the wheels with the rail surface, notification speakers and train horns. The results of this study can be used to find the most appropriate solution to reduce the noise level in the railway station area.

Impact of carrying capacity on the functioning of the railway network

Traffic flows associated with the movement of passengers and goods, characterized by traffic intensity, speed, direction and other factors are closely interrelated. The planned traffic intensity of these flows is de-termined by calculating the carrying capacity of the elements of the transport system or links in the delivery chains. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the throughput capacity of a railway line, rail-way station, railway stations and landside areas, airports, and highways. Calculated dependencies, used to determine the carrying capacity of transport infrastructure facilities, have been carry out. It is shown that the throughput (capacity) of infrastructure facilities is focused, most of all, on the volume of cargo transportation in various industries. The factors that must be take into account when determining the conditions for further de-velopment and increasing the capacity of transport infrastructure elements are noted. All calculation methods are reduced to determining the maxi-mum permissible volume of cargo transportation (in passenger traffic, - passengers) that can be passed (processed) by an infrastructure object per unit (for a certain period) of time in the considered road transport and weather and climatic conditions.

What caused differential impacts on high-speed railway station area development? Evidence from global nighttime light data

The capability of High-Speed Rail (HSR) to influence urban development has received considerable attention. However, due to lack of statistical data, there are few studies examining HSR-led urban development from a national perspective. Using the brightness of nighttime lights as a proxy for economic development, this manuscript begins to offer a more complete picture of development around 124 HSR station areas in China. Moreover, the manuscript explores the causes of different development patterns among China's HSR station areas. Empirical results reveal three main findings. 1) HSR station areas with high nighttime light brightness are mainly located in Beijing, Tianjin, Yangtze River delta city cluster and Pearl River delta city cluster. HSR station areas with relatively rapid growth in nighttime light brightness are mostly distributed in Hebei province, Henan province and Anhui province. 2) The level of urban economic development, the level of city rank and the location of HSR stations are three important factors affecting the development of HSR station areas. 3) The factors affecting the development of new and existing HSR station areas are distinct from one another. The influence of the overall urban economic development level on the development of new HSR station areas is larger than such influence on existing station areas where HSR has been added to existing infrastructure. The level of city ranking and the location of HSR stations significantly affect the development around new HSR stations, but have no significant impact on the development surrounding pre-existing HSR stations.