Rabbit Urine Research Articles

Growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on different types of media and nutrient solution on hydroponic wick system

Effect of planting media and nutrient solutions and their interaction on growth and yield of shallot on hydroponic wick system was studied. The study was conducted in a screen house. A two factor experiment with three replications, arranged in randomized completed block design, was carried out. First factor was types of planting media i.e. sand, sand+husk charcoal (1:1), and sand+sawdust (1:1). Second factor was types of nutrient solution i.e. AB Mix, fermented urine of rabbit, and fermented vermicompost. Observed variables were plant height, leaf, tiller, and bulb number, root volume, total root length, plant fresh weight, and bulb dry weight. Data were analysed by F test followed by DMRT at a 5% error level. Results showed that shallot grown on sand+sawdust was the lowest, but types of media did not have significant effect on the other variables; plants supplied with fermented vermicompost nutrient solution had the lowest values for all observed variables. It was concluded that 50% substitution of sand with husk charcoal or sawdust did not reduce yield of shallot; solution of fermented urine of rabbit could replace solution of AB Mix, but solution of fermented vermicompost could not replace AB Mix solution for growing shallot on wick system.

The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) Made from Rabbit Urine and NPK Fertilizer on the Growth of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa L. Subsp. chinensis)

Fertilizer is one of the most important needs for plants. Fertilizing can be done by using inorganic fertilizers or organic fertilizers. Long term fertilizing by using inorganic fertilizers without adding the organic matter could potentially reduce soil fertility and lead to not optimal growth of the plant. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from rabbit urine, NPK fertilizer, and the combination of both fertilizers on the growth of bok choy, and to determine the best fertilizer dosage for the growth of bok choy. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 2 factors, the dose of rabbit urine LOF and dose of NPK fertilizer; 4 dosage levels each in triplicates. Data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT Test. The results indicates that the application of LOF made from rabbit urine, NPK fertilizer, and the combination of both fertilizers increases plant height, leaves number, leaf area, wet weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll total of bok choy. DMRT (a 5%) test shows the best dosage applied for enhancing growth parameter are 6 ml of LOF plus 0,4 gram of NPK for plant height, wet weight, and dry weight, the 4 ml of LOF plus 0,6 gram of NPK for leaves number and leaf area, and the 4 ml of LOF plus 0,4 gram NPK for chlorophyll total.

PENDAMPINGAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN INFORMASI POC FERMENTASI URINE KELINCI

This service is a continuation of his previous service, namely making labels and brands for Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) Rabbit Urine Fermentation and AB Mix Nutirsi at Mama Hidproponics UMKM. Labels are an effective way of marketing because they contain information that consumers need. Information that can be given to provide satisfaction to consumers, then Mama Hidproponik hopes to make information about the POC content of Rabbit Urine Fermentation by conducting laboratory testing of the quality of goods. Based on the results of laboratory tests that have been carried out, the results show that Rabbit Urine Fermentation POC has good content and is not dangerous.

Farmers’ Knowledge of Potato Viruses and Management Strategies in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), important staple food and a source of income to small-scale farmers, is mostly cultivated in Cameroon in the Western Highlands. Production constraints are exerted on this crop by many pathogens including viruses responsible for considerable yield losses. This study aimed at assessing the perception of farmers on the virus diseases that can affect potatoes, and to identify the control methods adopted against them. A semi-structured survey was carried out among 230 farmers in 24 villages of the Western Highlands zone of Cameroon. Out of these farmers, 80.87% had never heard of potato viruses. Those having pre-knowledge about potato viruses were 19.13%. Among the latter, 16.52% had heard of potato viruses and transmission mode during capacity building workshops while 2.61% didn’t know about the means of transmission. Insect control is essentially chemical (100%). However, few farmers use biological methods such as intercropping (7.39%) and application of plant extracts (4.78%) to control insects. Twelve plant species, belonging to nine families, were mentioned for insect control. In addition to plants, farmers also use wood ash and rabbit urine for insect control. These results show the knowledge gap possessed by farmers with respect to potato viruses and their transmission mode. It is thus speculated that this spans to other crops in Cameroon settings. This finding can serve as a base and a working document for policymaking to ameliorate teaching, research and devilment related to plant viruses for better sustainable food production.

Kajian Waktu Irigasi pada Tanaman Selada (Lactuva Sativa) Organik Untuk Budidaya Tanaman dengan Naungan dan Tanpa Naungan di Yayasan Bina Sarana Bakti Cisarua Bogor

The Bina Sarana Bakti Foundation (YBSB) implements an organic farming system, which is an agricultural management system with a terrace design with permanent beds that can ecologically (environmentally) improve land quality, provide stable and sustainable yields and income into the future. To provide water for plants so that organic farming can take place throughout the season, both in the rainy season and in the dry season, water reservoirs are built using existing water sources. Utilization of water in the cultivation of organic lettuce at the Bina Sarana Bakti Foundation is carried out with 2-level irrigation hose treatment, namely the interval of providing irrigation water for 3 days and 4 days. Data analysis used t test at 5% real level. The results showed that the theoretical amount of water for lettuce at the Bina Sarana Bakti Foundation was 714 l/bed/season which was almost the same as the actual water use of lettuce with an interval of 3 days of irrigation water including additional liquid fertilizer from rabbit urine. + water in open land in shade is 720 l/bed/season, however, it is much lower than the interval of providing irrigation water for 4 days in open land without shade, namely 4,980 l/bed/season. The production of lettuce in shade with an interval of 3 days of 30.4 kg/bed/season was much greater than the production of lettuce without shade with an interval of 4 days of irrigation water, which was only 24.7 kg/bed/season. The productivity of irrigation water for shaded lettuce with the provision of irrigation water at an interval of 3 days of irrigation is 42.22 kg/m³, much higher and more effective than lettuce without shade with an interval of 4 days of irrigation which is only 4.96 kg/m³.
 Keywords: irrigation time interval, lettuce plants, no shade, shade, and water productivity.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TINGKAT KONSENTRASI PUPUK URINE KELINCI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA VARIETAS YANG BERBEDA

This research aimed to know the effect of giving urine concentrations of rabbits and different varieties on the growth and yield of maize. The research was conducted on land owned by CV Hardian Cipocok Jaya District Serang City Banten Province from November 2019 until February 2020. The research used a Randomized Completely Block Design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of rabbit urine fertilizer which consisted of three levels, namely: 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40 ppm. The second factor was the variety which consisted of 3 levels, namely indurata, pulut and black aztec. The result showed that rabbit urine fertilizer with a concentration of 30 ppm showed better results on plant height parameters aged 14 days after planting (28.11 cm), 21 days after planting (46.33 cm), 28 days after planting (71.22 cm), 35 days after planting ( 103.24 cm), 42 days after planting (131.87 cm), 49 days after planting (154.37 cm), the number of leaves 14 days after planting (2.89 pieces) and the number of leaves at 21 days after planting (4.22 strands). Indurata variety showed better results on the parameter of the number of leaves aged 14 days after planting (2.67 pieces). There was no interaction between treatment rabbit urine fertilizer at various levels of concentration with various varieties of maize except for plant height parameters aged 14 days after planting and 21 days after planting and the number of leaves aged 14 days after planting and 21 days after planting.

Non-enzymatic simultaneous detection of acetylcholine and ascorbic acid using ZnO·CuO nanoleaves: Real sample analysis

A facile wet-chemical technique used to prepare the zinc oxide doped copper oxide nanoleaves (ZnO·CuO nanoleaves) in alkaline phase. ZnO·CuO nanoleaves were examined using a variety of conventional techniques for example UV–Visible, FTIR, XRD, FESEM equipped XEDS, and XPS. A non-enzymatic sensor was prepared with modification of a slightly deposited of ZnO·CuO nanoleaves onto a flat GCE, which fabricated through a conducting nafion polymer matrix in order to detect selective acetylcholine and ascorbic acid simultaneously. Analytical performances such as sensitivity, LOD, LOQ, LDR, and durability of the selective acetylcholine and ascorbic acid sensors were examined through a conventional current–voltage method. Calibration graphs of acetylcholine and ascorbic acid sensors were found linear (R2 = 0.9049 and 0.9201) over a good concentration range (100.0 pM–100.0 mM) respectively. Sensitivity (317.0 and 94.94 pAμM-1cm−2), LOD (14.7 and 12.0 pM), and LOQ (490.0 and 367.0 mM) of acetylcholine and ascorbic acid sensors were calculated correspondingly from the slope of the linear portion of calibration graph. Preparation of ZnO·CuO nanoleaves using wet-chemical technique is an excellent approach for the advancement of nanomaterial based on sensor development in support of enzyme free detection of biological molecules for the safety in healthcare and biomedical fields. This expected sensor applied for the specific determination of acetylcholine and ascorbic acid in real samples (Human, mouse, and rabbit serum, orange juice, and urine) and found satisfactory and acceptable results.

Highly sensitive retrospective determination of organophosphorous nerve agent biomarkers in human urine implemented in vivo in rabbit.

Highly toxic organophosphorous nerve agents (OPAs) have been used in several armed conflicts and terror attacks in the last few decades. A new method for retrospective determination of alkyl methylphosphonic acid (AMPA) metabolites in urine after exposure to VX, GB and GF nerve agents was developed. This method enables a rapid, sensitive and selective determination of trace levels of the nerve agent biomarkers ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA), isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) and cyclohexyl methylphosphonic acid (CMPA) in urine. The new technique involves a unique combination of two solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges: a Ba/Ag/H cartridge for urine interference removal, and a ZrO2 cartridge for selective reconstitution and enrichment of the AMPAs. Extraction of AMPAs from the ZrO2 cartridge was accomplished with a 1% ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution and was followed by analysis via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the range of 10-100pg/mL with recoveries of 64-71% (± 5-19%) after fast sample preparation and a total LC-MS analysis cycle time of 15min and 13min, respectively. This method was successfully applied in vivo in a rabbit that was exposed to 0.5 LD50 (7.5µg/kg, i.v.) sarin for retrospective monitoring of the IMPA metabolite in urine. For the first time, IMPA was determined in rabbit urine samples for 15days post-exposure, which is longer than any reported post-exposure method for AMPAs. To the best of our knowledge, this new method is the most sensitive and rapid for AMPA determination in urine by LC-MS/MS analysis.

Enhancing bare land soil quality using electric induction apparatus in combination with rabbit urine liquid fertilizer application to support garlic (Allium sativum) production

The new approach in this study was using electric induction technique to enhance soil fertility of bare land in a combination of rabbit urine application in the form of liquid fertilizer. This approach had been exaggerating soil microbial activities and modifying the exchange capacity of anions and cations in soil. This study aimed to find out the best combination of different duration of electricity induction and rabbit urine liquid fertilizer at different levels of their application. Randomized factorial block design with two factors was used for this study. The first factor was the duration of the electric induction at the rates of 0, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, while the application of rabbit urine as liquid organic fertilizer was at the rates of 0, 100, 150, and 200 mL/L. Plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of garlic bulb were measured within 3 months. The observations were carried out using destructive and non-destructively approached with intervals of 7 days. The best treatment that gave the highest plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, tuber diameter, fresh and dry garlic bulb and garlic production was found under the combination of 60 minute of electricity induction and 200 mL/L of urine rabbit application (P<0.05). Also, this treatment was successfully to give garlic production of 8.56 t/ha.

Repeated predator odor exposure alters maternal behavior of postpartum Brandt’s voles and offspring’s locomotor activity

Recent evidence indicates that predation risk plays a special role in the rodent behavior of dams and offspring, but little is known about the effect of maternal exposure to the predator cues in the absence of pups. Here, we assessed the effects of repeated predator odor exposure on various maternal responses in postpartum Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). We also examined offspring’s behavioral response to a novel environment. Only mother voles were exposed to distilled water, rabbit urine and cat urine for 60 min daily from postpartum day (PP) 1–18. Maternal behavior was immediately tested after these exposures on PP1, 3, 6, 9 and 18. Repeated cat odor (CO) and rabbit odor (RO) exposure disrupted hovering over pups in a time-dependent fashion. Repeated CO exposure also time-dependently disrupted pup retrieval, whereas RO exposure induced long-term reduction in pup licking. Juvenile offspring of CO-exposed mothers showed increased locomotor activity and decreased rearing in the open field at postnatal day 30. These findings demonstrated that maternal exposure to predator or non-predator odors had a disruptive effect on the maternal behavior of Brandt’s voles when only the mother was exposed to these odors, and that the adversity experience with predation risk significantly impacted the behavioral development of offspring. Future work should explore possible behavioral mechanisms, such as the effect of predation risk, on the dams’ emotional processing or pup preference.

Increasing viability of cinnamon [Cinnamomum burmanii L.] seed by soaking in rabbit urine

Cinnamon is the main commodity of West Sumatra and Indonesia is the largest exporter of world markets. Cinnamon seeds are recalcitrant, so the fruit that has fallen out and is not fresh has experienced a decline in germination power. To improve the viability of cinnamon seeds, it is necessary to soak with rabbit urine. For this reason, a study was conducted to improve the quality of cinnamon seed viability through soaking in rabbit urine. This research was conducted at Balittro Laing Solok Experimental Garden from October 2017 to February 2018. The study used a completely randomized design [CRD] with 5 treatments namely rabbit urine dose: [1] without urine/water, [2] dose of 10 ml/l, [3] dose of 15 ml/l [4] dose of 20 ml/l [5] Dose of 25 ml/l, 30 seeds per box/plot and repeated 7 times. Seeds were used 7 days after harvest. Variables measured included: germination, vegetative growth of seeds [seed height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, number of roots, root length and biomass], chlorophyll analysis. The results showed that the seed germination was 60% while the vegetative growth of seed height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and stem diameter were found the best at doses 25 ml/l as well as for the variable root length, number of roots, whole wet weight, stem wet weight + leaves, root wet weight, whole dry weight, dry weight of stem + leaves, and dry weight of the root

Effects of predator-induced stress during pregnancy on reproductive output and offspring quality in Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)

Animals may use different reproductive strategies depending on environmental conditions. This study investigated the effects of maternal stress induced by exposure to predator odors on reproductive output and adult offspring quality in pregnant Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). We exposed pregnant Brandt’s voles to cat urine, rabbit urine, or distilled water for 18 days (1 h/day). Our results indicated that pregnant voles in the cat odor-exposed group tended to produce more offspring and the number of viable female offspring was larger. However, we did not observe any differences in the sex ratios of vole offspring among the three treatment groups. Compared with the control (distilled water) group, female offspring of voles in the cat odor-exposed group had lower body weights, lengths, and smaller body weights in relation to body length, whereas they had larger ovaries in relation to body weight. Furthermore, the female offspring of the voles exposed to the cat odor had higher concentrations of serum estradiol and higher levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the hypothalamus compared with the female offspring of the voles in the control group. However, we observed no differences among the male offspring in the three treatment groups. Our findings suggest that pregnant Brandt’s voles suffering from chronic exposure to predator odors will produce greater numbers of low-weight female offspring that probably possess higher breeding potential to improve the fitness via regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Setting of cash pruning time and giving rabbit urine to growth and results of plant melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Melon is an annual plant that has high economic value with bright prospects to be developed. The low production of melons needs to be improved on cultivation techniques. The purpose of this study was to get one of the right time to trim the shoots and giving the urine more often given will be able to give effect to the growth and yield of melon plants both the best quality and quantity as well as the increasing income of melon farmers. Factorial experiments (2 factors) with a randomized block design (RBD) were used in this study. The interaction between setting the shoot pruning time (P) and giving rabbit (U) urine to the growth and yield of melon plants on all influential variables was not significant. The highest weight obtained fruit weight per plant due to setting the shoot pruning time gave at P1 of 1555.21 g or 10.12%, it was higher compared to P3 which was 1412.34 g. Fruit weight per plant on U1 urine administration with the interval of giving once every 3 days showed the highest value of 1568.88 g or 14.67%, it was higher compared to U0 which was of 1368.17 g.

Effect of Plant Media Composition and POC Doses of Rabbit Urine on Growth and Yield of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Plants

Melon has a high economic value but in its cultivation, this plant requires quite an intensive handling.One effort to increase the production of melon plants is modifying planting media composition andfertilizing. This research aimed to examine the interaction between plant media composition and therabbit urine fertilizer dosage on melon growth and yield. The research was held on April 4 to August4, 2019, at The Agro Fruit Purwosari Greenhouse, Mijen, Semarang and Ecology, and CropProduction Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University,Semarang. The study used a completely randomized factorial design 3x5 with 5 replications. The firstfactor was the growing media composition of 100% husk charcoal (M1), 75% husk charcoal + 25%soil (M2), 50% husk charcoal + 50% soil (M3). The second factor was rabbit urine fertilizer dosageof 55 ml/plant (P1), 82,5 ml/plant (P2), 110 ml/plant (P3), 137,5 ml/plant (P4), 165 ml/plant (P5).Data were analyzed by variance and proceeded with the DMRT test. The observed variables wereplant height, amount of leaves, harvest age, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit sweetness level, crown,and root fresh weight, crown and root dry weight. The results of the study showed that the interactionof the growing media composition and rabbit urine fertilizer dosage was significant (P&lt;0.05) on theparameters of plant height, amount of leaves, and fruit sweetness level. The treatment of (M2)obtained the highest result on the parameters of plant height, amount of leaves, and fruit sweetnesslevel but had not been shown on the parameters of harvest age, fruit weight, fruit diameter, crownand root fresh weight, crown, and root dry weight.

The potency of bio-organic fertilizer containing local microorganism of Cibodas village, Lembang-West Java

This experiment was conducted to determine the characteristics of biofertilizers usually called as Local Microorganism (LM) with the raw materials that is easily obtained in the village of Cibodas Lembang. This experiment included ten main raw materials as media for growing LM, including: Bamboo Root, Spring Onion, Broccoli Leaves, Banana Stump, Leaves of Water Hyacinth, Goat Manure, Rabbit Manure, Chicken Manure, Cow Manure and Rabbit Urine. The LM was enriched with material sugar and carbohydrates then incubated for 2 weeks. Parameters observed in the laboratory include IAA hormones, cytokines and gibberellins. The microorganism living in the LM i.e Total microorganism (Total Plate Count Aerob), Azospirillium, Azotobacter and Trichoderma were also analysed. The results showed that the LM with raw materials from chicken manure showed the highest hormone content in both IAA, Cytokinin (Zeatin), Cytokinin (Kinetin) and Giberelin with the following values: 141.28 ppm, 115.63 ppm, 126.49 ppm, 165.13 ppm, respectively. The same LM showed highest number of microorganisms based on TPC method and Trichoderma with a value of 3.75 x 108, 6.80 x 105 CFU/ml. As for the analysis of the LM goat manure contain the highest number of Azospirillium which population of 2.4 x 105 CFU/ml and the highest population of Azotobacter sp was found in LM of rabbit manure with a value of 6.95 x 103 CFU / ml.

Economic Assessment of Napier Grass Production Using Different Fertilizer Combinations under Smallholder Farming Conditions in the Central Highlands of Kenya

Aims: The objective of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using different fertilizer combinations to improve Napier grass production within the smallholder farms.&#x0D; Study Design: The experimental design was a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates per treatment. The treatments were: Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP); rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) manure; rabbit manure plus rabbit urine; DAP plus Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN); DAP plus rabbit urine; Control; and Conventional method.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in Embu County, Kenya from March 2015 to January 2016.&#x0D; Methodology: The economic analysis to determine the most cost-effective fertilizer was done using gross margins and cost-benefit ratios approach.&#x0D; Results: Rabbit manure plus urine had the highest cost of production averages at US$.154 8.13 per year at p&lt;0.05 while the conventional method was US$ 494.59 at p&lt;0.05. The study revealed that the most cost-effective fertilizer in Embu County was DAP plus rabbit urine treatment under ‘‘Tumbukiza’’ pits.&#x0D; Conclusion: The projections are that by the end of the second cropping year, the treatment top-dressed with either rabbit urine or CAN would be having higher gross margins since the initial cost would have been recovered. Farmers in Embu County are encouraged to integrate the use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers to achieve high production in a cost-effective way.

Pengaruh Pemberian Urin Kelinci Terhadap Serangan Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) Pada Tanaman Kailan (Brassica oleraceae var. alboglabra) yang Dibudidayakan Secara Organik

Kai Lan has a high potential for being developed in Indonesia. The cultivation system that can produce high quality product that is organically cultivated of kai Lan. Organic plant cultivation require intensive maintenance. The disease that often attacks kailan plants is a mosaic disease caused by Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV). The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of giving rabbit urine against TuMV attack of kai Lan and to know the effect on growth and production of kai lan. Research conducted in the Organic Community Brenjonk Mojokerto regency, East Java. The research was conducted from February to April 2016. The Research used randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and each treatment was repeated four times. The observation variable are include incubation period and symptoms of the disease, the intensity attack of disease, plant height, plant weigh, length, roots, and broad leaf of plants. The result of observation showed that rabbit urine with a consentrate 8ml/L up to 32ml/L applied as much as 8 times, can extend the incubation period and can’t decrease the intensity of TuMV attack. Rabbit urine with a consentrate 8ml/L up to 32ml/L also applied as much as 8 times on the plant can increase the growth and production of kai lan include fresh weight of plant, plant height, plant root length and leaf area of plant.

Identification of metabolites of novel Anti-MRSA fluoroquinolone WCK 771 in mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and human urine using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

WCK 771 is an l-arginine salt of levonadifloxacin (LND) being developed in intravenous dosage form and has recently completed a phase III trial in India. The pharmacokinetics of WCK 771, a novel anti-MRSA fluoroquinolone, were examined in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys and humans after systemic administration during pre-clinical and clinical investigations. Urine and serum were evaluated for identification of metabolites. It was observed that LND mainly follows phase II biotransformation pathways. All of the species showed a different array of metabolites. In mice, rabbit and dog, the drug was mainly excreted in the form of O-glucuronide (M7) and acyl glucuronide (M8) conjugates, whereas in rat and human major metabolite was sulfate conjugate (M6). Monkeys exhibited equal distribution of sulfate (M6) and glucuronide conjugates (M7, M8). In addition to these three major phase II metabolites; five phase I oxidative metabolites (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5) were identified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Out of these eight metabolites M2, M3, M5, M7 and M8 are reported for the first time.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Biourin Kelinci Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bayam Batik (Amaranthus Tricolor L. var. Giti Merah)

Batik spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a plant that is rich in nutrients and can be used as diabetes medicine and dysentery. Therefore, increasing the growth of batik spinach plants needs to be done, one of which is the use of organic fertilizers, which can be used as rabbit biourin. The use of rabbit urine is done because rabbit urine has a high nutrient content compared to other livestock. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of biourin on the growth of batik spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.). The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 levels of concentration treatment consisting of controls, 25 ml / L, 30 ml / L, 35 ml / L, 40 ml / L, with 5 replications. The results showed that the administration of rabbit biourin significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight and ratio of roots / canopy. The concentration of 25 ml / L gave the highest effect on the parameters of plant height, leaf number, root / crown ratio, wet weight, and dry weight.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN ANTARA PUPUK ORGANIK URIN KELINCI DENGAN PUPUK NON-ORGANIK (NPK MUTIARA) TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DAN HASIL PANEN WORTEL DI DESA HANAKAU KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT

Abstract Hanakau Village, Sukau District, West Lampung Regency is a village where most people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. The main commodities grown in Hanakau Village are carrots, cabbage, sweet potatoes, and other types of vegetables such as mustard greens, tomatoes, peanuts, beans and chillies. Farmers there need chemical fertilizers, manure or animal dung in large quantities to fertilize the growth of vegetable crops. The use of chemical fertilizers in the village of Hanakau on agricultural land has continuously had a negative impact on the soil and the environment. Animals that are kept and used for manure in Hanakau Village are goats and rabbits. Rabbit urine has the highest nitrogen content compared to manure and urine of other livestock such as horses, buffaloes, cows, and sheep, because it is customary to never drink water and only consume green leaves and carrots. This study aims to see how far the difference between carrots and what are the economic benefits of using organic fertilizer (rabbit urine) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK Mutiara). The parameters observed in this study were plant height, number of leaf segments, measuring the diameter of the base of carrot tubers ready for harvest at 3 months. And the analysis used is to see an overview of the components of costs incurred and the benefits to be gained. The conclusion obtained is the growth of carrot plants using rabbit urine organic fertilizer and non-organic NPK Mutiara is not too significant difference. But there is a significant difference in net income for rabbit urine. The use of rabbit urine organic fertilizer is more profitable in terms of lower production costs (IDR 70,000) and higher income (IDR 130,000) compared to inorganic fertilizers (NPK Mutiara) Keywords: Organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, rabbit urine, NPK Mutiara, carrot