Sprouting Research Articles

A fluorescent Salamo-Salen-Salamo-Zn(II) sensor for bioimaging and biosensing H2PO4- in Zebrafish and plants

A newly designed and synthesized Salamo-Salen-Salamo-Zn(II) complex sensor (sensor ZT) was extensively explored for anion sensing studies. The selectivity and sensitivity of the sensor ZT towards H2PO4- ions were based on ICT and CHEF effects, and via displacement pathways in DMSO/H2O (9:1, v/v) medium in the presence of other anions like, PO43-, HPO42- and P2O74- in a short time, separately. The prepared ZT sensor has excellent association constant and low detection lines. The sensing mechanism and binding mode of the sensor were studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy, HR-MS, 1H NMR titration and theory calculations (DFT & TD-DFT) for analytes. The time response and stability of the sensor are also given. Meanwhile, the sensor ZT can be widely used as a simple and effective solid-state optical sensor to detect H2PO4- by intuitive fluorescence changes. In addition, besides the environment can be used as a powerful instrument for detecting H2PO4-, based on the good biocompatibility and tissue permeability of ZT, effectively monitoring H2PO4- in cellular distribution by confocal microscopy using Zebrafish and bean sprout.

All-naturally structured tough, ultrathin, and washable dual-use composite for fruits preservation with high biosafety evaluation

This work develops a sustainable and global strategy to enhance fruit preservation efficacy. The dual-use composite coating or film comprises silk fibroin/cellulose nanocrystals (SF/CNC) with superior ductility through a synergistic plasticizing effect of glycerol and natural aloe-emodin powder (AE) as antimicrobial agents. To confirm our strategy, two common fruit preservation materials (edible surface coating-SCA-CS; packaging film-SCA-PF) and five different fruits (strawberries, bananas, apples, blueberries, and guavas) have been used. Moreover, SCA-CS coating with antibacterial and antioxidant activities formed an ultrathin layer on the fruit's surfaces with a thickness of 7.7 μm and could be easily washable. Therefore, bananas and strawberries' shelf-life with SCA-CS coating can be extended for 9 days and 6 days, respectively. The discharge water of SCA-CS has excellent biosafety in an indoor environment with no threat to plant health (microgreens bean sprouts germination as a case study). The plant exhibited positive results within 15 days, and leaves maintained their green color with a germination rate of 97.6 %. The toughness of SCA-PF film increased by 14,685.7 % with a water vapor transmission rate (WPTR) of 17 g mm m−2 day−1, which confirms that the concept of SCA-PF film and SCA-CS coating are feasible to be used for fruit preservation/packaging.

Evaluation of DNA extraction methods for the detection of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in food by polymerase chain reaction

Reported food-borne outbreaks of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have involved a very diverse range of foods. Contemporary analytical methods for the detection of STEC in foods typically include PCR screening of enrichment media. However, PCR inhibitors present in food enrichments can produce false negative results when screening for DNA sequences associated with the pathogen. To avoid false negative results in enrichment screening, it is advantageous to have DNA extraction methods that are effective at removing PCR inhibitors from a wide range of foods. The standard Canadian STEC method MFLP-52 uses Bio-Rad Instagene Matrix for DNA extraction. In this study, three DNA extraction protocols using commercial kits (Instagene Matrix with Beckman Coulter Ampure XP Beads; Qiagen Gentra Puregene Yeast/Bact. Kit; Qiagen DNeasy Blood & Tissue) were assessed as alternative DNA extraction methods for the detection of the Shiga toxin gene by PCR in enrichments from sixteen different foods inoculated with STEC O157. The inoculated foods were bean sprouts, blackberries, blue cheese, cilantro, cocoa powder, coleslaw, cream of mushroom dried soup mix, cream of vegetable dried soup mix, flaxseed, guacamole, peanut butter, soft cheese, soy butter, spinach, walnut, and wheat flour. Two of the protocols, Instagene Matrix with Ampure XP Beads, and Gentra Puregene Yeast/Bact, produced no false-negative or false positive results in the analysis of triplicate enrichment samples from sixteen inoculated foods.

Inhibition of cis-3-hexenal on lipoxygenase and its elicitation on the production of astragalosides and isoflavonoids by adventitious roots of Astragalus mongholicus

Among green leaf volatiles (GLVs), cis-3-hexenal is labile but versatile in volatile defensive chemicals. However, it remains elusive whether and how cis-3-hexenal functions in medicinal plants. In this study, its potentials were explored in Astragalus mongholicus by using its adventitious roots as raw material. The results showed that cis-3-hexenal was the strongest inhibitor on lipoxygenase (LOX) and 0.18 nmol cis-3-hexenal completely suppressed the enzyme per μg crude protein. The suppression was confirmed by the significantly decreased specific LOX activity in the adventitious roots cultured in the medium containing 12.5, 50, and 200 μM cis-3-hexenal. Dose-dependent elicitation of cis-3-hexenal on astragalosides and flavonoids was also detected. In detail, 12.5 and 50 μM cis-3-hexenal were more inductive on the production of astragalosides including astragaloside Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, cyclocephaloside Ⅱ, and isoastragaloside Ⅰ, while 200 μM cis-3-hexenal was more effective on ononin, calycosin and its glycoside. Besides, cis-3-hexenal was inhibitory on LOX from mung bean and soybean sprouts, and relatively stable when stored at low temperature in the solutions with higher concentrations. In summary, cis-3-hexenal was inhibitory and inductive in A. mongholicus, indicating the involvement of the chemical in quality formation and its potentials in the tissue culture of medicinal plants, especially these with higher LOX activity.

Microbial Profiles and Patterns of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates from Edible Sprouts of Flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a plant-based food that provides healthy fat, antioxidants, and fiber. It is referred to as a "functional food" by certain individuals, which suggests that someone can eat it to improve their health. A study on sprouted flaxseed produced in the laboratory revealed the presence of microbial flora, namely bacteria and molds, which is of concern for the health-conscious public. A total of 39 flaxseed sprout samples were cultured to evaluate microbial profiles and to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns by the Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method. Bacterial isolates were tested only against 11 antibiotics, viz. Amoxycillin, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Colistin, Meropenem, Cefixime, Azithromycin, Mecillinam, Cotrimoxazole, Cefaclor, and Moxifloxacin. 39 (100%) of the 39 flaxseed sprout samples cultured tested positive for bacteria and molds. Among them, positive cultures, single bacterial growth, multiple bacterial growth, and molds were 33 (84.6%), 6 (15.4%) and 39 (100%) respectively. The most predominant organisms were Serratia marcescens, comprising 15(33.3%), followed by Citrobacter freundii 10(22.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9(20.0%), and other bacterial isolates were Enterobacter cloacae complex, Morganella morganii, and Aeromonas hydrophila, whose frequencies were 6(13.3%), 4(8.9%) and 1(2.2%) respectively. All of the bacterial isolates were 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Mecillinam, and Moxifloxacin, and only two antibiotics were shown 100% resistance in Amoxicillin and Cefixime. Based on the results, it is suggested that consumers should pay attention to producing with hygienic techniques and cooking properly to avoid foodborne diseases from flaxseed sprouts
 J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 4(1): 155-164, 2022

Effect of Cultivars, Apical Pinching and Copper Nano-Fertilizer on 1-Characteristics of Vegetative Growth of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Research was conducted at the vegetable field of the University of Mosul’s Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering (in the College of Agriculture and Forestry) (2021). The experiment included a study of three factors, the first of which was the use of three different bean sprout cultivars (Spanish, American, and Dutch), the second of which was the condition of apical pinching (apical pinching and without pinching), and the third of which was the use of copper Nano-fertilizer at three different concentrations (zero, one, and 1.5 gm L-1) (2 x 3 x 3). Field research was conducted utilizing a factorial experiment with split-plots in R.C.B.D. Varieties were planted in the main plots, and the correlation between pinching and copper Nano-fertilizer concentrations was observed in the sub-plots. The Duncan multiple range test was used to compare the means of the groups, and a significance threshold of 5% was used for the study. Here’s a rundown of the A- The significant effect of the plants of the three cultivars varied in the characteristics of the vegetative growth, as the plants of the Spanish and American cultivars were significantly superior in plant height and percentage of dry matter, while the plants of the Dutch and Spanish cultivars excelled in the number of branches, while no significant differences were observed between the cultivars in terms of chlorophyll and leaf area. B- The treatment of apical pinching excelled in terms of the number of branches and leaf area compared to the treatment of not pinching. C- The use of copper Nano-fertilizer in two concentrations resulted in significant effects on all vegetative growth traits compared to comparison plants. D- Most of the effects of the binary and triple interaction of the studied factors were consistent with the single effect of each factor for most of the previous characteristics.

Growth Responses of Clove Seedlings (Sizigium aromaticum L) to Natural Auxin and Household Waste Media

Indonesia is the number 1 clove producing country in the world, in amount of 140,812 tons (The Ministry of Indonesian Agriculture, 2022). Cloves are commonly used as a flavor enhancer for food and drinks. Its warm and spicy sensation is quite popular among people, especially those who live in cold areas. In addition, cloves are also useful for aromatic mixture of cigarettes. In addition, cloves are also good for the health of the body because they are known contain phosphorus, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, zinc, sodium and vitamins. This study aims were to determine the optimum concentration of organic auxin and the effect of using household waste media on the growth of clove plant seedlings. This study used a factorial experimental method which was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was the dose of household waste consisting of L0 = no household waste (control/ only with 2.5 g NPK fertilizer); L1 = household waste 10%; L2 = household waste 20% and L3 = household waste 30%. The second factor was the type of organic auxins, which consist of A0 = without organic auxin; A1 = red onion organic auxin; A2 = tomato organic auxin; A3 = auxin organic mung bean sprouts. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, resulting in 64 experimental units. The results showed that there was no interaction between the dose of household waste and natural auxins on the growth of clove seedling. Household waste can replace NPK fertilizer starting from a dose of 10 g/plant. Kinds of natural auxin did not affect the growth of clove seedlings. The seedling cultivation is enough profitable.

Alat Penyiram Persemaian Taoge Otomatis Dengan Pengontrolan Temperatur Berbasis Mikrokontroller

In Indonesian agriculture, it is rare to find automation systems on machines that function to minimize the involvement of humans. The application of automation technology in agriculture is expected to facilitate the process of producing the desired crop and reduce errors in the process that occur in many manual ways. One simple example of this automation system is the bean sprout plant watering system. This research was conducted to obtain automatic bean sprout sprinklers with temperature control. The existence of this tool is expected to facilitate the work of bean sprout farmers to water bean sprout nursery plants. Making this watering automation system begins with system planning to find out the components needed and how they work. Furthermore, automation systems are applied to mechanical systems. After that, programming was carried out on the Arduino Uno microcontroller which acts as a controller in the system based on the conditions that have been set and temperature changes received by the sensor. After the system is formed, testing of the system is carried out. Based on the tests carried out, it is known that an automatic bean sprout plant sprinkler system has been successfully made with temperature control using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and the bean sprout results obtained are of good quality.

Pendampingan Branding Product Tahu, Tempe, Toge dan Digital Marketing di Desa Gunung Kendang

the purpose of this service is to provide knowledge about Product Branding and Marketing Digitalization of Tofu, Tempe Toge Products to the Gunung Kendang Community. So far, product packaging has not provided maximum hygiene and marketing, especially in the previous product packaging which still used plastic bags which were not good for health. So that assistance is needed for development in product packaging, and digitalization of marketing in an effort to increase the economy and product marketing. The methods for implementing the community partnership program service activities include; Methods of interviews, questionnaires, site condition surveys and area analysis, communication with the head of the RT Gunung Kendang and discussions with people who produce Toge, Tempe and Toge in identifying needs and supporting facilities in the production process, and determining digital marketing concepts. Through this mentoring activity produced several achievements, namely; Tofu, tempe and bean sprout business actors in Gunung Kendang Village can provide products with more attractive packaging designs, are more durable and more hygienic.
 

Characteristics of Soto, an ethnic food that reflects Indonesian diversity: Based on ingredients

Indonesia is highly diverse in culture, ethnicity, religion, and natural resources. The diversity is also obvious in its cuisine. Soto is an example of an iconic Indonesian dish found in many parts of the country. Despite sharing a similar name, the recipes vary according to their place of origin. Until now, how many variants of Soto are in Indonesia is not exactly known. This review aimed to discuss the characteristics of Soto based on ingredients. Soto is a soup composed of spices-flavored broth and various solid ingredients, such as vegetables and protein-and carbohydrate-rich foods. Every region in Indonesia has a different recipe of Soto; some use non-turmeric soup or coconut milk soup. The carbohydrate ingredients are mainly soun (cellophane noodle) and potato. The protein ingredients are mainly composed of chicken, egg, and beef. Vegetables consist of bean sprouts, tomatoes, and cabbage. Fried garlic, shallot, spring onion, and crackers are added as a garnish. The diversity of the ingredient makes the distinction among Soto: diversity of locality and diversity of ingredients. Approximately 46 types of Soto are reviewed in this article. Most of the Soto recipes use chicken, bean sprouts, soun, boiled egg, garlic, white pepper, red onion, ginger, and bay leaf as the main ingredients. Soto becomes an identity of its geographical origins and has distinction based on the main recipes.

Pengaruh kombinasi pupuk NPK dan ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kubis bunga (Brassica oleraceae var. Botrytis L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of NPK fertilizer and bean sprout extract (BSE) on the growth and yield of cauliflower plants and to determine the right dose of the combination of NPK fertilizer and bean sprout extract, so as to provide maximum results on the growth and yield of cauliflower plants in the lowlands. The experiment was carried out in Pusakanagara District, Subang Regency, West Java Province. With an altitude of 15 m above sea level, the air temperature ranges from 270C–300C. The experiment was carried out from October to December 2022. The study used an experimental method and a randomized block design with four treatments and six replications. The treatment consisted of P0: 5 g NPK (as control), P1: 5 g NPK + 75 g/L, P2: 5 g NPK + 100 g/L, P3: 5 g NPK + 125 g/L. The results showed that all treatments of a combination of NPK fertilizer and bean sprout extract had a significant effect on plant height (14 and 28 days after planting(DAP)), number of leaves (14, 28, and 35 DAP), leaf diameter (14 and 35 DAP), flower weight and flower diameter. For the P3 treatment, the combination dose of 5 g of NPK fertilizer and 125 g/l of bean sprout extract had a significant effect and showed the highest yield on plant height, number of leaves, and the highest weight of cauliflower, namely 379.25 g/plant. It can be concluded that the administration of bean sprout extract (BSE) was proven to increase the growth and yield of cauliflower varieties PM 126F. Doses of bean sprout extract fertilizer up to 125 mg/L of water are considered quite effective in efforts to increase the growth and yield of flower cabbage variety PM 126F.

Analisa Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Tauge Dengan Metode Six Sigma Di CV. Berkah Kecambah Tauge Aling

CV Berkah Kecambah Tauge Aling is a company engaged in the field of food or vegetable bean sprouts made from green beans. In the production of CV Berkah Kecambah Tauge Aling there was a product defect in January 2023 which occurred, namely the result of the defect rate which was known to have the highest number of defects in the yellow color defect of 1818 packages, with a defect percentage of 58.3%. Then the Bad Smell defects with a total of 879 defects, a percentage of defects obtained by 28.2%, the type of defective packaging torn with a total of 423 defects, a percentage of defects of 13.6%. it is known that the diagram (p-chart) with the type of product defect still has 13 points exceeding the upper control limit or UCL and there are 12 points exceeding the lower control limit or LCL with a proportion of 0.148. Judging from the results of DPMO calculations and Sigma Levels, an average DPMO of 49619 is obtained, so that if there is a product defect of 49619 out of 1,000,000 opportunities in the Sprouts production process at CV. The Blessing of Aling Bean Sprouts. In the FMEA diagram to find out the factors and RPN values that result in product defects including human factors, machines, materials, methods, and the environment, the results of the FMEA analysis cause the biggest defects, namely yellowing defects with an RPN value of 810.

Nutrient limitations of the edible sprouts: A review

Nutrient limitations of the edible sprouts: A review

Influence of Different Types of Carbon Sources on Glucosinolate and Phenolic Compounds in Radish Sprouts

Radish sprouts are valued as a key nutrient-dense food in Asian countries. In the current study, we examined how radish sprouts responded to treatments with various carbon sources. The influence of those treatments in parameters such as plant growth and glucosinolate and phenolic compounds levels were analyzed. A positive correlation between plant growth and the accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics was observed. In this study, except for galactose treatment, all other carbon-exposed radish sprouts showed the highest shoot and root length and fresh weight. Seven different glucosinolate and five phenolic compounds were identified in radish sprouts. The total glucosinolates and phenolic compound content were increased after treatments with different carbon sources. Radish sprouts exposed to sucrose showed the highest total glucosinolates and phenolics content, which was 1.22-fold and 1.45-fold higher than that of untreated sprouts, respectively. Moreover, sucrose exposure led to a higher production of glucoiberin, gluconapoleiferin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucoerucin, glucoraphasatin, glucobrassicin, gallic acid, sinapic acid, rutin, and p-coumaric acid compared to that of untreated sprouts. The results obtained in this study will be helpful for researchers around the world to enhance specific glucosinolate and phenolic compounds by treating the radish sprout plants with suitable carbon sources.

Chemical Characteristics and Plant Growth Regulators of Organic Waste as Liquid Organic Fertilizer

Abundant agricultural waste could be used to improve plant growth. This study was to obtain the nutrient characteristics and plant growth regulators (PGR) of organic waste (eggshells, banana peels, moringa leaves, onion peels, bean sprouts, and banana hump) which have the potential as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This research was conducted from July to August 2022 using a descriptive-analytic method. Organic waste was fermented anaerobically. The results showed that nitrogen content in banana peels, moringa leaves, onion peels, bean sprouts, and banana hump required the LOF standard (3-6%) and had the potential to be applied. In addition, eggshells had the highest calcium content (0.149%) compared to other organic wastes. Among the organic wastes, it was found that banana hump, moringa leaves, and onion peels had the highest PGR levels.

Potential Source and Transmission Pathway of Gut Bacteria in the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

Plutella xylostella (L.), commonly known as the diamondback moth, is currently a major worldwide pest. Gut bacteria play an important role in the physiology and insecticide resistance of P. xylostella, but little is known about the sources and transmission routes of its gut bacteria. In this study, traditional microbial culture methods were used to analyze the sources and transmission modes of gut bacteria in P. xylostella, which could help develop pest control strategies based on gut bacteria. The main findings are as follows: gut bacterial diversity was significantly higher in P. xylostella-fed radish sprouts than those fed an artificial diet, indicating a potential association between gut bacteria and food bacteria. In addition, sequence analysis revealed the isolation of Enterobacter sp., Pantoea sp., Cedecea sp., and Pseudomonas sp. from both radish sprouts and P. xylostella. Importantly, Enterobacter sp. was found in all tested samples (radish sprouts, gut of P. xylostella, ovaries, and eggs), suggesting that bacteria acquired from food could be transferred from the gut to the ovaries and eggs. This was confirmed through experiments, which also showed that eggs could carry bacteria and transmit them to the gut, indicating vertical transmission of gut bacteria via eggs. Furthermore, the 3rd instar larvae of P. xylostella with and without gut bacteria were mixed and raised until the 4th instar. Then, we found that all the gut of the 4th instar larvae carried the same bacteria, indicating that the gut bacteria of P. xylostella can be horizontally transmitted through social behavior. This study lays a foundation for further exploration of the sources, transmission, and coevolution of the host of gut bacteria in P. xylostella, and provides new insights into pest control strategies based on the source and transmission of gut bacteria.

Synergistic effect of carbon nanoparticles with mild salinity for improving chemical composition and antioxidant activities of radish sprouts.

The demand for healthy foods with high functional value has progressively increased. Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have a promising application in agriculture including the enhancement of plant growth. However, there are few studies on the interactive effects of CNPs and mild salinity on radish seed sprouting. To this end, the effect of radish seed priming with 80mM CNPs on biomass, anthocyanin, proline and polyamine metabolism, and antioxidant defense system under mild salinity growth condition (25 mM NaCl). The results indicated that seed nanopriming with CNPs along with mild salinity stress enhanced radish seed sprouting and its antioxidant capacity. Priming boosted the antioxidant capacity by increasing antioxidant metabolites such as (polyphenols, flavonoids, polyamines, anthocyanin, and proline). To understand the bases of these increases, precursors and key biosynthetic enzymes of anthocyanin [phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, naringenin, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone synthase (CHS), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL)], proline [pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), Sucrose, Sucrose P synthase, invertase) and polyamines [putrescine, spermine, spermidine, total polyamines, arginine decarboxylase, orinthnine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, spermidine synthase, spermine synthase] were analyzed. In conclusion, seed priming with CNPs has the potential to further stimulate mild salinity-induced bioactive compound accumulation in radish sprouts.

Broccoli, Kale, and Radish Sprouts: Key Phytochemical Constituents and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity.

Our research group previously found that broccoli sprouts possess neuroprotective effects during pregnancy. The active compound has been identified as sulforaphane (SFA), obtained from glucosinolate and glucoraphanin, which are also present in other crucifers, including kale. Sulforaphene (SFE), obtained from glucoraphenin in radish, also has numerous biological benefits, some of which supersede those of sulforaphane. It is likely that other components, such as phenolics, contribute to the biological activity of cruciferous vegetables. Notwithstanding their beneficial phytochemicals, crucifers are known to contain erucic acid, an antinutritional fatty acid. The aim of this research was to phytochemically examine broccoli, kale, and radish sprouts to determine good sources of SFA and SFE to inform future studies of the neuroprotective activity of cruciferous sprouts on the fetal brain, as well as product development. Three broccoli: Johnny's Sprouting Broccoli (JSB), Gypsy F1 (GYP), and Mumm's Sprouting Broccoli (MUM), one kale: Johnny's Toscano Kale (JTK), and three radish cultivars: Black Spanish Round (BSR), Miyashige (MIY), and Nero Tunda (NT), were analyzed. We first quantified the glucosinolate, isothiocyanate, phenolics, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (AOC) of one-day-old dark- and light-grown sprouts by HPLC. Radish cultivars generally had the highest glucosinolate and isothiocyanate contents, and kale had higher glucoraphanin and significantly higher sulforaphane content than the broccoli cultivars. Lighting conditions did not significantly affect the phytochemistry of the one-day-old sprouts. Based on phytochemistry and economic factors, JSB, JTK, and BSR were chosen for further sprouting for three, five, and seven days and subsequently analyzed. The three-day-old JTK and radish cultivars were identified to be the best sources of SFA and SFE, respectively, both yielding the highest levels of the respective compound while retaining high levels of phenolics and AOC and markedly lower erucic acid levels compared to one-day-old sprouts.

Authenticating Emergent Adulterant 6-Benzylaminopurine in Bean Sprouts: Virtual Hapten Similarity Enhanced Immunoassay

6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), a plant growth regulator with cytokinin-like properties, was recently reported to be illegally used in bean sprouts to increase their commercial appearance. It is still nevertheless challenging to quickly detect this adulteration. In this work, four novel haptens (haptens 1-4) of 6-BA were rationally designed with computer-assisted modeling analysis and then synthesized for use as immunizing haptens to produce antibodies. One of two obtained antibodies showed high sensitivity and specificity toward 6-BA. Based on the most sensitive anti-6-BA antibody, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was performed, which demonstrated a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 1.18 μg/L and a limit of detection of 0.075 μg/L. The average recoveries of this icELISA for 6-BA of spiked samples ranged from 87.2 to 95.0% with a coefficient of variation of less than 8.7%. Furthermore, the blind samples were detected simultaneously by the method and HPLC-MS/MS, and the results showed good agreement with each other. Therefore, the proposed icELISA can facilitate the rapid surveillance screening of adulterated 6-BA in sprout vegetables.

Kualitas Kinerja Reproduksi Induk Ikan Guppy Albino Full Platinum (Poecilia reticulata) Yang diberi Tepung Taoge (Bean sprouts) Dalam Pakan

This study aims to determine the level of addition of bean sprout flour in feed as vitamin E to help the reproductive system in rearing guppy fish (Poecilia reticulate). The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments 3 replications, each treatment was: A. Without Sprout Flour 0% (SF 0%), B Sprout Flour 2% (SF 2.0%), C Sprout Flour 4% (SF 4.0%), D Sprout Flour 6% (SF 6,0%). The fish used in this study were female guppy fish measuring 0,38 – 0,51 gram. Growth of gonads for all treatments ranged from 0.61% - 0.68%, gonadal maturity index ranged from 0.61 –0.81 gram, number of pups born ranged from 10 – 23 per head, guppy birth duration ranged from 13 - 19 days, feed conversion ratio ranged from 2.53 - 2.89. The results of the analysis of the water quality of the rearing medium showed that the water quality was still in the proper range for the maintenance of guppy fish. The best reproductive performance and stress response to the addition of bean sprout flour to guppy fish feed (Poecilia reticulate) was treatment C (the addition of bean sprout flour was 4%).