Race Today Research Articles

Charles Mills’s “Black Trash”: Reproducing Race, Pig Waste, and Ecological Resistance

ABSTRACT The reception of the work of Charles Mills has mostly been restricted to responses to Rawls, social epistemology, and Black feminist critique. All overlook the sustained analysis of space, race, and waste, which this article argues is its most valuable contribution for critical philosophy of race today. This article claims that that in addition to “cognitive resistance,” an analysis of Black trash suggests intimate ecological resistance as a fundamental aspect of the political self-assertion of racialized “subpersons,” and argues that this challenges any qualified fidelity to the basic tenets of liberal political philosophy. Focusing on waste from the pig industry in North Carolina, the article returns to Mills’s essay “Black Trash” to demonstrate the importance of ecology to the racial contract and its renewed relevance. Building on Shatema Threadcraft’s critical engagement with Mills in Intimate Justice, the article concludes that a Black trash feminist approach that foregrounds intimate matters is necessary for ecological resistance.

Detection of Lung and Colon Cancer using Average and Weighted Average Ensemble Models

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a life-threatening condition triggered by metabolic irregularities or the convergence of hereditary disorders. Cancerous cells in lung and colon leads more death rate count in the human race today. The histological diagnosis of malignant cancers is critical in establishing the most appropriate treatment for patients. Detecting cancer in its early stages, before it has a chance to advance within the body, greatly reduces the risk of death in both cases.
 OBJECTIVES: In order to examine a larger patient group more efficiently and quickly, researchers can utilize different methods of machine learning approach and different models of deep learning used to speed up the detection of cancer.
 METHODS: In this work, we provide a new ensemble transfer learning model for the rapid detection of lung and colon cancer. By ingtegrating various models of transfer learning approach and combining these methods in an ensemble, we aim to enhance the overall performance of the diagnosis process.
 RESULTS: The outcomes of this research indicate that our suggested approach performs better than current models, making it a valuable tool for clinics to support medical personnel in more efficiently detecting lung and colon cancer.
 CONCLUSION: The average ensemble is able to reach an accuracy of 98.66%, while the weighted-average ensemble with an accuracy of 99.80%, which is good with analysis of existing approaches.

Nanotechnology, Water Remediation and Sustainability- A Far-Reaching Review and a Broad Scientific and Technological Perspective

The world of science and engineering of sustainability and nanotechnology are in today’s scientific fabric are in the aisles of newer scientific divination. Environmental, energy and socio-economic sustainability are the utmost needs of the hour. In the similar vision, nanotechnology needs to be aligned with diverse areas of natural sciences, applied sciences and engineering sciences. The definition of “sustainability” as described by Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway needs to be re-envisioned, rethought and rejuvenated with the passage of scientific history and time. Human struggles, human scientific and engineering challenges and human impact needs to be rethought as environmental protection and environmental disasters are in the path of immense scientific contemplation. In this paper, the author deeply discusses with verve and validation the integration of nanotechnology and sustainability. Human race today stands in the middle of deep scientific disaster and also scientific contemplation. Loss of ecological biodiversity and frequent environmental disasters are urging the scientific and engineering community to move towards newer scientific innovations and newer environmental engineering tools. Thus the need of a comprehensive treatise in the field of nanotechnology and sustainable development. Nanotechnology has vast and varied applications in the field of environmental pollution control. The author deeply targets these areas of scientific and engineering research endeavor. A newer era in the field of nanotechnology, nano-engineering and sustainability will surely usher in if a concerted effort is taken in the proper implementation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the vision of Brundtland Commission Report. A new generation of scientists and engineers will move towards positive research directions if man and mankind innovates and envisions the basics and fundamentals of environmental engineering science, chemical process engineering, sustainable engineering and nanotechnology.

IsoCore – An efficient model to aid rapid forecasting of SARS-CoV-2 infection from biomedical imagery

Combating the covid19 scourge is a prime concern for the human race today. Rapid diagnosis and isolation of virus-exposed persons is critical to limiting illness transmission. Due to the prevalence of public health crises, reaction-based blood tests are the customary approach for identifying covid19. As a result, scientists are testing promising screening methods like deep layered machine learning on chest radiographs. Despite their usefulness, these approaches have large computational costs, rendering them unworkable in practice. This study's main goal is to establish an accurate yet efficient method for covid19 predicting using chest radiography pictures. We utilize and enhance the graph-based family of neural networks to achieve the stated goal. The IsoCore algorithm is trained on a collection of X-ray images separated into four categories: healthy, Covid19, viral pneumonia, and bacterial pneumonia. The IsoCore, which has 5 to 10 times fewer parameters than the other tested designs, attained an overall accuracy of 99.79%. We believe the acquired results are the most ideal in the deep inference domain at this time. This proposed model might be employed by doctors via phones.

Camphor-Soothed Banana Stem Biowaste in the Productivity and Sustainability of Solar-Powered Desalination

The increasing need for clean water can be attributed to a number of reasons, such as population growth, industrial development, and climate change. As a result of modern industrial and agricultural methods, the amount of trash generated daily is also on the rise. Waste management and increasing demand for freshwater are two of the most pressing problems facing the human race today and in the future. This study makes an attempt to strike a balance between these two concerns by repurposing a common biowaste, the banana stem, to collect solar energy for a desalination application. Banana stems work well for interfacial solar desalination because of their capillarity and the fact that they float. Camphor-soothed banana stems were placed in a solar still to collect solar thermal energy and to transfer it to the water surrounding them, speeding up the evaporation process and resulting in more freshwater. Over the course of three days, measurements were taken with the water level held constant and the stem thickness of the bananas varied between 0.5 and 1.5 cm. Enviro-economic studies and water quality analysis were used to calculate greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide mitigation, and the carbon credits obtained. Compared to a standard still, a maximum yield of 934 mL was achieved at an efficiency of 36.35 percent. The CPLs (costs per liter) for the MSS (modified solar still) and the CSS (conventional solar still) were USD 0.0503 and USD 0.0665. In comparison to its CSS counterpart, the MSS had a CPL that was 32.21 percent lower. The treated water retained a 95.77% reduction in TDS compared to salt water. The MSS is predicted to release 219.62 kg of carbon dioxide, 1.67 kg of sulfur dioxide, and 0.69 kg of nitrous oxide over its lifetime. In addition, the MSS saved USD 20.94 in carbon credits after avoiding the emission of 2.09 tonnes of CO2.

Revisiting Manhattan Music in the Time of COVID-19: Body Politics, Anti-Asian Racism and Negotiation of Ethnic Identity

ABSTRACT The rise in COVID-19 cases has not only generated anxiety and uncertainty but has also caused an upsurge in anti-Asian racism all over the world. The racially motivated attacks have forced us to rethink the concept of migration, integration, and racism in a global context. In this paper, I look back at Meena Alexander’s Manhattan Music and relying on Arjun Appadurai’s critical theory in Fear of Small Numbers: An Essay on the Geography of Anger I investigate the dynamics that go into making the dominant culture hostile towards immigrants and ethnic populations. Drawing a connection between my reading of the novel and the COVID-fueled racism, I debunk the myth of assimilation as a means of integration and attest that race and ethnicity still play crucial role in the politics of power. That is, despite the ethnic protagonists’ negotiation of their subjectivity, their ethnic body will continue to be victims of racial politics and used as scapegoats as long as white supremacy prevails and is considered normative. Revisiting Manhattan Music and rendering the connection between race, ethnicity and racism opens up avenues for critical rethinking and compels us to ever more consider the intersection of ethnic identity and race today in an era of global pandemic that has targeted Asian migrants in and beyond America.

First Report of bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1 affecting tomato in different Regions of Chile.

In Chile, tomato is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables, with around 5,000 ha for fresh market and 8,000 ha for processing industry. During recent years, symptoms of bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, have been observed more frequently in tomato plants in different regions of Chile. This pathogen was first identified in Chile in 1987 (Latorre & Lolas, 1988) and the presence of an apparent new variant was reported in 2004 (Besoain et al. 2004). To characterize the pathogen that was affecting this crop, samples of diseased tomato plants were taken in three regions of Chile. The samples were collected in 2016 in Northern Chile in Lluta Valley from the Arica y Parinacota Region, and in Central Chile, in 2014 in Limache from Valparaíso Region and in 2015 in Pichidegua from O´Higgins Region. Affected tomato plants exhibited dark brown to black lesions surrounded by yellow halos in the leaves, and dark brown to black lesions in the stems, pedicels, and peduncles. Plants tissues were macerated, and the suspension was spread on King's B medium, resulting in fluorescent colonies visualized under 366 nm UV light. LOPAT tests results of three selected isolates from different Regions, were: levan production (+), oxidase reaction (-), potato soft rot (-), arginine dihydrolase production (-), and tobacco hypersensitivity (+) (Lelliot et al. 1966). Molecular identification was carried out by amplification and sequence analysis of housekeeping genes cts, encoding citrate synthase, gyrB, encoding DNA gyrase B, and rpoD, encoding sigma factor 70 (Hwang et al. 2005; Sarkar & Guttmann 2004) (GenBank Accessions No. OK001658-OK001666). BLAST analysis of cts and rpoD genes of the three isolates resulted in a match with a 100% identity (919 bp and 491 bp respectively) with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain B13-200 (GenBank: CP019871.1). BLAST analysis of gyrB gene of two isolates resulted in a match with a 100% identity (684 bp) and one isolate with 99.85% (683 bp) with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain B13-200. To identify the race 1, each strain was inoculated in five tomato plants cv. San Pedro, susceptible to both races of P. syringae pv. tomato, and cv. Rio Grande, resistant to race 0. The tomato plants were slightly wounded with a metal sponge and then sprayed with the bacterial suspension (108 CFU mL-1) of each isolate, including the reference strain DC3000 (race 0). Negative controls were sprayed with water. The plants inoculated with Chilean strains in both cv. San Pedro and cv. Rio Grande, showed symptoms of bacterial speck after 7 days. Plants inoculated with DC3000 strain showed symptoms only in cv. San Pedro, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. Strains were re-isolated from symptomatic plants and identified by gene sequence analyses as Pseudomonas syryngae pv. tomato. This is the first report of Pseudomonas syryngae pv. tomato race 1 in Chile. Race 1 was previously reported in Canada (Lawton and MacNeill. 1986), in Italy (Buonaurio et al. 1996), in California (Arredondo and Davis 2000), in Portugal (Cruz et al. 2010), and in other states in the USA and countries in South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia, becoming the most commonly isolated race today (Cai et al 2011). These results will be the base for future studies of epidemiology, characterization, and virulence in order to explain the outbreak of this disease and the severity of symptoms observed.

Understanding European Colonization in Michel de Montaigne’s “Of Cannibals” and Francis Bacon’s “Of Plantations”

The European colonization of the Americas has been an important conversation in academic discourse for some time now; it is evident that it has come to shape many societies in both ongoing and long-lasting ways. By turning to the literature that was produced during this colonization period, contemporary readers gain a deeper understanding of the ideas and thoughts that contribute to notions of race and otherness today. This paper focuses on Michel de Montaigne’s essay “Of Cannibals” (1580) and Francis Bacon’s essay “Of Plantations” (1625). The essayists take up discussions of colonization through a similar yet conflicting lens. They both discuss purity and Edenic landscapes in the new world and also recognize the potential for it to be tainted by Europeans. However, they come to different conclusions when justifying colonization due to their positions in European society. However, they simultaneously come together and open up a larger discussion surrounding differences of religion and humanism in European culture. This paper aims to discuss the complexity and importance of literature from the age of exploration and colonization.

The Avant-Garde is in the Audience: On the Popular Avant-Gardism of Linton Kwesi Johnson's Dub Poetry

AbstractThis article presents a historical study of black British poet and recording artist Linton Kwesi Johnson. Drawing on archival research, I argue that Johnson's hybrid literary and reggae-based practice, known as ‘dub poetry’, offers fresh insight into the status of ‘the popular’ in histories and theories of the avant-garde, and of black avant-gardism specifically. I begin by discussing Johnson's participation in the Caribbean Artists Movement, a hub for diasporic arts in 1960–70s London, whereupon I show how dub poetry transposed the ideas of Johnson's colleague, pan-African Marxist C. L. R. James, in simultaneously documenting and instigating grassroots efforts at community centres where Johnson worked, notably the Race Today Collective. I contend that Johnson forged a cultural programme that paralleled James's well-known rejection of the elitist model of the political vanguard: Johnson furnished a ‘popular avant-garde’, as I call it, whose community-oriented ethos was realized via popular media like the LP and mass-democratic – populist – action campaigns.

TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTERS

The number of challenges and crises that are threatening the human race today have its own consequences, so it can be used by timely and cooperative measures to minimize or diminish what is happening as an imperative for our current experiences. Natural disasters are a consequence of the negative impact of some natural danger on the planet. Natural catastrophes are non-threatening, and we have a technology that will predict them, we can not stop it from going down. When the catastrophes happen because of some natural force, these are called natural catastrophes, which man does not have any control. Some honest natural catastrophes are landlords, castles, floats, droughts, cyclones, and so on. There have been different types of natural disasters and the number of crashes caused by the catastrophe caused to be so different. The prostitute is growing up and we forget the story that we are provoking to our animals. The catastrophes caused by human dullness and lack of mastery or the inadequate corridence of dangerous machinery are called accidents caused by man-made or accidental catastrophes.

Black Movement Formation: Race, Class, Gender, Capitalist Globalization, and White Nationalism Today

Abstract The arc of the Black Freedom struggle in the US signals the early twenty-first century as a period of high contention, resistance, and possibility. It is also rife with contradictions. The radicalism which informs Black liberation struggle today is complex, disparate, and signals the need to rearticulate social transformation given Black resistance in the era of new nationalism. The struggle is theorized in this analysis in the context of racial capitalism, changing organizational forms, state violence, and nonlinear, disparate contentions around the police. Understanding white supremacist nationalism in the US today is core to this discussion. Ultimately, Black lives in this new movement moment struggle for a broad and notable shift, which places gender, gender nonconforming, and sexuality at the center of the resistance and our understanding.

Raced Repetition: Perpetual Paralysis or Paradoxical Promise?

This article engages with key contemporary questions about the extent to which the obstinacy of racial formation processes, as well as the apparent global resurgence of raced thinking, represent a paralysis of the global anti-racist project or signal an important analytic opportunity for revitalising critical race scholarship and anti-racist praxis. To this end, it is incumbent upon critical race scholars and practitioners to take stock of their historical, current and future contributions to addressing the vexing nature of race and racism. The article mobilises three main illustrative arguments in this regard. First, we have to deploy our analytic tools more thoughtfully and robustly in the service of understanding the current historical period in which race seems to have an infinite elasticity globally as such analyses have a great deal to offer us in thinking through the contemporary relationships between race, materiality, histories, politics and populism. Second, writing from South Africa, the article focuses on the historically racialised nature of the social formation as an exemplar of how the deployment of race and resistance to it did not simply reflect an unprocessed repetition compulsion of the raced binary over time but actually represented incremental gains for a productively antagonistic and adversarial anti-racist political project. Third, the article also surfaces alternative ways of approaching the question of race today, by examining elements of the post-race paradigm, raced embodiment and affectivity, and more diverse conceptions of what it means to be human as part of the anti-racist project. The article concludes that thoughtful analyses of the histories of anti-racist praxis, contemporary manifestations of race and racism, and an openness to new approaches to addressing the histories and continued legacies of race are paradoxically promising and hopeful in a seemingly despairing time when race thinking seems to be on the ascension once more.

Why do we still talk about race today?

ABSTRACTThe field of ethnic and racial studies has been transformed in important ways over the past four decades. This Special Issue brings together nine original research papers presented in draft form at a conference to celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the journal Ethnic and Racial Studies. In this introductory paper, we discuss key facets of contemporary debates and review some key arguments explored in the papers that follow. We also take the opportunity offered by this reflective issue to explore some of the issues that concern us editors of the journal and which formed part of the discussion at the conference.

From Float to Flicker: Information Processing, Racial Semiotics, and Anti-Racist Protest, from “I am a Man” to “Black Lives Matter”

This article engages the relationships between information systems, antiracist protest, and race today. Building on the body of work that describes the ways institutional racism has shifted from an overt system during the (pre-) civil rights era, to a covert, color-blind system today, this article argues, first, that this shift mirrors the cultural change in information processing from analog systems to digital systems and, second, that signs of race articulated as racial protest have similarly changed over this historical period. Using the Black Lives Matter movement as a contemporary frame, the article focuses on three cultural objects that recall and revise civil rights protests to articulate this change: Ernest Withers's 1968 photograph of the Memphis sanitation workers' strike, Glenn Ligon's 1988 untitled painting ("I Am a Man"), and the 2000 condition report of Ligon's painting. Forming a historical network of racial protest, these images perform the changing semiotics of race and racial protest from signs that float as in an analog system to those that flicker as in a digital system. It is as a "digital," flickering signifier of protest that blackness is rematerialized as visible matter to operate against color-blind systems today.

Walking with the Self: Zab Maboungou's Interventions Against Eurocentrism Through Contemporary African Dance

This article examines how choreographer Zab Maboungou uses philosophical themes about the “self” positioned in time and space to reappropriate subjecthood through a contemporary African dance vocabulary. I suggest that in deploying such methods—which I describe as an “embodied Africanist metaphysics”— Maboungou challenges the rhetoric of the European Enlightenment that continues to influence constructions of race today. Maboungou's choreography and pedagogy effectively undermine implicit assumptions that align whiteness and European aesthetics with universal subject-hood and creates a productive space for the presentation and development of contemporary African dance in Montreal (and North America more generally).

What is race today? Scientific, legal, and social appraisals from around the globe.

What is race today? Scientific, legal, and social appraisals from around the globe.

Performing Race and Erasure: Cuba, Haiti and US Culture 1898–1940 by Shannon Rose Riley

Reviewed by: Performing Race and Erasure: Cuba, Haiti and US Culture 1898–1940 by Shannon Rose Riley Katherine Ford Riley, Shannon Rose. Performing Race and Erasure: Cuba, Haiti and US Culture 1898–1940. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. xiii, 273 pp. Performing Race and Erasure: Cuba, Haiti and US Culture 1898–1940 by Shannon Rose Riley examines the strategic importance of Cuba and Haiti in performance culture in the United States and in the construction of the definition of empire during the pivotal years of 1898–1940, though the implications continue to reverberate today. The book examines performance and culture produced within the United States that used imagery or topics from Haiti and Cuba, thus underlining the importance that [End Page 262] these two island nations played in the construction of empire and race within the United States. Riley explains how US intervention in Haiti and Cuba facilitated their introduction into conversations on empire and race. Riley begins her study in 1898, the pivotal year when Cuba (along with Puerto Rico and the Philippines) passed from a colony of Spain to the United States, and ends with 1940, since this is when, she argues, racial categories consolidated into a dichotomy of white and black. Performing Race and Erasure furthers the ongoing conversations around performance studies and race, arguing for cross-conversations between Caribbean and US scholarship. After the initial chapter that outlines the argument of the book, Riley’s Performing Race and Erasure is divided into six chapters that look at performances in the United States on and around events from Cuba and Haiti. Each chapter focuses attention on a different set of plays and performances organized around pivotal events or movements from Cuba and Haiti, though these chapters could perhaps have been condensed to find connections. A short conclusion closes the book by examining implications of the palimpsest of race today within the United States, understanding how the past remains in the present. Performing Race and Erasure is an important work that explores the roots of cultural and social constructions of race within the United States that were and are in conversation with the nations of Cuba and Haiti. As the author examines in these pages, we continue today evidence of images and cultural texts that expose the past with which we need to contend in the present and the future. Furthermore, as Riley does with Performing Race and Erasure, we need to acknowledge more the historical and current social and cultural connections between the United States and nations in the Caribbean and Latin America. Riley’s book is an important contribution to this vital conversation, underlining the fluidity of performance culture across political and national borders. Scholars on all sides of these borders will benefit from the insights presented in Riley’s Performing Race and Erasure: Cuba, Haiti and US Culture 1898–1940. [End Page 263] Katherine Ford East Carolina University Copyright © 2018 The Center of Latin American Studies

French and British Anti-Racists Since the 1960s: A rendez-vous manqué?

While immigration situations in France and Britain are often contrasted to each other, they are not mutually closed systems. This article asks to what extent anti-racist movements in the two countries interacted with each other between the 1960s and 1990s. Although one could be forgiven for thinking that the two operate in parallel and mutually incomprehensible universes, it suggests that there has been more exchange than meets the eye, by examining case studies ranging from the Mouvement Contre le Racisme et Pour l’Amitié entre les Peuples to the magazine Race Today, and the trajectories of individuals from Mogniss Abdallah to John La Rose. Though less immediately apparent than those from across the Atlantic, influences occasionally, at times surreptitiously, crept across the Channel. Nevertheless it concludes that this specifically Anglo-French form of transnationalism became more developed after, rather than during, what is classically considered the heyday of transnational protest in the 1960s and 1970s. It also argues that despite the much-vaunted French resistance to the ‘Anglo-Saxons’, influences in anti-racism in fact flowed more readily southwards than northwards across the Channel. From ‘Rock Against Police’ to the International Book Fair of Radical Black and Third World Books, there seems to have been an increasing willingness among some elements in anti-racism in France to allow a seepage of British ideas. By contrast, attempts to transplant French ideas, such as SOS Racisme, in the UK appear contrived, and only succeeded when the French influence was not made explicit.

The Bloomiad: A Mock Heroic Epic in Eighteen Stanzas

The Bloomiad: A Mock Heroic Epic in Eighteen Stanzas Paul Claes (bio) TELEMACHUS Two students standing on a tower (he, Mulligan: I, Dedalus) are echoing the ancient hour (Antinous: Telemachus). My mother’s ghost haunts the environs, her silence singing with the sirens. Buck holds the mirror of my fear, pouring quicksilver in my ear. Why must we live in silly Ireland? While he flees to his Omphalos and I embrace the art of gloss, the sea is narrowing our island for him, his father’s burier, for me, my mother’s murderer. NESTOR The bells are striking ten in heaven: to master Deasy I must go to get my money at eleven. The sky is blue, the cock will crow. The boys hate my lessons of history. How can they understand my mystery? Riddle me, riddle me, randy ro: my father gave me seeds to sow. My work? A riddle in the making. Who am I? Nothing but a stream of consciousness. The past? A dream, a nightmare from which I’m awaking. My future? Just a winding sheet. God? God is this shout in the street. PROTEUS On Sandymount strand I am strolling: a young man wearing borrowed shoes [End Page 501] under the faunal noon unrolling a vista of reflecting views: here goes my soul, the form of various forms, seeking in the multifarious metamorphoses of the sea (these patterns that Penelope is weaving, weaving, and reweaving) the glimpse of an epiphany: pswepsupsebzibzepizzipee: I hear the speech of sea upheaving while I stand pissing to the skies: full fathom five my father lies. CALYPSO She (Molly) makes the bed springs jingle while turning over lazily: he (Leopold) goes shopping, single. The kettle is put on for tea. One card, two letters in the morning are waiting, as a silent warning to the canvasser, on the floor. He gathers them all at the door. Milly announces her arrival (his only child since Rudy’s doom). The deceived husband, Mr Bloom, discerns the writing of his rival on the odd letter’s envelope. This afternoon. No s… I hope. LOTOPHAGI Bloom, alias Henry Flower, shuffled into the post office. Slow, slack. There are the dreams of Martha Clifford: his secret pen-friend wrote him back. Dear Henry. I got. Your last letter. Longing for him. For worst or better. What’s this? A pin. A flower. For whom? For him. Language of flowers. Bloom. [End Page 502] The race today. Who’ll be the winner? Sceptre or Throwaway? Who bets? The baths. The mosque. The minarets. Forgot. My key. I’m a foreigner. O water warm as woman’s womb, welcome your Wandering Jew, old Bloom. HADES We are four Dubliners who hurry from Sandymount to Cemetery to pray for Paddy and to bury the drunk with the big family: de mortuis nil nisi bene. Who will mourn us among so many? We kneel and listen to the knell, hoping he’s well and not in hell. Why is Rudy no longer living? Eleven he would be, that elf. And Daddy? He poisoned himself, but understanding is forgiving. Now we are thirteen wearing black. Who is that stranger in the mack? AEOLUS The Freeman’s Journal. – Dublin, high noon, 16th of June, 1904: B. has been swallowed by a typhoon of printing paper pulp. The poor canvasser was drowned by the rising of articles and advertising together with an editor, a clerk, and a compositor. S. D. escaped from the attraction exerted by the journalist, the jurist, and the jingoist, exhorting our young poet to action. Out of the whirling street noise rose the Nelson pillar of his prose. [End Page 503] LESTRYGONIANS The big fish eats the little fishes; swill, slurp and swallow what you want; clink, clatter with the dirty dishes in the smoke-ridden restaurant; get out of here, you cannot luncheon with cannibals munchin’ and crunchin’; order a sandwich at the bar of Davie Byrne’s; look: there are two flies glued on the glass in fever; two, buzzing, sticking, he and she; your belly’s full of burgundy; don’t let approach the young deceiver; keep out of Blazes Boylan’s sight; flee from...

Refinement And Validation Of New Environmental Paradigm (Nep) In India: A Cfa Approach

The human race today is facing a plethora of problems regarding the environment. This has lead us to question our future as a race. It has therefore become important to know the human psychology, their attitude towards environment. Dunlap and Van Liere proposed NEP scale to measure environmental attitude of individuals in US. However, researchers raised concerns regarding its applicability in different cultures as also the dimensions framed in the scale are those which are fit for the western audience. Thus, a need was felt to refine the original scale and make it fit for Indian customers. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire from 429 individuals working in offices at Delhi and Mumbai. The cities were chosen because of their rank as no. 1 and 3 among most polluted metropolitan cities of India. Test of reliability and dimensionality of the original NEP scale were carried out through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with the help of SPSS 18.0. It was found that the original scale lacked uni-dimensionality. Against three dimensions of the original NEP scale, four dimensions emerged in case of Indian context. Three items were dropped from original NEP, reducing it to a nine item scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was also used to re-check the fitness of measurement model.