Railway Sites Research Articles

ZELENI KORIDORI KAO ELEMENT URBANOG PLANIRANJA: POGLED IZ TREBINJA

Rad istražuje mogućnost unapređenja kvaliteta života i prirodnog okruženja u procesu razvoja gradovaplaniranjem zelene infrastrukture na lokacijama napuštenih željezničkih koridora. Teoretsko istraživanjeobuhvata elaboraciju definicije, funkcije i podjele zelenih koridora sa naglašavanjem njihovih ekoloških,socio-ekonomskih i zdravstvenih beneficija kako za pojedinca tako i zajednicu, koje se prije svega odnosena podsticanje očuvanja kulturnog i prirodnog nasljeđa, promociju zdravog načina života i održivogekološkog turizma. Preispitani su osnovni aspekti razvojnih procesa gradova, a poseban akcenat je stavljenna urbanu matricu Trebinja. U posljednjoj etapi razvojnih tokova Trebinje je pod snažnim uticajemopštih društveno-političkih promjena koje su ga postavile u sasvim drugi kontekst prostorno-funkcionalnihrelacija u odnosu na okruženje. Uspostavljanjem snažnih državnih granica Bosne i Hercegovine iHrvatske je onemogućen istorijski kontinuitet razvoja grada oslonjen na saobraćaje, trgovačke i kulturneveze sa južnim zaleđem. Smanjene ekonomske aktivnosti i radikalna promjena privredne strukture grada,uzrok su napuštanja proizvodnih kapaciteta, a samim tim stvaranja značajnih prostornih resursa ibraunfild lokacija. Istraživanje je fokusirano na poligon nekadašnje željezničke stanice Trebinje. Ovajneaktivni željeznički koridor ukazuje na mogućnost transformacije u linearni park, sa ciljem postizanjaekoloških, socio-ekonomskih i zdravstvenih beneficija, jer vrijednost gradskog prostora zavisi odkvantitativnog, ali i kvalitativnog udjela pejzaža u fizičkoj strukturi grada. Dakle, rezultati teoretskogistraživanja ovog rada su aplicirani kroz diskurs o razvoju i dizajnu zelene infrastrukture na konkretnojstudiji slučaja.

A simple method to assess replacement period of polyurethane railpad in urban railway

The service life of polyurethane railpads used in urban railways was investigated using static stiffness, thermal accelerated, fatigue, and thermal repeated loading tests. Railpads subjected to repetitive train loads and temperature changes were collected from railway sites to determine the static stiffness as a function of usage time. The stiffness of new railpads showed nonlinear behavior, unlike the linear behavior of used railpads. Thermal repeated loading tests were performed to investigate the accelerated degradation of the railpad exposed to thermal and nonthermal loading conditions. The acceleration factor and relationship between usage time and number of cyclic loads were used to predict the replacement period.

나노재료 기반 페인트형 발열코팅 기술의 동절기 철도현장 적용성 평가

나노재료 기반 페인트형 발열코팅 기술의 동절기 철도현장 적용성 평가

Influence of Multiple Linear Infrastructure on Diversity of Small Mammals in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

The need for rapid development in developing countries has led to establishment of major public infrastructure even in biodiversity rich protected areas. Mikumi National Park in central Tanzania is traversed by five such major infrastructures namely an optic fibre, a busy public road, an oil pipeline, power lines and railways. We assessed diversity and abundance of small terrestrial mammals of the order Eulipotyphla and Rodentia as indicator groups in relation to impacts of such infrastructure. Animals were live trapped during wet (February-April) and dry (July- September) seasons in 2018 from three established plots along the three transects set perpendicular to each of the four infrastructures. In 10102 trap nights, we captured 453 small mammals of nine species of which Mastomys natalensis constituted 75.4 % of total catch. Diversity and abundance varied between seasons, infrastructure and plots location. Dry season had significantly higher diversity than wet season and the railway site had higher diversity than the other infrastructure. The intermediate plots (500 m from infrastructure) had significantly higher abundance of animals than immediate (0-50 m) and distant (1000 m) plots. The differences in these results can be attributed by seasonal fluctuations of animal populations, and intensity of disturbance in each infrastructure and plot. It is important to examine impacts of future infrastructure developments using small mammals.

Investigation of the Influence of Aerotechnogenic Pollution on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Plant-Soil System

It is shown that the chemical composition of the litter falls and wood of deciduous and coniferous trees is different. On the background of aerotechnogenic pollution, accumulation of individual heavy metals, an increase in ash content was noted. There was revealed the anthropogenic dynamics of the accumulation of heavy metals in the wood of trees: the maximum number during the period of diesel traction; as the railway site is electrified, the accumulation of elements decreases. The obtained data can be recommended to be used for phytoremediation at sites subject to pollution. The obtained data will be the basis for assessing the phytoextractive potential of woody plants, in diagnosing aero-technogenic pollution of the environment, solving the problem of reducing environmental risks, as well as during the modernization and planning of environmental measures in the field of railway infrastructure.

Analysis of factors evident in the relation between railways and the incidence of dysentery using linear regression

Dysentery is a major infectious diseases that affects public health and the quality of life in Jiangsu Province. Since the development of the railways, the incidence of dysentery in the general population living near railway lines has increased. This research investigates the relationship between the geographical distribution of the railways and the incidence of dysentery in Jiangsu Province, and suggests a method for predicting dysentery in such areas. We used previously published literature, statistics, and known physiological properties of Shigella to analyse bacterial dysentery data for Jiangsu Province for the period from 2001 to 2012. The results indicate that railways could be indicative of the transmission of dysentery. Analysis of the incidence of dysentery in relation to the distribution of the railways using linear regression found that the incidence of dysentery in Jiangsu Province for 2001–2012 was linearly related to the buffer distance from the particular railway line. Furthermore, both regression parameters were affected by meteorological parameters, and the railway site was linearly related to the incidence of dysentery in cities along the railway.

Structural Improvement of the ω‐Type High‐Speed Rail Clip Based on a Study of Its Failure Mechanism

In the circumstances of high‐speed railways, the wheel‐rail vibration is significantly aggravated by polygonal wheel wear and rail corrugation, which subsequently leads to the wheel‐rail interaction at higher frequencies and potential failure of the rail fastening. In this paper, a ω‐type clip of the fastening in the CRH high‐speed rail was used to investigate the failure mechanism. First, a dynamic wheel‐rail coupling model and a finite element analysis of the rail clip were developed, from which the rail vibration frequency and modal frequencies of the clip with different installation torques were obtained. The experimental tests and modal simulation results were mutually verified. In addition, the real‐time vibration measurement and the wheel‐rail wear monitoring were carried out at a CRH high‐speed railway site. It was found that the resonant frequencies of the ω‐type clip in the installation condition coincided with the excitation frequencies of the wheel‐rail interaction induced by wheel‐rail wear. The high‐frequency dynamic failure mechanism of a typical ω‐type clip, W300‐1, is put forward for the first time. Moreover, a high‐frequency rail clip fatigue test system was designed and developed specifically for this study. The loading excitation frequency of the clip test used was set as 590 Hz, and the loading amplitude was 0.05 mm. After 125‐minute operation of the test system, the clip was broken at the expected location predicted by the FEA model. The high‐frequency fatigue test result further verified that the failure mechanism of the ω‐type clip was due to the resonance of the clip with its excitation force from the wheel‐rail interaction. Finally, the clip was then structurally improved taking into account the stiffness and mass, which led to its resonant frequencies shifting away from the high‐frequency excitation range, hence avoiding resonance failure of the subject clip.

Simulation modelling of the rolling stock axle test-bench

Wheelset axles are essential parts of railway and mine site rolling stock. For fatigue testing of axles, various test-benches are designed to implement the cyclic loads. The effectiveness of test-bench vibration analysis grows with the use of numerical approach and simulation models created with the aid of visual programming tools. The purpose of the work is to develop and assess the proposed simulation models of test-bench dynamics created with the aid of visual programming tools. Based on mathematical models, the test-bench simulation models of the lever system vibration have been developed. Simulation models are created with the aid of Simulink visual programming tools running under Matlab system. For modelling the components of Simulink, the SimMechanics and DSP System Toolbox Libraries are used. The comparative analysis of proposed models has been made. For the first time, with the aid of Simulink visual programming tools, the set of test-bench vibration simulation models has been obtained in steady-state and transient motion modes for linear task formulation. The proposed S-models allow automation and visualization of the motion dynamics study for test-bench components in order to determine their rational elastic-weight, kinematic and dynamic behavior. Simulation of vibrations was carried out using design parameters of the test-bench metal framework.

Benefit–Cost Analysis of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in a Railway Site

Recent technological improvements have made substantial changes in construction industry. In specific, some technical applications, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), open up many possibilities. Some studies have articulated the use of BIM and its advantages in construction, but most of them are theoretical, not practical. This study is to provide an insight to obstacles in BIM research. By investigating a real project that could utilize BIM in planning and construction phases, the authors try to investigate a possible outline of advantages in BIM implementation. The study area was set to a railway construction site in South Korea. The site covers multiple railway tracks, stations, telecommunication facilities, infrastructure facilities, railway structures, and so on. In the site, the authors have identified 12 errors in 7 projects that could be prevented if BIM was utilized before the construction. The total upfront costs required to provide a BIM for the seven projects was $116,348. On the other hand, the total costs required to fix the errors in the seven projects was $166,486. This can be regarded as the benefit of using BIM, because if BIM was implemented then the associated errors could easily be replaced. Therefore, the benefit–cost ratio can be estimated as 1.32 for one-month delay and 1.36 for a three-month delay.

Railway express freight train service sites planning: a two-stage entropy-TOPSIS approach

ABSTRACTIn order to select the railway express freight train service sites under the condition of modern logistics in China, the railway express site planning indexes are established, including the third-party logistics market demand environment of Second-level Logistics Area (SLA), the railway development strength of SLA, the traffic connection in SLA, the national policies and strategies coverage in SLA and the railway connection situation among the First-level Logistics Areas (FLA). Then a proposed two-stage Entropy-TOPSIS approach is applied based on the collected historical data of the index system. According to the planning results, Beijing, Harbin, Xi'an, Wuhan, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Taiyuan are selected as the 8 First-class Railway Express Logistics Bases (FRELBs), and other 28 cities are selected as the Second-class Railway Express Logistics Centers (SRELCs) in China.

Trains do not vanish: the ROADEF/EURO challenge 2014

The ROADEF/EURO challenge is a contest jointly organized by the French Operational Research and Decision Aid society (ROADEF) and the European Operational Research society (EURO). The contest has appeared on a regular basis since 1999 and always concerns an applied optimization problem proposed by an industrial partner. The 2014 edition of the ROADEF/EURO challenge was led by the Innovation & Research department of SNCF, a global leader in passenger and freight transport services, and infrastructure manager of the French railway network. The objective of the challenge was to find the best way to store and move trains on large railway sites, between their arrivals and departures. Since trains never vanish and traffic continues to increase, in recent years some stations have been having real congestion issues. Train management in large railway sites is of high interest for SNCF, which is why it was submitted to the operations research community as the industrial problem for the 2014 edition of the ROADEF/EURO challenge. This paper introduces the special section of the Annals of Operations Research volume devoted to the ROADEF/EURO challenge 2014, as well as the methods of the finalist teams and their results.

IoT 기반 철도차량 실내 환경 모니터링 시스템의 철도현장 적용성 평가

IoT 기반 철도차량 실내 환경 모니터링 시스템의 철도현장 적용성 평가

Study of the Impact of a High-Speed Railway Opening on China’s Accessibility Pattern and Spatial Equality

China’s high-speed rail was inaugurated in 2008; it has greatly improved accessibility, and reduced the time required to travel between cities, but at the same time, has caused an unfair distribution of accessibility levels. Therefore, this paper analyzes urban traffic roads and socio-economic statistics, using network analysis methods, accessibility coefficients of variation, and social demand indexes to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of transport accessibility and spatial equity in China. By 2015, the national transport accessibility level will form a new pattern of “corridors” and “islands”, centered on high-speed rail lines and sites. Additionally, the opening of high-speed railways has improved, to a certain extent, the inter-regional accessibility balance, and increased accessibility from high-speed railway sites to non-site cities. Spatial equality was also analyzed using the accessibility coefficient and social demand index. In conclusion, studying accessibility and spatial equity plays an important role in the rational planning of urban land resources and transportation.

Genetic basis and evolution of rapid cycling in railway populations of tetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa.

Spatially structured plant populations with diverse adaptations provide powerful models to investigate evolution. Human-generated ruderal habitats are abundant and low-competition, but are challenging for plants not adapted to them. Ruderal habitats also sometimes form networked corridors (e.g. roadsides and railways) that allow rapid long-distance spread of successfully adapted variants. Here we use transcriptomic and genomic analyses, coupled with genetic mapping and transgenic follow-up, to understand the evolution of rapid cycling during adaptation to railway sites in autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa. We focus mostly on a hybrid population that is likely a secondary colonist of a railway site. These mountain railway plants are phenotypically similar to their cosmopolitan cousins. We thus hypothesized that colonization primarily involved the flow of adaptive alleles from the cosmopolitan railway variant. But our data shows that it is not that simple: while there is evidence of selection having acted on introgressed alleles, selection also acted on rare standing variation, and new mutations may also contribute. Among the genes we show have allelic divergence with functional relevance to flowering time are known regulators of flowering, including FLC and CONSTANS. Prior implications of these genes in weediness and rapid cycling supports the idea that these are “evolutionary hotspots” for these traits. We also find that one of two alleles of CONSTANS under selection in the secondary colonist was selected from rare standing variation in mountain populations, while the other was introgressed from the cosmopolitan railway populations. The latter allele likely arose in diploid populations over 700km away, highlighting how ruderal populations could act as allele conduits and thus influence local adaptation.

A Study of How High-Speed Railway Affects County Industry Development

Since the first Chinese high-speed railway was built in 2008, the high-speed railway industry has developed rapidly recently. Based on “China railway yearbook”, The map of China’s railway network, “China statistical yearbook” in county level, and the “China Regional Economic Statistics Year book”, we collect and sort out the various economic and society indexes of the county in China, and we set up the national city at the county level panel data, using Two-way Fixed Effect model to estimate the policy effect on the county which built the high-speed railway station. Based on the research of panel date, we can get several conclusions. Firstly, building a high-speed railway will promote the economic growth of the cities at the county level. Secondly, the opening of high-speed railway has positive and significant policy effect on the three main industries of county-level cities, especially the development of tertiary industry. Finally, the construction of high-speed rail has a strong policy impact on the county-level cities in the four regions of the eastern, western, central and northeastern regions. Among them, the construction of a high-speed railway site will promote the economic growth of the county-level high-speed rail station cities in the central region and the policy effect on the development of the tertiary industry is the strongest.

A combination of ferric nitrate/EDDS-enhanced washing and sludge-derived biochar stabilization of metal-contaminated soils

In this study, soil washing and stabilization as a two-step soil remediation strategy was performed to remediate Pb- and Cu-contaminated soils from shooting range and railway sites. Ferric nitrate (Fe(NO3)3) and [S,S]-ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS) were used as washing agents, whereas three types of sludge-derived biochars and phosphogypsum were employed as soil stabilizers. While Fe(NO3)3 extracted larger amounts of metals compared to EDDS (84% Pb and 64% Cu from shooting range soil; 30% Pb and 40% Cu from railway site soil), it caused severe soil acidification. Both Fe(NO3)3 and EDDS washing enhanced the mobility of residual metals in the two soils, which in most cases could be mitigated by subsequent 2-month stabilization by sludge-derived biochars or phosphogypsum. By contrast, the metal bioaccessibility could only be reduced by soil washing. Nutrient-rich sludge-derived biochar replenished available P and K in both soils, whereas Fe(NO3)3 washing provided available nitrogen (N). Soil amendment enhanced acid phosphatase activity but marginally improved soil dehydrogenase and urease activity in the treated soils, possibly due to the influence of residual metals. This study supported the integration of soil washing (by Fe(NO3)3 or EDDS) with soil stabilization (by sludge-derived biochars or phosphogypsum) for accomplishing the reduction of metal mobility and bioaccessibility, while restoring the environmental quality of the treated soils.

From state restructuring to urban restructuring: The intermediation of public landownership in urban development projects in France

Many urban development projects (UDPs) in Europe take place on lands belonging to public bodies and administrations, and publicly owned firms. Yet, the literature has failed to explain why a substantial proportion of the remaking of European cities is shaped on public properties, and with what outcomes. My underlying hypothesis is that the redevelopment of such properties depends primarily on the restructuring of the state. Firstly, this paper provides evidence of the relationships between three dynamics of state restructuring and the disposal of public land and real estate properties owned by one sector of the French state, that is, the railways. Secondly, the paper focuses on two UDPs of railway sites, respectively located in Paris and Nantes, in order to disclose the specificity of the redevelopment process associated with public railway properties, due to the socio-legal infrastructure of railway land disposal stemming from these dynamics. The paper demonstrates that (i) state restructuring impels various levels and organisations of the state to redevelop public land and real estate properties; and (ii) the effects of state restructuring can be explained only by analysing the mediating role of the socio-legal infrastructure of these properties, which frames the processes and outcomes of the redevelopment projects. In so doing, the paper offers a specific account of the explanatory factors, processes and outcomes of the relationship between state restructuring and a significant proportion of the restructuring of urban areas in Europe.

Two-phase heuristic for SNCF rolling stock problem

A two-phase approach was adopted to solve the problem given during the ROADEF/EURO Challenge 2014 competition. The problem focuses on rolling stock management at railway sites, as defined by French Railways (SNCF). In the first phase, a train assignment problem is solved by combining a greedy heuristic procedure with integer programming. The objective is to maximize the number of assigned departures while meeting technical constraints. The second phase consists of scheduling train movements inside the station while minimizing the number of cancelled (uncovered) arrivals and departures. This schedule has to comply with resource constraints such as capacity, length, order of trains, etc. A constructive heuristic is used to build a feasible schedule, which is subject to improvement by an iterative procedure based on a local search. Experiment results, that demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the large scale instances provided by SNCF, are presented hereafter.

The identification of hazards concerning the character of construction works on railway sites in Poland

Czasopismo Techniczne » 2017 » Volume 5 » Identyfikacja zagrożeń wynikajÄ cych ze specyfiki robót budowlanych na obiektach kolejowych w Polsce A A A

현장모형실험을 통한 자갈궤도와 콘크리트궤도의 동결심도 및 동상량 측정

철도 현장에 실험용 자갈궤도와 콘크리트궤도를 설치한 후 겨울철에 동결심도와 동상량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 같은 동결지수일 때 자갈궤도보다 콘크리트궤도의 동결심도가 깊게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 또한 자갈궤도는 하부에 XPS, PE골재층을 포설할 경우 동결심도가 크게 감소하였고, 콘크리트궤도에서는 입도조정층의 두께를 늘릴 경우 동결심도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 동상량 역시 자갈궤도에서는 하부에 XPS, PE골재층을 설치할 경우 감소하였고, 콘크리트궤도에서는 입도조정층의 두께를 증가시킬 경우 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Experimental ballast track and concrete track were installed on the railway site and the frost penetration depth and the frost heave amount in the winter were measured. As a result, when the freezing index was the same, the frost penetration depth of concrete track was deeper than that of ballast track. Furthermore, when an XPS and polyethylene aggregate layer was installed below the ballast track, the frost penetration depth of the ballast track decreased significantly; in the case of the concrete track, the frost penetration depth decreased when the thickness of the subbase increased. Meanwhile, the frost heave amount also decreased when an XPS and polyethylene aggregate layer was installed below the ballast track ; in the case of the concrete track, the frost heave amount decreased when the thickness of the subbase increased.