The argument that rapid population growth is the causal determinant of poverty and underdevelopment is seeing a resurgence. Contemporary population policy, as directed toward women of African descent on the African continent as well as African diaspora, continues this Malthusian Legacy (Roberts, 1997; Kuumba, 1993). This manuscript offers a race/class/gender critique of population policy using women of African descent cross-culturally as illustration. The ways in which global population policies simultaneously facilitate racial inequality, class exploitation, and gender subordination are of particular interest. It further explores the relationship between repressive reproductive polity, or “reproductive imperialism,” and the current trends toward increasing international economic polarization. An approach to the understanding of population policy that highlights the reproductive and productive capacities of African women offers a particular vantage point from which to examine this relationship between population control and global capitalist interests.