Railway Highways Research Articles

RESEARCH OF WORKING PROCESS OF SLANTING DUMP WORKING ORGAN WITH A BLADE SPHERICAL THROWER FOR THE GUIDED LATERAL PORTAGE OF SOIL

Raising of problem. At the production of earthmovings one of determinatives of choice of earthmovers for their implementation are geometrical sizes, form and volumes of earthen building. Among them extensive objects are widespread as embankments and washtubs for and railway highways, reclamative channels, and also earthmovings on moving away of superficial layers of black earth, reverse filing up of trenches, building of defensive objects. Also operating works on winter maintenance of highways are charac-terized by an extent. Implementation of the indicated works in most cases requires transferring of soil from backlogs in earthen building at erection of embankment, reverse filing up or vice versa at building of channels, ditches, layer cutting away of soil with his moving away. It is known that considerably the use of earth-moving-transport machines of continuous action allows to promote the productivity of implementation of earthmovings in these cases to the serial standards of that bulldozers behave from by a by a braid dump, motor-graders, грейдер-элеваторы. They are able to provide cutting away of soil and his lateral moving. However a sub-stantial lack of earth-moving-transport machines with by a braid dump is impossibility of portage of soil on considerable distance for his limits. Distance of lateral portage of soil of грейдер-элеватором is limited long conveyer. The increase of distance and height of landfilling creates the necessity of increase of overall sizes and weight of machine from lengthening of conveyer, that does a machine heavy, bulky, unturning and inef-fective. One of directions of improvement of machines for earthmovings introduction of intensifiers allowing to increase the productivity and distance of lateral portage of soil. Therefore an increase of efficiency of dump working organs due to introduction of intensifiers for the increase of distance and change of direction of lateral portage of soil is the issue of the day. The purpose of the article. Increase of efficiency of the guided lateral portage of soil by a braid dump due to the use of blade spherical thrower. Conclusion. By the results of tests in the laboratory terms of physical model of the offered construction of косоустановленного of dump working organ with a blade spherical thrower for the guided lateral portage her capacity is confirmed and physical essence of working process is set. The executed theoretical researches of working process of digging of soil allowed to get mathematical models for determination of geometrical, kinematics and power parameters of working organ and development of methodology his engineer calculation.

Почвы и почвенный покров в зоне влияния аэротехногенных выбросов целлюлозно-бумажного производства

An assessment of the ecological state of soils of terrestrial ecosystems (lichen pine forests, bilberry pine forests, bilberry spruce forests) located in the gradient of aerotechnogenic impact of JSC «Mondi Syktyvkar Timber Industry Complex» was carried out. The peculiarities of changes in the physical and chemical parameters of soils depending on the soil type and the level of exposure to gas and dust emissions of the enterprise are revealed. It is established that at the present stage, the influence of the JSC «Mondi Syktyvkar Timber Industry Complex» on the soils of terrestrial ecosystems is traced mainly in the impact zone, which is characterized by a complex anthropogenic impact (the presence of settlements, agricultural and industrial enterprises, automobile and railway highways, etc). The transformation of soil properties in the impact zone is manifested in: a) a change in the acid-base state of soils towards alkali-nization; b) an increase in the iron and hydrocarbons concentration compared to the soils of background sites; c) exceeding in individual soil samples of MAC and APC criteria for manganese (1.0 ÷ 5.7 MAC(Mn) and arsenic (1.0 ÷ 1.7 APC(As). The revealed increase in the Zn content (1 ÷ 2 APC(Zn) in selected soil samples is most likely due to natural causes - the entry of Zn into the soil during the decomposition of wood residues. Accumulation of water-soluble components of gas and dust emissions of JSC «Mondi Syktyvkar TIC» in soils has not been revealed. At the bioclimatic conditions of the taiga zone, they are easily washed out of light granulometric soils, occupying automorphic positions of landscapes.

Scheme Transportations of Solid Municipal Waste on Remote Objects of Processing

The comparative analysis of technical and economic efficiency of the existing ways of transportation of municipal solid waste provided in article showed that any of them doesn't meet ecologic-and-economic requirements of delivery of large-tonnage streams on distances, big 100 km. For increase of profitability of transportation of municipal solid waste on long distances proposed the new combined scheme of delivery with use of both automobile, and railway transport is offered. As showed model economic-mathematical calculations, costs of export of identical quantity on identical distance in the offered combined way below costs of transportations so-so tonnage and/m transport by 6,56 times, largely tonnage — by 2,25 times, and by rail — by 1,08 times. Thus the combined way completely keeps the existing city system of export municipal solid waste. The existing railway systems in the cities allow forming structures, and placement of stations for recharge of municipal solid waste is possible at nodal cargo stations of railway highways out of the residential zone.