Radical Parties Research Articles

EL DEBATE POLÍTICO EN EL CONTEXTO LOCAL. EL CASO DE LAS ELECCIONES MUNICIPALES DE 2019 EN GALICIA

The municipal elections held in Galicia in March 2019 mark a turning point in the management of the usual formats for attracting votes. Rallies, debates, and other propaganda actions have been called into question in previous elections and receive the final stake in 2019. The proposed field work aims to collect the proposals that the local groups of the different parties have launched in this new context, focusing especially on two elements: the political debate and the agenda setting. In this way, we will carry out a general monitoring of the Galician context and providing a case study that collects successful experiences. The preparation of this work is based on two fundamental conditioning factors, the first directly related to the evolution of Spanish political culture and the second linked to the use of new media and how these have conditioned the relationship between politics and citizens.

Universal War Strategy Supported Political Integration Reviewed from The Third Sila Pancasila; The Unity of Indonesia

The understanding of uniting the nation's cultural diversity requires a strategy in handling it so that it does not become a breaker of Indonesian unity, in the political integration of diversity in party groups and their partisanship with government power, it becomes less and less pro to certain communities in society that are represented in dealing with various problems. Cultural diversity that characterizes the Indonesian nation is a nation's wealth or asset that must be preserved and it is hoped that it will lead to potential excellence in the world. Conflicts that are oriented towards division, disintegration of the nation, and want to liberate from the unitary republic of Indonesia require concrete efforts to be overcome for the sake of realizing national unity in the Universal War Strategy. Therefore, the researcher wants to examine how the implementation of a sense of unity and political integration as an element that plays a very important role in the universal war strategy, because the understanding of universal war in the face of non-military threats is needed from government agencies outside of defense, especially in the political dimension, so civic, universality and populist is a feature of the settlement with a universal war strategy.

Universal War Strategy Supported Political Integration Reviewed from The Third Sila Pancasila; The Unity of Indonesia

The understanding of uniting the nation's cultural diversity requires a strategy in handling it so that it does not become a breaker of Indonesian unity, in the political integration of diversity in party groups and their partisanship with government power, it becomes less and less pro to certain communities in society that are represented in dealing with various problems. Cultural diversity that characterizes the Indonesian nation is a nation's wealth or asset that must be preserved and it is hoped that it will lead to potential excellence in the world. Conflicts that are oriented towards division, disintegration of the nation, and want to liberate from the unitary republic of Indonesia require concrete efforts to be overcome for the sake of realizing national unity in the Universal War Strategy. Therefore, the researcher wants to examine how the implementation of a sense of unity and political integration as an element that plays a very important role in the universal war strategy, because the understanding of universal war in the face of non-military threats is needed from government agencies outside of defense, especially in the political dimension, so civic, universality and populist is a feature of the settlement with a universal war strategy.

Fractionalized but ambitious? Voting on energy and climate policy in the European Parliament

ABSTRACT Analysing roll call votes from the energy and climate policy field in the Eighth European Parliament (2014–2019), this article asks why has the European Parliament succeeded in maintaining its relatively ambitious position and how national and partizan factors explain voting behaviour of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) on EU energy and climate legislation. We find the Eurosceptic vs. pro-EU cleavage to be the main conflict line structuring voting on energy and climate policy. Additionally, EU energy and climate policy has been supported by MEPs from member states with a track record of more ambitious climate policymaking and those with higher energy dependence. We show that increasing party fragmentation in the European Parliament has strengthened the influence of some progressive party groups, particularly the Greens, and has enhanced the European Parliament’s ability to mobilize support for a relatively ambitious energy and climate legislation.

Party–group interactions in Southern Europe: evidence from an expert survey

AbstractDespite the development of empirical research on the relations between parties and interest groups, the topic is still understudied and presents several shortcomings. On the one hand, this relationship has been studied mostly from the political parties' point of view. On the other, there is a lack of consensus regarding the determinants of party–group connection. This study aims to advance our knowledge on the topic by examining the relationship between interest groups and political parties in Southern European countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain). By relying on new data collected through an expert survey, we focus specifically on the strength of the linkage established between parties and interest groups, as well as their determinants. The results suggest that there is a great variation in party–group links, which is explained mostly by party characteristics, namely the type of parties, ideology, and their electoral strength.

Political Will, Vaccines, and Community Immunity.

Political Will, Vaccines, and Community Immunity.

Losers together? Grand coalitions in the EU member states

AbstractOver the last two decades, the formation of grand coalitions has grown in the European Union (EU), even in countries with no previous political experience with them. Alongside a significant rise in both new and radical parties, grand coalitions signal the increasing fragmentation of contemporary European politics. We, therefore, investigate the electoral performance of both mainstream and new parties entering and leaving grand coalitions. We find that mainstream parties do not appear to enter grand coalitions after negative election results. They are, however, punished in the following elections, albeit not as heavily as previous findings have shown. This post-grand coalition electoral penalty is true for both major and minor grand coalition members. These findings contribute to the literature on party competition and provide insights into the choices mainstream parties' have been making in response to recent and rapid changes in the electoral landscape of the EU.

Evoking Equality: The Gender Sensitivity of Parliaments through their Symbolic Function

This article examines parliaments as symbol-makers beyond the actions of individual Members of Parliament or parliamentary party groups. In doing so, it develops an analytical framework for studying how legislatures symbolically represent women and, more generally, how they stand for gender equality. The article identifies who are the symbol-makers on behalf of the institution and outlines several indicators that allow assessing how the symbolic may further the gender sensitivity of parliaments. The indicators are clustered into two domains: on one hand, physical spaces, and, on the other hand, communications and public outreach. Drawing on examples from parliaments around the world, the article documents the wide range of available repertoires aimed at eroding the association between politics and masculinity. It also discusses the expected impact of symbolic activity on the targeted audiences and pinpoints the ways in which descriptive, substantive and symbolic representation build onto each other.

Desain Koalisi Permanen Partai Politik dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Indonesia

The pattern of political party coalitions that fluctuate ahead of the general election indicates that the coalitions are not built based on substantial interests but pragmatic interests. As a result, the status of each party becomes unclear, which one acts on the side of the government and which one acts as the opposition. This study aims to discuss the options of permanent coalition patterns that can be applied. The research problem of this study was “What is the permanent coalition design that can be applied in the Indonesian government system?”. This study used normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case-study approaches. The results indicated that a permanent coalition is needed to strengthen the coalition pattern of political parties as a support for the Indonesian government system. The permanent coalition design that can be applied is a two-pole model, in which there will only two coalition groups of political parties: parties supporting the government and parties opposing the government. This two-pole model can be balanced in terms of the power between a coalition of government parties and a coalition of opposition parties. Another design that can be adopted is the coalitions which are established based on the similarity of the ideology of each political party.

Online Hate Speech and the Radical Right in Times of Pandemic: The Italian and English Cases

Social media is considered a particularly conducive arena for hate speech, a form of communication often linked to the radical right. The goal of this study is to offer an empirical contribution that comparatively explores the presence and features of hate speech in the social media discourse of the radical right (leaders and parties) in Italy and the UK during the first year of the pandemic. This mixed-methods study analyses 21,360 tweets using wordcloud analysis (to conceptually map the social media discourse of the radical right and mainstream parties), topic modelling (to identify the main topics of the radical right’s tweets and how they relate to Covid-19) and formalised content analysis (to better understand how hate speech is related to the virus). We find that radical right leaders have managed to bring exclusion-oriented issues to the agenda at this time of crisis, albeit in different ways, by emphasising different understandings of in-groups and out-groups in relation to Covid-19.

Parliamentary Representation in Six European Right-Wing Sovereignist Parties: Resemblance or Innovation?

AbstractThe appeal to the re-appropriation of national sovereignty has recently become the unifying trait of a heterogeneous group of right-wing parties. The underlying reasoning behind this claim is that globalised elites ignore the needs of the people—defined as a restricted and ethnically homogeneous group of natives—they are supposed to represent. After defining the perimeter of this party cluster, including populist, national conservatives and extreme-right parties, this article explores the extent to which the adoption of similar political platforms might also be reflected in a convergence of parliamentary party articulations. A qualitative account of the evolution of parliamentary representation in a few right-wing parties from Italy, Hungary and the Netherlands shows that a two-way street of institutionalisation might be at play in the complex balance between uncompromising grassroots components and a more pragmatic institutional component.

ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИСТОКИ И ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ НЕМЕЦКИХ «НОВЫХ ПРАВЫХ»

The article provides a description of the German right-wing parties and movements of the new generation, reveals their similarities and differences regarding the traditional right-wing and radical right-wing parties. The study traces the evolutionary path and continuity of the new right-wing parties, analyzes the reasons for the popularity of alternative right-wing ideas among the German electorate. Based on the analysis of the electoral campaigns from 2013 to 2021, assessing the effectiveness of the Alternative party political strategy for Germany as the only influential right-wing force is given. In conclusion the prerequisites for the decline of the new legal movement are described, and the conditions necessary for the movement to maintain the positions won in the society are also listed.

Party group collapse and strategic switching in the European Parliament

The literature on party group switching in the European Parliament contends that members re-affiliate primarily for strategic reasons. This article advances the discussion by also considering the occurrence of non-strategic switches which follow the collapse of weakly institutionalized groups. Using an original dataset which includes DW-Nominate scores (1979–2009), I operationalize policy-seeking behavior among strategic switchers by deriving member- and delegation-to-group policy distance variables. The pooled logistic regression models using a penalized maximum likelihood estimator make it possible to address quasicomplete separation, and the results show that members from large groups and delegations have significantly lower odds of switching. Further, as members or delegations become incongruent with their group, the odds of switching increase. The study has important implications for research investigating the relationship between weak party institutionalization and parliamentary behavior.

The politics of unilateral secession in the European Union: the case of Catalonia

ABSTRACT We analyse the politics of unilateral secession in the European Union (EU), focusing on the Catalan secessionist conflict. Building on a triangulation strategy, within which primary data are cross-checked through semi-structured expert interviews, we examine how the involved central state and secessionist sub-state actor fought for the support of the supranational party within the EU’s multilevel framework. We make two entrenched contributions. We find that the Spanish government succeeded in securing the status quo, not only because of its relations within the bigger European party groups and the benevolent support of EU member states, but also because of the secessionist-restraining nature of the EU. The EU switched from the position of non-intervention towards one of open support for the central state government, and as a result it has developed an informal framework which could deter future unilateral secession intentions.

The Study on Changes and the Problems in the Framework of European Parliament’s Left-wing Party Groups

The changing political landscapes of European parties are reflectedthrough the changes in the pattern of the European Parliamentary Party Group and thatof the left-wing party groups. Taking S&D, GUE/NGL and Greens/EFA as the researchobject, the paper summarizes the main characteristics of the changes in the pattern ofthe party group, and puts forward the main problems highlighted in the contemporaryEuropean politics. By summarizing the overall characteristics of the changes in theEuropean Parliamentary Party Groups, the paper analyzes the implied issues further soas to obtain a clear understanding of the evolution of the European Left Party Groups,to get familiar with the current situation of European left-wing political parties’development, to analyze the volatility of European political ecosystem, and to predictits future development.

The centre-right versus the radical right: the role of migration issues and economic grievances

ABSTRACT Radical right parties are strong competitors of the centre-right in many party systems. In this article, we first show that the centre-right’s overall stability in terms of vote share masks clear patterns of competition between these two party groups. We then study the attitudinal determinants of the choice between centre-right and radical right parties, paying particular attention to the impact of the economic crisis of 2008 and the migration crisis of 2015. Using European Social Survey data from 2002 onwards, we show that the role of anti-migration views and economic grievances as predictors of the choice for radical right versus centre-right parties has strengthened over time. We then examine whether accommodating positional shifts by centre-right parties are successful in attracting potential radical right voters. Our analyses of voter transitions using election study data show that this is not the case.

From governmental success to governmental breakdown: how a new dimension of conflict tore apart the politics of migration of the Swedish centre-right

ABSTRACT The 2018 election made it clear the Swedish politics of migration no longer was an outlier in comparative European perspective. In this contribution, we analyse some of the reasons behind this development, which trace back a decade earlier We focus on the troubled relationship the centre-right has had with the issue of immigration and draw attention to two critical junctures in order to explain it. First, the entry of a populist radical party to the national legislature in 2010 meant immigration and integration were reframed as multi-dimensional issues, and, second, the collapse of the centre-right Alliance for Sweden in 2014 led parties with different ideologies to scramble for common ground to be able to co-operate. The move from uni- to multi-dimensional competition, along with the absence of a formal coalition, allowed dormant ideological tensions to emerge and enabled parts of the centre-right to discuss immigration and integration in distinctly socio-cultural terms. The signature solutions of the populist radical right were thereby fast-tracked into the mainstream, and the Swedish party system is likely to experience increased (ideological) turmoil in the future.

Depleting democracy? The radical right’s impact on minority politics in Eastern Europe

Radical right parties’ calls for a strong and illiberal nation-state have travelled across the political spectrum into the mainstream in Eastern Europe since the 2000s, contributing to a rightward shift in the region’s politics. The mechanisms behind such influences in Eastern Europe are not yet fully understood. Focusing on the strength of radical right parties and mainstream parties’ strategic reactions to them, this study explores how and under what circumstances radical right parties exert influence on mainstream parties’ general political positions and on their positions concerning ethnic and national minorities – a group frequently targeted by radical right intolerance in the region. Shifts in parties’ positions are analyzed using comparative data from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey and the authors’ own Viadrina Expert Survey. The study finds that where mainstream parties formally or informally cooperated with radical right parties or coopted their agenda, lasting rightward position shifts are observable. Consequently, the authors argue that by contributing to rightward shifts, especially on positions concerning minorities, radical right parties play a role in undermining liberal democratic values, thus contributing to the ‘depletion of democracy’.

Research on Some Problems Before Decision Making of Party Committee of State-owned Enterprises Based on Data Model

With the rapid development of science and technology, participating in the decision-making of major problems of state-owned enterprises can be based on data model. The decision-making of the party committee of state-owned enterprises is an important duty and task entrusted by the Party Constitution to the party organizations of state-owned enterprises in China, an important embodiment of the political core role of the party organizations of enterprises, and the proper meaning of the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics. In order for state-owned enterprises to strictly implement major decision-making issues, leading party procedures and major business and management matters must be studied and discussed by party committees, party groups and leading bodies before decisions are made by the board of directors and managers. General management matters do not need to be submitted to the party organization of the party committee. Different types and different levels of state-owned enterprises should improve the pre-list of major issues in combination with the actual situation, clarify the content and focus of the pre-study and discussion, and constantly summarize and improve in practice. Based on the data model, this paper probes into some problems before the decision of the party committee of state-owned enterprises. As a mainstay of economic and social development, state-owned enterprises shouldering the historical responsibility of building beautiful China, realizing scientific development and leapfrogging development, and carrying out research on the participation of party organizations of state-owned enterprises in decision-making on major issues of enterprises, which is of great significance for strengthening party building of state-owned enterprises in the new period and promoting sound and rapid economic and social development.

The Personalization of Electoral Rules: How Shifting Influence From Selectors to Voters Affects Party Unity

How does making electoral systems more candidate-centered affect party unity? Using a principal-agent perspective, this study makes three contributions to the literature on this topic. Conceptually, it suggests thinking about the incentives due to personalization as arising from a shift in electoral impact from party selectors to voters. Theoretically, it incorporates this notion into a spatial model of parliamentary voting that also considers principals’ monitoring capacities. From the resulting framework follows a rich set of observable implications, notably that candidate-centered electoral systems facilitate rather than undermine collective action within parliamentary parties under certain conditions. Empirically, this study then analyzes the 2010 reform of Sweden’s flexible-list proportional representation system, which changed the preference vote threshold. As expected, I find that when extreme (district-based) selectors disagree with the moderate bills supported by the party group leadership, personalized rules incentivize politicians to support these policies and vote in unison.